적정법은 화장품 원료 뿐 아니라 많은 화학물질의 분석 및 품질관리에서 많이 사용되는 방법으로 기기분석법이 발달하기 이전에는 대부분의 정량시험이 적정법에 의존하였다. 본 논문에서는 산화-환원 적정법을 이용한 화장품 분석의 이론 및 응용방법을 기술하였다. 대표적인 화장품 분석법으로 요오드가 및 브롬가 측정법을 이용한 원료의 불포화도 분석, 과망간산칼륨 또는 세륨염을 이용한 과산화수소 또는 기타 과산화물의 정량법, 자외선차단제 주성분으로 사용되는 티타늄다이옥사이드의 정량법이 있다.

This study introduces a method to eliminate formaldehyde and benzene, toluene from indoor air by means of a photocatalytic oxidation reaction. In the method introduced, for the good performance of the reaction, the effect and interactions of the TiO2 catalyst and ultraviolet in photocatalytic degradation on the reaction area, dosages of catalysts, humidity and light should be precisely examined and controled. Experiments has been carried out under various intensities of UV light and initial concentrations of formaldehyde, benzene and toluene to investigate the removal efficiency of the pollutants. Reactors in the experiments consist of an annular type Pyrex glass flow reactor and an 11W germicidal lamp. Results of the experiments showed reduction of formaldehyde, benzene and toluene in ultraviolet /TiO2/ activated carbon processes (photooxidation-photocatalytic oxidation-adsorption processes), from 98% to 90%, from 98% to 93% and from 99% to 97% respectively. Form the results we can get a conclusion that a ultraviolet/Tio2/activated carbon system used in the method introduced is a powerful one for th treatment of formaldehyde, benzene and toluene of indoor spaces.

Removal of NOx on CaO/TiO2 photocatalyst manufactured by the addition of Ca(OH)2 was measured in relation with the amount of Ca(OH)2 and calcination temperature. In case of pure TiO2, the NOx removal decreased greatly with the increase of calcination temperature from 500oC to 700oC, whereas in the photocatalyst added with Ca(OH)2, the removed amount of NOx was high and constant regardless of calcination temperature. Considering NOx removal patterns depending on the amount of Ca(OH)2 added(50, 30, 10wt%), high removal rate showed at the photocatalysts containing less than 30wt% of Ca(OH)2, and it was about 30% higher than that of pure TiO2. From the XRD patterns, it is seen that the addition of Ca(OH)2 contributes to maintaining the anatase structure that is favourable to photocatalysis. It also indicates that the possibility of the formation of calcium titanate(CaTiO3) by reacting with TiO2 above 700oC. Apart from the favourable crystalline structure, the addition of Ca(OH)2 helped increase the alkalinity of photocatalyst surface, thus promoting the photooxidation reaction of NOx.

Advanced oxidation processes involving O3/H2O2 and O3/catalyst were used to compare the degradability and the effect of pH on the oxidation of 1,4-dioxane. Oxidation processes were carried out in a bubble column reactor under different pH. Initial hydrogen peroxide concentration was 3.52 mM in O3/H2O2 process and 115 g/L (0.65 wt.%) of activated carbon impregnated with palladium was packed in O3/catalyst column. 1,4-dioxane concentration was reduced steadily with reaction time in O3/H2O2 oxidation process, however, in case of O3/catalyst process, about 50～75% of 1,4-dioxane was degraded only in 5 minutes after reaction. Overall reaction efficiency of O3/catalyst was also higher than that of O3/H2O2 process. TOC and CODCr were analyzed in order to examine the oxidation characteristics with O3/H2O2 and O3/catalyst process. The results of CODCr removal efficiency and ΔTOC/ΔThOC ratio in O3/catalyst process gave that this process could more proceed the oxidation reaction than O3/H2O2 oxidation process. Therefore, it was considered that O3/catalyst advanced oxidation process could be used as a effective oxidation process for removing non-degradable toxic organic materials.

