그 동안 각종 IMO 협약의 채택에도 불구하고 인명 및 해양환경에 관련된 대형 선박사고가 발생하는 것은 기국이 의무를 충실히 이행하고 있지 않고 이로 인하여 IMO 협약들이 효과적으로 이행되지 않기 때문이다. 특히, 기국 중 해당 선박과 기국 간에 진정한 연계가 없는 기국에서는 자국 내 해사안전 및 환경보호를 담당할 인적, 구조적 조직이 잘 정비되어 있지 않기 때문에 협약의 이행이 제대로 이루어 지지 않고 있다. 이와 같은 배경으로 IMO에서는 2003년 11월 제23차 총회에서 자발적 회원국 감사제도에 관한 결의서 A.946(23)이 채택되었고, 동 제도는 2009년 11월 총회 결의서 A.1018(26)의 채택으로 2015년에 강제화 될 예정이다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 IMO 회원국 감사제도의 개요와 동 제도의 감사기준으로 사용하고 있는 강제협약 이행코드를 살펴보았다. 또한 2015년 회원국 감사제도의 강제화에 따른 당사국의 의무와 책임에 대해 검토하였다. 이를 중심으로 우리나라의 해기교육기관이 회원국 감사제도의 강제화에 선제적으로 대응하기 위한 해기 교육 강화방안을 제안하였다.

본 연구는 어류서식 적합도 향상을 위한 하천구조 개선 방안을 위한 연구이다. 이를 위해 대상하천의 유역 및 수중환경조사와 어류의 군집특성 결과를 이용하여 건전한 수중 생태계를 대표할 수 있는 복원 목표어종으로 참갈겨니를 선택하였다. PHABSIM을 이용한 검증결과 유속과 수심에 대한 적합지수 향상을 위한 저수로 폭의 변화는 대상어종의 서식적합도 향상을 가져왔음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 서식적합지수 향상을 위한 저수로 폭의 변화는 일관성 있는 서식적합도의 향상을 나타내지 못함을 확인하였다. Genetic Algorithm을 이용하여 대상하천의 서식적합도 개선을 위한 주어진 유지유량에 따른 하천 구간별 유속, 수심을 고려한 저수로 폭의 최적 방안을 제시하였다. 저수로 단면 구조개선의 방안 제시는 수계환경개선을 위한 각종 사업에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

저항성 황화광물 정광으로부터 최적의 gold를 용출시키기 위하여 염소-차아염소산 용액과 다양한 온도와 농도를 소금소성정광에 적용하였다. 정광은 황철석, 황동석, 방연석으로 구성되었으며, 공기 중에서 750℃ 소성처리하자 적철석으로 변환되었고, 소금으로 소성처리하자 적철석과 난토카이트(nantokite, CuCl)으로 변환되었다. 다양한 변수로 용출실험을 수행한 결과, 염소-차아염소산 나트륨 혼합 비율 1 : 2에서, FeCl3 첨가량 1.0 M에서, 광액농도 1.0%에서, 그리고 용출온도 60℃에서 최대의 금 용출율을 얻었다. 금 용출율은 정광에서보다 소성정광에서 더 높게 용출되었고, 소성정광에서보다 소금소성정광에서 더 높게 용출되었다. XRD 분석 결과, 소금소성정광에서, 그리고 60℃의 염소-차아염소산 용출용액 고체 잔유물에서 석영이 관찰되었다.

대류권의 건조가스 및 수증기에 의한 GPS 신호의 지연은 GPS 측위 정확도를 저하시키는 주요 원인으로 정밀 측위를 위해서 반드시 소거해야할 대상이다. 이 논문에서는 실시간으로 대류권 지연정보를 생성하여 GPS 측위에 적용하기 앞서, 대류권 지연정보 생성 알고리즘의 가용성을 파악하기 위해 후처리 기반으로 전국의 GPS 상시관측망을 이용하여 한반도 상공의 대류권 지연량 격자 지도를 생성하는 과정을 구현하였다. GPS 자료처리 소프트웨어는 GIPSY 5.0을 사용하였고, 건조지연량과 습윤지연량을 구분하여 산출하기 위해 전국의 AWS 관측망의 관측자료를 이용하였다. 대류권 지연정보에 대한 격자 지도를 생성한 후 격자 지도의 정확도를 검증한 결과, 격자 지도와 GPS 관측소 위치에서 산출된 대류권 지연량의 RMSE는 ZHD 0.7mm, ZWD 7.5mm, ZTD 8.7mm로 나타났다. 산출된 대류권 지연정보를 단일주파수 기반 상대 측위 알고리즘에 적용하여 대류권 지연정보 보정시 측위정확도 향상 정도를 분석하였다. 결과로 측위정확도는 기선거리가 약 297km인 수원(SUWN)과 목포(MKPO)의 상대처리 결과에서 최대 36%가 향상됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

