다환방향족탄화수소는 환경오염이나 식품의 제조공정 과정 중에 생성될 수 있으며, 홍삼은 수증기로 찌고 건조하여 만들어진다. 시료를 핵산으로 추출한 후 물로 세척하고 후로리실 SPE 카트리지로 정제한 후 고속액체크로마토그래피/형광검출기로 분석하였다. 이동상으로는 아세토니트릴과 물의 혼합용액(8:2)을 사용하였으며 형광검출기의 여기파장은 294 nm이었고 형광파장은 404 nm이었다. 평균 회수율은 105%이었으며, 상대표준편차는 0.5이었다. 대상 식품인 홍삼음료 중 벤조피렌은 검출되지 않았다.

사료를 통한 benzo(a)pyrene이 조피볼락, Sebastes schlegeli의 lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase(SOD)활성과 간 조직의 병변 현상에 미치는 영향을 연구하기위해 0 (대조구), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mg kg-1 농도의 사료를 조제하여 30일간 급이하였다. LPO는 2.0mg kg-1농도구에서 전 실험기간 동안 유의적으로 증가하였고, SOD 활성도

본 연구는 해양 식물플랑크톤에 대한 지속성 유기오염물질의 영향을 이해하기 위한 목적으로, 우리나라 연안역에서 연간 우점적으로 나타나는 식물플랑크톤 주요 5종 즉, 규조류 Skeletonema costatun, 침편모조류 Heterosigma akashiwo, 와편모조류 Prorocentrum dentatum, P. minimum, Akashiwo sanguinea를 이용하여 benzo〔a〕pyrene(PAHs)에 72시간동안 노출시킨 다음 각 종의 성장

To evaluate the effects of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), one of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), on in vitro oocyte maturation (GVBD) and sex steroid hormone production, maturing oocytes (oocyte diameters=0.74, 0.88 and 0.93 mm) of the longchin goby, Chasmichthys dolichognathus were incubated with B[a]P (1, 10 and 100 ng/mL) for 24 hours. After incubation, the oocytes were fixed with clearing solution (ethanol:formalin:glacial acrtic acid=6:3:1). The location of the germinal vesicle was observed under low-power magnification using a dissecting microscope. Steroids in aliquots of the incubation media were extracted twice using five volumes of ethylacetate:cyclohexane (1:1). Then, the T, E2 and 17α20βP levels were measured by RIA. In oocytes 0.74 mm diameter (vitellogenic oocytes), B[a]P had no significant effect on GVBD at the concentrations tested. In oocytes 0.88 mm diameter (fully vitellogenic oocytes), B[a]P inhibited GVBD significantly at 1 and 100 ng/mL. T production was decreased and the ratio of E2/T was increased significantly at 1 and 10 ng/mL compared with control. In 0.93 mm diameter oocytes (germinal vesicle located near the center of oocytes), B[a]P induced GVBD significantly at 10 and 100 ng/mL and decreased the ratio of E2/T significantly at 1 and 10 ng/mL compared with control. These findings suggest that B[a]P has different sensitivity to the oocyte maturation according to the oocyte diameters.

This experiment was carried out in order to collect the basic data on the standardization of the manufacturing process of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. var. purpurea Makino drying. By the drying methods of R. glutinosa, the content of water, inorganic components, reducing sugar, catalpol and benzo[α]pyrene were investigated. The water content was 15.6~17.2% when R. glutinosa was dried by cold-warm air moisture absorption drying method (CAMAD) at 60℃ during 6 days. Among of the inorganic components of R. glutinosa the K content was the most followed by P, Na, Ca and Mg. The reducing sugar content of R. glutinosa by the hot air drying method (HAD) was much more than that by the CAMAD. The catalpol content of R. glutinosa was not different by the drying temperature when it was dried by the CAMAD. The catalpol content of the large size tuber (about 50.0 g/unit) showed a tendency to increase from 60℃ until 70℃ drying temperature, but that of the small size tuber(about 4.0 g/unit) was decreased as being a trend as the drying temperature high when R. glutinosa was dried by the HAD, But the catalpol content R. glutinosa had a tendency to drop significantly at drying temperature above 80℃. The benzo[α]pyrene content was little detected when R. glutinosa was dried by both the SLD and the CAMAD, and the sampling by the HAD indicated within the scope of 5 μg/kg which was the scope to regulate by Korean food and drug administration. In conclusion, it seemed that an appropriate drying temperature of R. glutinosa by the CAMAD and the HAD was about 60℃ and about 70℃, respectively, when we consider the catalpol content and benzo[α]pyrene detection in the manufacturing process of drying R. glutinosa.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants derived from incomplete combustion of carbons and crude oil. In this study, we investigated the effects of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a representative PAHs on in vitro sex steroid hormone production and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) using isolated oocytes of longchin goby (Chasmichthys dolichognathus) and chameleon goby (Tridentiger trigonocephalus). Oocytes in diameters of 0.8-0.9 (end vitellogenic stage) and 0.9-1.0 mm (germinal vesicle migratory stage) from longchin goby and 0.5 mm (fully vitellogenic stage) from chameleon goby were used. In GVBD assay, B[a]P at 10 nM stimulated GVBD in the oocytes of 0.8-0.9 mm from longchin goby. B[a]P at 1 nM stimulated GVBD in the oocytes with diameter 0.5 mm from chameleon goby. In steroid production from oocytes of longchin goby, B[a]P at 100 nM decreased testosterone (T) production, B[a]P at 1,000 nM increased estraiol-17 (J (E2) production and 10 and 100 nM increased -dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one () production in the oocytes with diameter 0.8-0.9 mm. B[a]P at 1,000 nM increased E2 production, 100 and 1,000 nM increased production in the oocytes with diameter 0.9-1.0 mm. In steroid production of oocytes from chameleon goby, B[a]P at 1,000 nM increased production. B[a]P at 10 nM increased production. In the ratio of to T (/T), B[a]P at 100 and 1,000 nM increased /T in the oocytes of longchin goby. B[a]P at 100 nM also increased /T in the oocytes of chameleon goby. Taken together, these results suggest that B[a]P have not only weak estrogenic effects but progestogenic effects on oocyte maturation.