어유에 catechin, 로즈마리 추출물 (Antox1, Antox2, Antox3), carotene, 녹차 추출물 (Gtox) 등을 첨가하여 각각의 항산화력을 rancimat을 이용하여 측정하였으며, synergist외의 상승효과를 측정하였다. 사용된 항산화제 6종 중에서 catechin 500ppm을 첨가한 시료의 induction periods time이 4.35 hr로 control의 0.65 hr보다 3.7 hr의 차이를 보이면서 크게

순무는 초음파 병행 추출을 통하여 60, 100℃에서 모두 추출 수율을 증가시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다. 알코올 분해 효소인 ADH와 Aldehyde 분해 효소인 ALDH의 분해 활성 측정 실험을 통해 순무의 추출물들은 물 일반 추출물보다 초음파 병해 추출물들이 높은 활성을 나타내는 것을 확인하였고 특히 ADH의 활성율 보다 ALDH의 활성이 높게 나타나 알코을 분해 과정의 최종 목적지인 acetic acid와 이산화탄소로의 분해에 순무의 추출물들이 유의적인 활성을 나타내고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 60℃ 열수 추출물은 100℃ 열수 추출물과 비교하여 관능평가 시 높은 점수를 얻었으며 이의 추출물들은 감압농축을 통해 이취의 제거가 이루어져 열수추출 시 유용한 방법으로 평가되었다.

The degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) in water was investigated in laboratory-scale experiments, using five advanced oxidation processes (AOPs): UV/H2O2, fenton, photo-fenton, UV/TiO2, UV/TiO2/H2O2. The photodegradation experiments were carried out in a fluidized bed photoreactor equipped with an immersed 32 W UV-C lamp as light source. Initial decolorization rate and COD removal efficiency were evaluated and compared. The results obtained showed that the initial decolorization rate constant was quite different for each oxidation process. The relative order of decolorization was: photo-fenton > UV/TiO2/H2O2 > fenton > UV/H2O2 > UV/TiO2 > UV > H2O2. The relative order of COD removal was different from decolorization: photo-fenton ≒ UV/TiO2/H2O2 > UV/TiO2 > fenton > UV/H2O2. The photo-fenton and UV/TiO2/H2O2 processes seem to be appropriate for decolorization and COD removal of dye wastewater.

고흥 재래종 마늘의 특성에 대한 자료확보 측면에서 고흥 재래종과 도입종(스페인종 및 대만종) 마늘의 일반성분 함량, 항산화 활성을 조사하였다. 일반성분을 분석한 결과 조회분 함량은 고흥 재래종과 도입종간에 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 그러나 조지방 함량은 스페인종(1.09%), 고흥 재래종 (0.61%), 대만종(0.19%) 순으로, 조단백질 함량은 스페인종(2.25%), 대만종(2.10%), 고흥 재래종(1.75%)순으로 많았다. 조섬유 함량은 고흥 재래종(2.02%), 스페인종(1.79%), 대만종(1.35%) 순으로 많았다. 인편의 건물중 농도 10%에서 DPPH Radical 소거능은 고흥 재래종이 50.2%, 스페인종이 34.6%, 대만종이 32.1%였다. 마늘 외피의 항산화활성은 건물중 2.5%일 때 고흥 재래종은 66.2%, 대만종은 46.4%, 스페인종은 38.4%였다. 인편과 외피의 항산화 활성을 비교한 결과 동일 농도(5%)에서 외피의 항산화능은 인편에 비해 고흥 재래종은 4.6배, 대만종은 5.7배, 스페인종은 3.7배가 높았다. 이와 같이 고흥 재래종 마늘은 항산화 활성 측면에서 우수한 결과를 나타내어 도입종 마늘(대만산과 스페인산)과 차별화 되었다.