This study was carried out to investigate solid-state fermentation method using cellulolytic lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum TO-2100 in order to increase piperidine alkaloid contents in mulberry leaves. Piperidine alkaloid, one type of which include 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ), is known to inhibit α-glycosidase activities. Using this strain, the optimal solid-state fermentation conditions on mulberry leaves powder were found as the following: initial moisture content, temperature and relative humidity were 20%, 30~35℃ and 60 ~ 70%, respectively, and the fermentation time was 72 hrs. The piperidine alkaloid contents in the fermented mulberry leaves were 2.86% on dry powder, which is 7-fold increase from that of non-fermented mulberry leaves. The 1-deoxynojirimycin contents after applying preparative thin layer chromatography were 2.02% on dry powder, which is 8 times higher than that of non-fermented mulberry leaves. α-Glycosidase activities was inhibited by 65.7 ~ 84.7% with 3 ~ 5% treatments of hot-water extracts of the fermented mulberry leaves, compared to 16.2 ~ 40.2% with 3 ~ 5% treatments of hot-water extracts of non-fermented mulberry leaves. Therefore, the results suggest that solid-state fermentation method does indeed increase of piperidine alkaloid contents on mulberry leaves.

The objective of this study is to develop the reinforcing design method of the NPP (nuclear power plant)'s steel plate concrete (SC) wall for enhancement of impact resistance capacity under the aircraft and missile impact loading considered in the design of NPP's facilities. This study investigated the effects of the several parameters that can affect impact resistance capacity of SC wall using finite element analysis method.(e.g., thickness of concrete and steel plate, material strength of concrete and steel, and other reinforcing design method).

The aim of this research is to enhance the bottom environment of Geoje fish farm that has been severely contaminated. Treatment of microbial agent and/or calcium oxide significantly changed that environment: in ignition loss, either treatment (25% or 21%)showed better than mixed treatment (13.2%). In COD, the oxygen releasing agent or mixed treatment reduced the index by more than 20%. In T-P and T-N, the effects of CaO2 on them were overwhelming (50% or more) meanwhile that of the microbial agent on them was less than 20%. Also, CaO2 influenced on the microbial flora: Desulfobvibrio thermophilus, a sulfate reducing bacterium decreased in number, considering the increase of pH and rise of redox potential. In contrast, Pseudomonas sp., Pseudoalteromonas sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa were remarkably dominant over other species with mixed treatment as a PCA analysis confirmed it.

국내 최초로 대규모 항만재개발이 추진되고 있는 부산북항재개발 사업에서도 항만도시의 경쟁력을 위해 국가차원에서의 경관계획을 반영하고 있으며, 해양도시 이미지 개선 및 가치향상의 과정에서 고유의 자연, 역사, 문화적 자원과 함께 각종시설, 건축물, 상징물, 생태녹지대의 상황과 특성에 맞는 경관조성에 노력을 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 먼저 부산의 경관의 특성을 분석하고, 부산시도시디자인계획(2010), 특히 색채계획과 해외의 경관색채계획의 사례조사를 수행하였다. 이를 통해 부산북항재개발 사업에서 색채계획을 반영한 경관조성방안을 다루었으며, 그 결과는 향후 다른 재개발사업에서 기초자료로 활용 할 수 있으리라 판단된다.

The transport of radioactive material by sea is strictly governed by the international regulatory regime which is established by both IAEA and IMO. Nonetheless, although the current regime is well established, due to catastrophic results of potential accident, it is essential to keep identifying areas where further enhancement is necessary. This paper reviews the current regulatory regime governing sea transport, such as IAEA Regulations, IMDG Code and INF Code. Then, specific requirements of the INF Code are analyzed for the purpose of identifying areas where improvement is necessary from the perspective of ships. Through this analysis, this paper identifies areas to be improved and proposes to improve the INF Code which can supplement the current regulatory regime for sea transport of radioactive material.

