The objectives of this study were to develop calcium enriched menu for the aged and to investigate physicochemical characteristics and consumer acceptances of the menus. four kinds of the menu were developed with emphasis on calcium enriched food materials of red pepper leaves seasoned vegetables for menu1, shrimp for menu2, anchovy for menu3, seaweed for menu4. one portion of calorie, polysaccharide, protein, fats and calcium for the aged were calculated as 567kcal, 92.8g, 21.3g, 12.6g 223.1mg, respectively based on the recommended daily allowances for adults. Calcium content increased in the lowest value of all(p<0.05). The hunter lightness(L) values of barely rice in menu 1, radish soup in menu 1, chopped roast chicken in menu 4 and radish salad in menu 2 had significantly the highest values of all(p<0.05). The calcium enriched menus for the aged were successfully developed and these data could be used as basic informations for the improvement in health and life of the aged.

This present study borrows the framework of action research as a tool for improving the quality of instruction in a university reading comprehension course by reflecting previous and current teaching practices, by incorporating students’ feedback and preferences, and by intervening students’ beliefs and strategy use. In doing so, the study examines the potential effects and problems of strategy-based instruction in the reading comprehension tasks that integrate TETE in collaborative, task-based learning environment. The students were assigned to the training of two different types of strategies in terms of language processing: paraphrasing vs. translation strategies in a TETE class. A total of 107 students from two reading comprehension courses were asked to take a TOEFL and answer a self-report questionnaire both at the beginning and at the end of the semester. While students’ use of metacognitive and cognitive strategies increased significantly, their use of translation strategies and beliefs about translation were persistent to change as the students seemed to regard translation an important tool for reading comprehension. A follow-up interview and course evaluation were also used for triangulating the quantitative findings. It is suggested that the role of L1 in language classes should be revisited and the English-only policy be reconsidered.

  Recently, youth unemployment is not a mere economic problem in Korea. It could be developed into a serious social problem. It has been long since youth unemployment rate was more than double in total unemployment rate, which stood at 3.5 percent in 2005

The limited walking ability after a stroke restricts a patient's independent mobility at home and in the community. It also brings about significant social handicaps. Therefore, it is necessary to improve walking ability in community-dwelling persons with stroke. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of gait training and muscle strengthening exercise of lower extremities in persons with chronic stroke. Nineteen community-dwelling individuals with stroke participated in this program. The exercise program lasted for seven weeks, with a 1-hour program twice per week, and it consisted of balance training, gait training, and strengthening of lower extremities. The outcome of the program was assessed by the gait speed, Wisconsin Gait Scale (WGS), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Stroke Impact Scale (SIS). Significant effects were found for the WGS, BBS, and mobility and hand function domain of the SIS (p<.05). It was found that short-term gait training exercise could improve quality of gait, balance, and mobility. Therefore, a more effective exercise program is required for community-based persons with stroke.

The purpose of this study was to determine the consequence of resistance strengthening exercise on the hip flexor and extensor performed to improve functional mobility in stroke patients more than six months post stroke. Seventeen patients were randomized into two groups. Both groups received conventional physical therapy for six weeks. In addition, the experimental group performed eccentric resistance strengthening exercise in the hip flexor and extensor using an isokinetic dynamometer. The hip flexor and extensor strength, stair up and down mobility, timed get up and go (TUG), 10 m gait velocity, and functional reach were repeatedly measured at baseline, three weeks, and six weeks after treatment. The results were as follows: 1. The experimental group improved more remarkably in the hip flexor and extensor strength, stair up and down mobility, and the 10 m gait velocity after three weeks and six weeks of treatment (p<.05), 2. The control group improved significantly in the hip flexor and extensor strength, and 10 m gait velocity after three weeks of treatment (p<.05), 3. At each three and six week point, the experimental group made greater gains in hip flexor and extensor strength, stair up and down mobility, and 10 m gait velocity than the control group (p<.05). In conclusion, it is desirable to perform resistance strengthening exercises combined with conventional physical therapy to improve functional mobility in chronic stroke patients.