옥수수기름의 제조공정 단계별 공정유 및 이 과정에서 발생되는 부산물에 함유되어 있는 B(a)P 함량을 측정하고 이의 제거방안에 대하여 연구하였다. 옥수수기름에서 높은 수준의 B(a)P가 검출되는 원인은 옥수수에 함유되어 있는 B(a)P의 80% 이상이 옥수수 배아에 집중적으로 분포하는데 따른 현상이었다. 이로부터 얻어진 원유를 일반적인 정제공정을 거칠 경우 최종 탈취유에서는 /kg가 검출 되었다. 따라서, 옥수수기름에서 일반적인 정제공정에 의해서

참기름, 들기름에서 벤조피렌의 생성경로 및 감소화 방안을 확립하고자 본 연구를 시도하였다. 산지 및 종류에 따라 다소간의 차이는 있었으나 근본적으로 국내산 및 수입산 참깨, 들깨에는 각각 및 의 벤조피렌이 함유되어 있었다. 이 참깨, 들깨를 에서 20분간 볶은 후에는 각각 및 의 벤조피렌이가 검출되었고, 이를 압착한 후 얻어진 기름 중에서는 각각 및 의 벤조피렌이 검출되었다. 이는 볶음-압착공정을 밀폐형으로 수행할 경우에는 외부의 공기를

Systemic acquired resistance is an important component of the disease resistance repertoire of plants. A novel syntheticchemical, Benzo (1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH), was shown to induce acquired resistance in wheat.BTH prote

The objectives of present study were to investigate the effects of benzo[a]pyrene(BaP) on cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in rat hepatocyte primary culture. Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were incubated for 24 hr, 48 hr or 72 hr in the presence of various concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 50 or 100 μM) of BaP. Cytotoxicity and cell viability were determined by measuring glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) activity, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT) value. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) assay. Effects on antioxidant system were determined by measuring glutathione peroxidase(GPx) activity, glutathione reductase(GR) activity and glutathione concentration. Activities of GOT and LDH, MTT value as well as TBARS concentration were not affected by up to 100 μM of BaP for 24 hr incubation. However, BaP at the concentration of 50 μM for 48 hr incubation or at the concentration of 30 μM for 72 hr incubation began to increase LDH activity and TBARS concentration but decrease MTT value, representing that BaP caused cytotoxicity and decreased cell viability in dose- and time-dependent manners. GPx activity began to be decreased by BaP at the concentration of 50 μM for 72 hr incubation. Whereas, GR activity began to be decreased by BaP at the concentration of 20 μM for 72 hr incubation. Glutathione concentration began to be decreased by BaP at the concentration of 20 μM for 72 hr incubation and was further reduced to 90% by 100 μM of BaP. These results demonstrate that BaP caused cytoctoxicity and decreased cell viability by increasing lipid peroxidation and decreasing glutathione concentration as well as activities of GPx and GR.

The photodegradations of pyrene, chrysene and benzo[a]pyrene that were similar in structure among polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated with a low-pressure mercury lamp(the wavelength of 253.7 nm and UV output of 1.35x10-3 J/s). The optimum concentrations of TiO2 and H2O2 on the photodegradation of pyrene, chrysene and benzo[a]pyrene were 1 g/L and 1.5 x 10-3 M, respectively. By these optimum concentrations, their rates increased with increasing the concentration of TiO2 and H2O2 because the amounts of OH radical formed increased, but for the higher concentrations than the optimum, their rates decreased with increasing those concentrations because the white turbidity phenomena occurs in case of TiO2 and H2O2 acts as an OH radical inhibitor. The photodegradation rates among the photodegradation processes such as UV, UV/TiO2, UV/H2O2, and UV/H2O2/TiO2 decreased in the following sequences: UV/H2O2/TiO2> UV/H2O2> UV/TiO2> UV.

The photodegradation of pyrene, chrysene and benzo[a]pyrene, that were similar in structure among polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were investigated in water irradiated with a low-pressure mercury lamp (wavelength of 253.7nm and UV output of 1.35×10-3J/s). The effects of several factors (t-BuOH, HCO3- and pH) on photodegradation of above three PAHs were also examined. The photodegradation rates of PAHs decreased with increasing the concentration of t-BuOH, but decreased little with increasing the concentration of HCO3- under the concentrations used in this study. The photodegradation rates of PAHs decreased with increasing pH, but their change were greater in case of pH increase from acid to neutral and were little in case of pH increase from neutral to base. The photodegradation rates of PAHs fitted a first-order kinetic model and their photodegradation rates decreased in the following sequences: pyrene>chrysene>benzo[a]pyrene among the PAHs used.