수산업은 수산물의 남획, 국가 간의 제한, 기후변화로 인하여 수산물 개체 수 감소 등으로 전 세계 수산물 생산량이 정체되면서, 양식업은 항상 세계 식량 소비를 위해 오랫동안 지속되어 온 패러다임을 뒤집고 인류가 바다, 호수, 강의 풍부함을 새로운 방식으로 확장할 수 있도록 하는 '푸른 혁명'의 가능성을 제시하고 있다. 양식산업은 이제 인간 소비를 위한 해산물의 원료 로서 해양에서 얻는 어업생산량의 절반이상을 넘어섰다. 지속 가능한 양식산업의 발전을 위하 여 다양한 최신 생물학적 연구 방법들이 적용되고 있다. 유전체학은 2011년 대서양 대구의 염 기서열이 규명된 이래 최근 상당한 진전을 이루었으며 더 많은 종의 유전체가 해독되어 우수 형질의 육종 및 번식 기술, 질병 저항성 품질 개량, 양식 사료 및 사료방식의 최적화 등 양식산 업을 위한 보다 견고하고 생산적인 지식 기반을 제공한다. 본 리뷰는 수산양식종의 유전체 연 구를 위한 유전체 분석 기술과 수산양식종의 유전체 연구의 현황에 대해서 살펴보았다. 이와 같이 유전체 분석 기술과 유전체학의 발전은 수산양식산업의 과제를 해결하는 데 중요하며 지속 가능한 어업과 양식에 도움을 줄 것이다.

One of the problems with abalone farms is that they need to be checked frequently after feeding them or visited once or twice a day and that the amount of food intake constantly fluctuates due to changes in water temperature around the farm and typhoons. In addition, the condition of abalone is not constant as it is divided into places that eat well and do not eat well according to its location. In order to solve this problem, there is a method of measuring the amount of food intake by using a load cell that can measure even the smallest weight in an abalone farm. Through this study, we implemented a system capable of measuring the amount of abalone feed required for systematic management of abalone farms and real-time monitoring using mobile and client PCs.

The purpose of this study is to understand the production efficiency of individual fishing communities and provide directions for improvement. The subject of the study is aquaculture type Ochon-Gye in Goheung-gun. The analysis method used bootstrap-DEA to overcome the statistical reliability problem of the traditional DEA analysis technique. In addition, data mining-GIS was applied to identify the spatial productivity of fishing communities. The values of technology efficiency, pure technology efficiency, and scale efficiency were estimated for 32 aquaculture-type fishing villages. Then, using the benchmarking reference set and weights, the projection was presented through adjustment of the input factor excess, and furthermore, the confidence interval of the efficiency values considering statistical significance was estimated using bootstrap.

순환여과양식시스템(RAS)은 사육수를 여과하여 재사용하며 고밀도로 사육하는 양식 방법으로 수질관리 및 소독이 매우 중요하다. 병원체로 인한 질병 발생을 예방하고 수질 개선에 도움을 주기 위하여 최근 코로나 방전 플라즈마 처리수(plasma water, PW)를 이용한 사육수 소독법이 제안되었다. 본 연구에서는 플라즈마 발생장치를 설치한 순환여과시스템(처리구, PW system) 과 설치하지 않은 순환여과시스템(대조구, No PW system)에서 40일 동안 틸라피아를 사육하 면서 수질 변화 및 어체의 성장을 조사하였다. 이를 위해 10일 마다 물을 채수하여 UV 투과율 과 일반 세균 수 변화를 측정하였고 틸라피아의 성장지표, 생존율 및 조직학적인 차이를 분 석하였다. UV 투과율 실험 결과 처리구와 대조구는 실험 시작 시에(0일) 각각 74.1%, 74.8%를 나타냈으며, 40일째에 처리구는 91.8%로 증가한 반면 대조구는 65.2%로 감소하여 수중 유기 물 감소 효과를 확인하였다. 일반 세균 수는 40일에 이르러 처리구(101.69 CFU/ml)에서 대조구 (103.25 CFU/ml) 보다 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 틸라피아 성장차이 조사 결과 처리구는 대조구에 비해 총 증중량이 유의하게 높았으며(p<0.05), 다른 성장지표도 처리구가 상대적으로 높았으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 아니었다(p>0.05). 또한 처리구는 100%의 생존율을 보였 으며, 조직학적으로 대조구와 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 플라즈마 처리수는 순환여과양 식시스템 내 어류의 성장과 건강에 해를 끼치지 않고 수질 개선에도 효과가 있을 것으로 기대 된다. 그러나 현장 적용 시에는 탈기수조의 설치 등 주의사항을 충분히 고려하여야 할 것이다.