강화도 장화리 니질 조간대의 계절 변화에 따른 지형 변화와 퇴적 환경을 알기 위해서 4개 측선의 지형 변화, 112점의 표층 퇴적물 그리고 2점의 주상 퇴적물을 얻어 퇴적학적 분석과 방사선 동위원소 분석을 수행하였다. 표층 퇴적물은 크게 4가지의 퇴적상 즉, 사질, 니질 사, 사질 니, 실트로 나누어졌다. 장화리 조간대는 겨울철로 갈수록 표층 퇴적상이 조립해지고, 조간대 경사가 급해지는 등 전형적인 계절적 변화가 나타났다. 주상퇴적물에서 전체적인 퇴적상은 실트가 우세하고 분급은 불량하였다. Pb-210 동위원소를 분석한 결과 강화도 조간대의 평균 퇴적속도는 약 5 mm/yr로 나타났다. 또한 주상시료 최상부 퇴적상의 차이는 최근 이 연구 지역의 급격한 퇴적환경 변화를 지시하며, 이는 최근 주변 해역의 대규모 연안 개발 사업과 연관되어있는 것으로 사료된다.

The purpose of this study was to develop protein enriched menu for the aged and running an acceptance test on the protein enriched menu. Four kinds of the menu were developed with emphasis on protein enriched food materials of chicken and beans for menu1, chunggukjang for menu2, pork for menu3, beef and mackerel for menu4. one portion of calorie, polysaccharide, protein and fats for the aged were calculated at 567kcal, 92.8g, 21.3g and 12.6g respectively based on recommended daily allowances for adults. Protein content increased in the menus 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 13.2%, 17.5%, 12.4%, and 13.3%, respectively. In the result of the acceptance test, the cooked rice with black beans and chicken soup of menu1 had significantly the highest acceptance score among the rice and soup groups, respectively (p<0.05). In the side dish, bean curd, cucumber and onion salad in menu1 had relatively higher acceptance scores than the others with significant difference at p<0.05. Overall acceptance of menu 1 had significantly the highest acceptance scores of all. Female showed significantly the higher scores of overall acceptance on menu 2 and 4 than those of male from the t test results of acceptance test.

Muscle weakness in the hemiplegia following stroke is an important factor which determines the quality of life in the future. Therefore, muscle strengthening exercise is essential for functional recovery in hemiplegic patients. Even though the popular conception is that muscle strengthening exercise causes spasticity and associated reaction that hemiplegia patients don't want, and that it disturbs functional recovery, recently there have been many new reports against that opinion. Therefore, the effects of strengthening exercise programs on functional recovery in hemiplegic patients are still controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of strengthening exercise programs for the knee joint using isokinetic exercise on the associated reaction of the upper extremities. Comparing the muscle activities of biceps brachii and triceps brachii during, before, and immediately after 2 and 5 minute intervals of isokinetic exercise, we examined the increase and decrease of associated reaction. Twenty stroke inpatients participated in this study. Surface electromyography was used to get muscle activity data from biceps brachii and triceps brachii. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1. The flexor and extensor peak torque were significantly higher on the sound side than the affected side (p<.05). 2. Before and after strengthening exercise, there was no significant difference in muscle activities (surface electromyographic root mean square values) between the sound and affected side. 3. Muscle activities were examined during, before, and immediately after 2 and 5 minute intervals of isokinetic exercise. There were significant differences in muscle activities between, before and during the exercises, during exercise and 5 minutes after exercise in the biceps brachii (p<.05), and during exercise and 5 minutes after exercise in the triceps brachii (p<.05). In conclusion, there was no relation between strengthening exercise and associated reaction in the upper extremities. Rather, muscle activities after exercise had a tendency to decrease relative to before the exercise. Thus, it is considered that intensive strengthening exercise contributes to improvement of functional recovery without increase in associated reaction in hemiparetic patients.

The alumina dispersion-strengthened (DS) C15715 Cu alloy fabricated by a powder metallurgy route was annealed at temperatures ranging from in the air and in vacuum. The effect of the annealing on microstructural stability and room-temperature mechanical properties of the alloy was investigated. The microstructure of the cold rolled OS alloy remained stable until the annealing at in the air and in vacuum. No recrystallization of original grains occurred, but the dislocation density decreased and newly formed subgrains were observed. The alloy annealed at in the air experienced recrystallization and grain growth took place, however annealing in vacuum at did not cause the microstructural change. The mechanical property of the alloy was changed slightly with the annealing if the microstructure remained stable. However, the strength of the specimen that was recrystallized decreased drastically.