Catalytic combustion of toluene was investigated on CuOx/SnO2-ZrO2, CuOx/SnO2, CuOx/ZrO2 catalysts prepared by impregnation. Characteristics of catalysts loaded on binary support and single support were observed by TPR, TPO, XRD, XPS techniques. The results on catalytic combustion showed that binary supports improve the activity of copper in the combustion of toluene. The reason for high catalytic activity on toluene combustion of CuOx/SnO2-ZrO2 catalyst was ascribed to oxidation·reduction activity at low temperatures and stability of oxidation state after reduction.

For the destruction of toxic chlorinated organic compounds, this study proposes improved supercritical water oxidation method (multistep oxidation) using sodium nitrate as an oxidizer. This method solves the problems involved in the existing supercritical water oxidation method. Multistep oxidation means that NaNO3 is oxidized to N2 via NaNO2 and NO. Toxic and hard to destroy organic substances like para-dichlorobenzen(4-DCBz), polychlorinate biphenyl(PCB) ware oxidized to non toxic substances in a condition, in which rapid pressure and temperature rise is restrained as much as possible. 4-dichlorobenzene(4-DCBz) and Polychlorinate biphenyl(PCB) in condition(450℃, pw=0.25g/cm3, 30min) Was discomposed perfectly.

Activity of manganese oxide supported on γ-Al2O3 was increased when cerium was added. Also, cerium-added manganese oxide on γ-Al2O3 was more effective in oxidation of toluene than that without cerium. XRD result, it was observed that MnO2+CeO2 crystalline phases were present in the samples. For the used catalyst, a prominent feature has increased by XPS. TPR/TPO profiles of cerium-added manganese oxide on γ-Al2O3 changed significantly increased at a lower temperature. The activity of 18.2 wt% Mn+10.0 wt% Ce/γ-Al2O3 increased at a lower temperature. The cerium added on the manganese catalysts has effects on the oxidation of toluene.

Catalytic wet oxidation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in water has been conducted using TiO2-supported cobalt oxides at 36oC with a weight hourly space velocity of 7,500 h-1. 5% CoOx/TiO2, prepared by using an incipient wetness technique, might be the most promising catalyst for the wet oxidation although it exhibited a transient behavior in time on-stream activity. Not only could the bare support be inactive for the wet decomposition reaction, but no TCE removal also occurred by the process of adsorption on TiO2 surface. The catalytic activity was independent of all particle sizes used, thereby representing no mass transfer limitation in intraparticle diffusion. XPS spectra of both fresh and used Co surfaces gave different surface spectral features for each CoOx. Co 2p3/2 binding energy for Co species in the fresh catalyst appeared at 781.3 eV, which is very similar to the chemical states of CoTiOx such as Co2TiO4 and CoTiO3. The used catalyst exhibited a 780.3-eV main peak with a satellite structure at 795.8 eV. Based on XPS spectra of reference Co compound, the TCE-exposed Co surfaces could be assigned to be in the form of mainly Co3O4. XRD patterns for 5% CoOx/TiO2 catalyst indicated that the phase structure of Co species in the catalyst even before reaction is quite comparable to the diffraction lines of external Co3O4 standard. A model structure of CoOx present predominantly on titania surfaces would be Co3O4, encapsulated in thin-film CoTiOx species consisting of Co2TiO4 and CoTiO3, which may be active for the decomposition of TCE in a flow of water.