The objectives of this study were to develop the optimal structures of recirculating aquaculture tank for improving the removal efficiency of solid materials and maintaining water quality conditions. Flow analysis was performed using the CFD (computational fluid dynamics) method to understand the hydrodynamic characteristics of the circular tank according to the angle of inclination in the tank bottom (0°, 1.5° and 3°), circulating water inflow method (underwater, horizontal nozzle, vertical nozzle and combination nozzle) and the number of inlets. As the angle in tank bottom increased, the vortex inside the tank decreased, resulting in a constant flow. In the case of the vertical nozzle type, the eddy flow in the tank was greatly improved. The vertical nozzle type showed excellent flow such as constant flow velocity distribution and uniform streamline. The combination nozzle type also showed an internal spiral flow, but the vortex reduction effect was less than the vertical nozzle type. As the number of inlets in the tank increased, problems such as speed reduction were compensated, resulting in uniform fluid flow.

The objective of this study is to develop education programs for cultivating smart aquaculture experts through a education demand survey of industries, high school students, university (graduate) students and field workers. The industry demand analysis was conducted as an in-depth interview on representives from seven companies. Education demand surveys were conducted on 96 students and field workers in the Jeonnam region. Results on the demand survey were analyzed using frequency analysis and cross-analysis. The company representatives responded that they want to participated in internship and retraining programs to proactively secure manpowers with convergence capabilities about smart aquaculture. Seven companies preferred manpowers with basic competencies on ICT (Information and Communications Technologies) or aquaculture. The most respondents in the demand survey want to participate in the education program for experience on advanced technology, self-development and enhancement of work capability. On the other hand, some respondents said that the education is time-consuming and that the education program does not fit their level. Thus, the education program should be developed in a way to minimize the spatial and temporal limitations of education targets and to improve understanding of non-majors by reflecting the demands of human resources in the industrial field.

The purpose of this study is to construct an outlook model that is consistent with the “Fisheries Outlook” monthly published by the Fisheries Outlook Center of the Korea Maritime Institute(KMI). In particular, it was designed as a partial equilibrium model limited to abalone items, but a model was constructed with a dynamic ecological equation model(DEEM) system taking into account biological breeding and shipping time. The results of this study are significant in that they can be used as basic data for model development of various items in the future. In this study, due to the limitation of monthly data, the market equilibrium price was calculated by using the recursive model construction method to be calculated directly as an inverse demand. A model was built in the form of a structural equation model that can explain economic causality rather than a conventional time series analysis model. The research results and implications are as follows. As a result of the estimation of the amount of young seashells planting, it was estimated that the coefficient of the amount of young seashells planting from the previous year was estimated to be 0.82 so that there was no significant difference in the amount of young seashells planting this year and last year. It is also meant to be nurtured for a long time after aquaculture license and limited aquaculture area(edge style) and implantation. The economic factor, the coefficient of price from last year was estimated at 0.47. In the case of breeding quantity, it was estimated that the longer the breeding period, the larger the coefficient of breeding quantity in the previous period. It was analyzed that the impact of shipments on the breeding volume increased. In the case of shipments, the coefficient of production price was estimated unelastically. As the period of rearing increased, the estimation coefficient decreased. Such result indicates that the expected price, which is an economic factor variable and that had less influence on the intention to shipments. In addition, the elasticity of the breeding quantity was estimated more unelastically as the breeding period increased. This is also correlated with the relative coefficient size of the expected price. The abalone supply and demand forecast model developed in this study is significant in that it reduces the prediction error than the existing model using the ecological equation modeling system and the economic causal model. However, there are limitations in establishing a system of simultaneous equations that can be linked to production and consumption between industries and items. This is left as a future research project.

As a first step in obtaining the minimum level of data needed to develop smart cultivation technology for Korean seaweed gim (Pyropia yezoensis), farming tests have been carried out using onshore aquaculture facilities. The aquaculture facility was built on paddy farmland on the west coast of Chungnam and received seawater from nearby sea. In this paper, we report the overall process and results of the aquaculture trials attempted in Korea's first onshore gim aquaculture facilities. In addition, the industrial possibility of gim production using the onshore aquaculture system will be discussed through the analysis of all expenses incurred in the test form.

The Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries is supporting the “Environmentally Friendly Fisheries Promotion and Private Assistance Project” to increase production of eco-friendly, high-value-added foods. Private-backed operators selected for the project will have an economic opportunity to build, expand or refurbish eco-friendly fishing grounds. To facilitate this, the scope of project support was expanded after 2015 and an opportunity was prepared for private subsidy projects to grow to a new level in terms of quality and quantity by switching to a public offering project. However, starting in 2017, demand from the private sector will plunge and selected projects will be delayed or the project implementation rate will be lowered. It was a time for subsidy-related laws and systems to be reinforced but private subsidy projects do not temporarily shrink simply due to the increased administrative burden on private subsidy operators on subsidy management. It plans to review the correlation between laws and systems related to the construction of fish farms and suggest ways to enhance the efficiency of implementation so that economic advantages, the biggest advantage of the private subsidy project, can be recovered within the current legal system.

The production of abalone seed has grown and been specialized since the 2000s with the growth of the abalone farming industry. Despite the increase in the production of abalone seeds, the sales volume of abalone seeds remained flat and competition among producers increased. This paper will analyze the management efficiency of abalone seed production fishery to diagnose the management status and improve the abalone seed production efficiency. In addition, this study is the result of the basic research on the abalone seed industry and it is meaningful to prepare a platform for further research since the management status survey and the management efficiency survey of abalone seed production fishery have not been conducted until now. The data on the farmed fish prices of abalone seeds were collected from surveys of sample fish as part of the fish seed observation project conducted by the Fisheries Outlook Center (FOC) of Korea Maritime and Fisheries Development Institute (KMI). Management efficiency analysis utilizes DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) model. The DEA model was analyzed by classifying into CCR (Super-CCR), BCC, and SBM (Super-SBM) models according to the assumptions taking into account the characteristics of the industry. The slack considered in the SBM model was judged as possible decreases in input variables and increase in output variables. The average efficiency from the CCR model was analyzed to be 69%. The BCC model was classified into input and output orientations, and the average efficiency was 79% and 75%, respectively. There were seven production fisheries with an SE value of 1 or more, which remained unchanged in terms of size and could be benchmarked. The average efficiency of the SBM model was 59% for CRS and 66% for VRS. Under the VRS assumptions, the variable increase/decrease efficiency analysis shows that labor costs can be reduced by 37.3%, facility capacity by 18.8%, and operating costs by 8.5%. In order to improve management efficiency, Wando needs to reduce labor and management costs. In Jindo region, sales increase as well as labor cost reduction is urgent. In other regions, reduced facilities and increased sales are recommended.

This study is an analysis of the Aquaculture Industry Development Act that has recently been passed by the National Assembly. In order to improve the structural problem of Korea's aquaculture, a large revision of aquaculture related laws and regulations is needed. The enactment of Aquaculture Industry Development Act is necessary to that effect. It is adequate to aim for development as aquaculture industry not as aquaculture, to alleviate entry restriction of aquaculture, and to provision diverse promotion and support policies. However, it is a concern whether the current Aquaculture Industry Development Act can achieve its goal of enhancing the competitiveness of aquaculture and sustainability. Rather than to solve the problem, the act holds the possibility of further fixing or exacerbating the problem. So there is concern for side-effects after the enactment. This is due to the fact that it complicates terminologies by unnecessarily differentiating aquaculture related concepts from the existing Fisheries Act, lacks regulations regarding voluntary participation in aquaculture, and has limited methods to alleviate entry restriction. In addition, there are very few measures for the scale improvement of aquaculture along with the unlikeliness of a significant effect of the review and evaluation for re-licensing. Thus, the Aquaculture Industry Development Act should promptly be revised after its enactment.