The SBR(Sequencing Batch Reactor) process is ideally suited to treat high loading wastewater due to its high dilution rate. SBR operates by a cycle of periods consisting of filling, reacting, settling, decanting and idling. The react phases such as aeration or non-aeration, organic oxidation, nitrification, denitrification and other biological reactions can be achieved in a reactor. Although the whole reactions can be achieved in a SBR with time distributing, it is hard to manage the SBR as a normal condition without recognizing a present state. The present state can be observed with nutrient sensors such as NH4+-N, NO2--N, NO3--N and PO43--P. However, there is still a disadvantage to use the nutrient sensors because of their high expense and inconvenience to manage. Therefore, it is very useful to use common on-line sensors such as DO, ORP and pH, which are less expensive and more convient. Moreover, the present states and unexpected changes of SBR might be predicted by using of them. This study was conducted to get basic materials for making an inference of SBR process from ORP(oxidation reduction potential) of synthetic wastewater. The profiles of ORP, DO, and pH were under normal nitrification and denitrification were obtained to compare abnormal condition. And also, nitrite and nitrate accumulation were investigated during reaction of SBR. The bending point on ORP profile was not entirely in the low COD/NOx ratio condition. In this case, NOx was not entirely removed, and minimum ORP value was presented over -300mV. Under suitable COD/NOx ratio which complete denitrification was achieved, ORP bending point was observed and minimum ORP value was under -300mV. Under high COD/NOx ratio, ORP bending point was not detected at the first subcycle because of the fast denitrification and minimum ORP value was under -300mV at the time.

In this study, the decomposition of gas-phase TCE, Benzene and Toluene, in air streams by direct UV Photolysis and UV/TiO2 process was studied. For direct UV Photolysis, by regressing with computer calculation to the experimental results the value of reaction rate constant k of TCE, Toluene and Benzene in this work were determined to be 0.00392s-1, 0.00230s-1 and 0.00126s-1, respectively. And the adsorption constant K of TCE, Toluene and Benzene in this work were determined to be 0.0519mol-1 ,0.0313mol-1 and 0.0084mol-1, respectively. For UV/TiO2 system by regressing with computer calculation to the experimental results the value of reaction rate constant k of TCE, Toluene, and Benzene in this work were determined to be 5.74g/ℓ․min, 3.85g/ℓ․min, and 1.18g/ℓ․min, respectively. And the catalyst adsorption constant K of TCE, Toluene, and Benzene in this work were determined to be 0.0005m3/mg, 0.0043m3/mg and 0.0048m3/mg, respectively.

The aim of this study is, firstly, to find out what kinds of inorganic species are produced in the photocatalytic oxidation of ammonium-nitrogen containing water and, secondly, to seek the influence of anion for the photocatalytic oxidation of ammonium contained compounds. The photoenergy above 3 eV(λ＜415 nm) was effectively absorbed by TiO2 and TiO2/polymer was used to be oxidized NH4-N in wastewater to NO3-N. Existing the anion as Cl-, the rate of photocatalytic oxidation decreased regardless of other condition. This result showed that the chloride ions reduced the rate of oxidation by scavenging oxidizing radical species as OH- and OCl-. Some of the added ion might have blocked the active sites of the catalyst surface, thus deactivated the catalyst.

One of the Musty and earthy smell compounds in raw water is generally attributed to 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB). It is well known that activated carbon and oxidants such as O3, ClO2 are effective ways to control 2-MIB. In isotherm equilibrium experiments, 2-MIB in distilled water was much more adsorbed to the activated carbon(A/C) than raw water containing dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The Freundlich constants(k) of distilled water and raw water were 3.36 and 0.049, and 1/n values were 0.80 and 0.42, respectively. The 2-MIB residual rate were Y = e-0.55x～ e-0.54x with Ozone(O3) dose by 5 minutes contact time at the 241 and 353 ng/L initial concentrations. The 2-MIB residual rate were Y = e-0.32x～ e-0.35x with Chlorine dioxide(ClO2) dose by 15 minutes contact time at the 89 and 249 ng/L initial concentrations. 2-MIB was decreased from 1911 ng/L to 569ng/L by post-ozonation(70%removal efficiency) and removal efficiencies of 2-MIB by the following 4 kinds Granular Activated Carbon(GAC) process such as coal base, coconut base, wood base and zeolite+carbon base were 95.8, 89.5, 88.4, and 93.7% respectively.