In this study, an automatic system for improving the working environment and increasing production efficiency of a laver aquaculture industry in Korea was developed by combining a hydraulic control system and a load cell in a current landing work of the laver. The improved gathering laver system allowed the automatic gathering process of the laver in the sea with the hydraulic control system connected to a cutting machine of the laver on the operating ship, which has been used for gathering the laver semi-automatically in a form of the traditional farming method. The transporting process of the laver from an operating ship to the land was improved as follows. A frame installed on the operating ship and the bag nets were designed and made to hold about 1,000 kg of the laver inside. The bag nets contain the laver on the improved operating ship were tied in knots and hooked on a crane using a load cell. The weight is measured immediately by lifting the bag nets through the load cell system. Weight information is communicated to the fishermen and successful bidders through the application. The advantages of the improved system can help fishermen to fish by improving their working environment and increasing production efficiency. The field survey to improve the landing operation of the laver aquaculture was conducted in Gangjin, Goheung, Shinan, Wando, Jindo, and Haenam in South Jeonnam Province. A total of 10 sites including Gunsan in Jeonbuk Province, Daebu Island in Ansan City, Jebu Island in Hwaseong City in Gyeonggi Province, and Seocheon in Chungnam Province were searched to collect data. Prototypes of the system were tested at the auction house of laver located in Goheung, where laver collection using hydraulic control and landing using road cell could be improved.

최근 양식기법이 보급되어 어가의 양식이 활발해진 감태 (Ecklonia cava Kjellman)는 향후 다양한 품종개발이 예상되고, 이들의 구분을 위한 신품종 심사기준 (특성조사요 령) 작성과 기초자료가 되는 자연 개체군의 변이 폭과 지역적 형태 변이에 관한 연구 필요성은 더욱 커지고 있다. 본 연구는 감태 양식 개체군과 국내 연안 16개소에서 채집한 자연개체군의 형태를 비교하고, 주요 형태 형질의 특성과 변이 폭을 규명하고자 하였다. 감태의 품종 구분에 적합한 형질은 1차엽과 2차엽, 줄기에 대한 주요 형태와 특 징에 관한 14개 측정 형질과 4개 비율 형질, 총 18개 특성을 선정하였다. 군집 분석에서 전체 19개 개체군 중, 자연 개체군인 장길 (E4), 소록 (S7)은 동일 지역 개체군들과 유의한 차이를 보였고, 동해와 남해의 나머지 자연 개체군은 양식 2년생인 수유 (Q6, Q8, Q10)를 포함한 2개 집단으로 구분되었고, 제주의 3개 개체군은 별도의 집단을 이루어 지역적으로 구분되었다. 주성분 분석에서도 군집 분석에서 집단을 이룬 동해와 남해 개체군을 중심으로 양식 개체군은 중앙에 모여 나타났고, 장길 (E4), 소록 (S7)과 제주 개체군들은 주성분 1 (PC1)과 주성분 2 (PC2)에 연관된 2 차엽 지수, 줄기의 길이와 직경, 줄기 길이/1차엽 길이, 1차엽 길이와 너비, 2차엽 수, 2차엽 길이와 너비의 형질에 의해 각 축에 따라 구분되어 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 본 연구에서 조사한 18개 형질은 각 해역에서 유의한 차이를 보이는 개체군 구분을 위한 기준으로 유용성이 확인되었으 며, 감태의 각 지역 개체군은 향후 신품종 개발 후보 종으로 가능성이 클 것으로 기대되었다.

도심형 양식시스템을 바이오플락 양식기술과 아쿠아포 닉스 배양대로 구성하여 사육수를 교체하지 않고 메기를(사육조 3.3톤 2개) 양성한 결과 151일의 사육 후 2.8 g의 종묘가 평균 무게 171.3 g (총중량 56.53 kg)과 235.5 g (총 중량 71.1 kg)로 성장하였다. 입식에서 수확까지의 누적 생존율은 65% 보였고, 성장 구간별로 입식에서 1차 성장 후 분조 이전까지 77.7%, 분조 이후 생존율은 수조에 따라 차이를 보여 각각 92.9%와 78.0%로 나타났다. 초기 바이오플 락 사육수가 만들어지는 과정에서 일부 폐사가 발생하였고, 수질이 안정된 이후에는 폐사가 감소하였다. 메기의 혈액분석결과 사육초기 BFT 사육수가 안정화 이전인 4월에 간 손상 지표인 AST의 농도가 유의적으로 높은 값을 보였으며 ALT, triglyceride는 전 사육기간 내에 차이가 없었 다. Glucose, cholesterol, total protein은 7월에 유의적으로 높은 값을 보이고 다른 기간에는 차이가 없었다. 메기 사육수를 이용한 아쿠아포닉스 가동 시 생산된 식물은 상추, 바질, 적근대, 적치커리 등이 원활한 성장을 보여 5개월간 총 148.85 kg의 식물을 수확하였다. 또한 아쿠아포닉스 시스템에서 식물재배에 따른 사육수 내의 질산 제거능력과, 질산이 제거된 사육수는 메기 사육수로 재사용이 가능한 것으로 확인되었다. 결론적으로, 본 연구에서는 도심형 양식시스템으로 물을 교환하지 않고 어류를 양식할 때 사육 수에 축적된 질산을 제거하고 재사용이 가능한가를 아쿠아포닉스 기술을 결합하여 연구하였으며, 양식생물 (메기) 수용량에 따른 적정 식물량을 유지하면 농수산 복합양식이 가능하다는 것을 보여주었다.

본 연구는 수산양식분야에서 용수를 살균하기 위해 제품화되어 있는 UV 및 플라즈마 장치를 100 ℓ 수조에 적용하고 처리수를 1 ℓ씩 채수, 농축하여 시료 내 세균 수의 변화를 확인하여 두 가지 처리 방식에 따른 효과를 비교하였다. 각 장치를 6시간 동안 작동시키면서 일반 해 수 내 세균을 MA, TCBS, SS 배지에 배양하여 세균 수 변화를 확인하였고, 살균처리된 해수 내 Edwardsiella piscicida를 인위 접종한 후 처리수 내 E. piscicida 세균 수 변화를 확인한 결과 UV 장치와 플라즈마 장치 간의 세균 저감 효율은 99.5~99.9% 수준으로 거의 유사한 수준으로 확 인되었다. 2가지 장치를 적용하여 100 ℓ의 수량을 동일한 시간 동안 처리하였을 때, 플라즈마 방식의 경우 UV 장치와 비교하여 더 짧은 시간 안에 세균을 사멸하는 것으로 나타났다. 하지 만 본 연구에서는 단기적(6시간)으로만 세균 수 변화를 확인한 것으로, 사료찌꺼기, 배설물, 연 안 오염 등에 따라 수질의 변동이 크고 biofilm과 유기물이 많이 존재하는 실제 양식환경을 고려할 때, 탁도와 유기물의 존재에 따라 한계가 있는 UV 처리 방식보다는 지속적이고 일정 한 효과를 유지할 수 있는 플라즈마 처리 방식이 보다 효율적일 것으로 사료된다.

Effective implementation of private subsidy projects requires comprehensive expertise in the aquaculture and construction sectors to be provided to private subsidy operators, local government officials and others involved in budget execution and settlement. Due to the strengthening of laws and systems related to the execution of state subsidies since 2015, the efficient implementation of private-sector grant projects has been difficult for delays in projects, cancellations, and conflicts with local governments from lack of prior awareness and understanding of related regulations. It is expected that the government will be able to activate the project by analyzing the current status and problems of each phase of project implementation for improving quality internalization of the project effects, as well as quantitative growth of the private sector subsidy project for environmentally friendly aquaculture development projects.

The objective of this study is to establish a direction for smart aquaculture technology development in the Republic of Korea through patent analysis and a demand survey of experts and fishermen. The patent analysis was conducted using Wisdomain for patents in the Republic of Korea, the United States of America, Europe, Japan, and China from 2005 to 2016. This study conducted an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) survey of experts in the fields of fishery, marine, and ICT among others. Furthermore, it carried out a demand survey of 85 fishermen in Jeonnam and Jeju. The smart aquaculture technology market has moderately grown in the Republic of Korea until recently, and it is expected to expand further because of the expansion of national investment in the smart aquaculture field. The priority evaluation results for developing smart aquaculture technology show that land-based aquaculture has a higher priority than sea-based aquaculture. Of the fishermen that responded, 84% said that they need to introduce smart aquaculture technology to solve problems in the supply and demand of manpower, labor cost, and maintenance expenses. The direction of development should lie in developing biological and environment-based standard aquaculture models to spread high-tech systems and vitalize the aquaculture industry. This requires continual training of human resources in the smart aquaculture field.