In general, stepwise hot steaming process is known to be effective in improving its biological activities; however, not much employed in processing Codonopsis lanceolata due to its hardness. In this study, C. lanceolata was first pretreated with warm water at 50℃ and 60℃ for two hours, then steamed for 3 hours. Antioxidant activities of 70% ethanol extracts were compared with the extract from the water solvent: 41.58% vs 8.98% of DPPH radical scavenging activity in adding 1.25mg/ml of steamed extract and water extract, respectively. Reducing power of steamed and fresh C. lanceolata were also measured as 1.39 and 0.71. Total poly phenolic of the steamed extract was estimated as 12.11mg/g, compared to 3.98mg/g fresh C. lanceolata. Total flavonoid contents were also obtained as 11.48mg/g, compared to 7.11mg/g of fresh C. lanceolata. In comparing phenolic acids profiles in the extract, in general higher amounts of gallic acid, trans-ferulic acid, vanillic acid were obtained possibly by easy release of active components during thermal processing, which results in better antioxidant activities than that of water extract. This findings can also be supported by result that the ethanol extract showed better activities than the water extract.

Several tests and experimental work have been done for identifying the best growth conditions and accumulated amount of lipid moiety in B. braunii, a microalga(UTEX 572) in terms of media composition. The specific growth rate was found to be the highest at 0.15 g/L-day when the phosphorus concentration was doubled with the other ingredients at the normal level. Experiments for varied media compositions revealed that the accumulation of lipid was the highest at 48% (dry cell weight based) in the nitrogen deficient medium and its corresponding specific growth rate was comparative to that in the normal BG 11 medium. In the bubble column experiments, carbon dioxide containing air produced four times more cell mass than air only. Light and glucose addition also enhanced cell mass with maximum, 1.8 g/L and accordingly 42% of lipid composition, which turned out to be a better strategy for higher lipid-producing microalgal culture.

최근 국제해사기구에서 추진하고 있는 e-navigation은 선박의 안전운항을 위한 다양한 서비스를 지향하고 있다. 이에 따라, 해양 분야에 다양한 소프트웨어 개발이 기대되고 있으며, 동시에 그 품질의 중요성이 높아지고 있다. 이 논문에서는 소프트웨어의 품질 향상의 실험을 위해, 기존 AIS중개서버 프로그램에 소프트웨어 리팩토링(refactoring) 기법을 적용하였으며, 그 효과를 분석하였다. 리팩토링은 소프트웨어를 소스 코드 수준에서 구조의 복잡성을 줄여서, 이해하기 쉽고 기능 변경이 용이한 상태로 변경하는 기법이다. 이를 통해, 겉으로 보이는 동작의 변화는 없이 내부구조가 변경된다. 리팩토링 적용 효과 분석을 위해서, IEC/ISO 9126 소프트웨어 품질표준의 유지보수성과 관련된 기존 메트릭의 산술적 측정기법을 도입했다.

This study compared the contents of low molecular ginsenoside according to fermentation process in low grade fresh ginseng. Low grade fresh ginseng was directly inoculated with a 24 h seed culture of Bifidobacterium Longum B6., Lactobacillus casei., and incubated at 36℃ for 72 h. Bifidobacterium Longum B6 was specifically was found to show the best growth on 3,255×106 CFU/ml after 48 h of fermentation. The content of ginsenoside Rb1, Re and Rd were decreased with the fermentation but ginsenoside Rh2 and Rg2 increased after fermentation process. In the case of low molecular ginsenoside conversion yields were 56.07% of Rh2, 12.03% of Rg3 and 77.11% of Rg2, respectively. In addition, compound-K was irregular conversion yield as long as 72 h of fermentation. This results indicate that fermentation process could increase the low molecular ginsenoside in low grade fresh ginseng.

This study was performed to enhance antifungal activity of anthracnose in chili pepper by nanopaticles of thiamine di-lauryl sulfate (TDS) through high pressure homogenization process. Yield of TDS was 79.14% by reaction of thiamine hydrochloride and sodium lauryl sulfate. TDS nanopaticle solution was manufactured through high pressure homogenization process. The turbidity of nanoparticles solution was increased with increasing the concentration of TDS, and nanoparticles solution of 100 ppm was showed the highest turbidity with absorbance of 3.212. The size of nanoparticles solution was measured as average 258.6 nm by DLS. Nanoparticles solution of 100 ppm showed growth inhibition activity with higher than about 80% compared to the control group against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Finally, nanoparticles solution was increased effectively the penetration of the TDS nanopaticles on attached cell membrane of hyphae and started to destruct the cells under microscope observation. Consequently, we suggested that the TDS nanoparticle solution by high pressure homogenization process might be suitable biochemical pesticides for improving the antifungal activities against anthracnose in pepper.

In this study, we investigated antioxidant activities and whitening effects of Acer mono sap by encapsulation of nanoparticles. Acer mono sap was through ultra high pressure process and then encapsulated by lecithin. Nano-encapsulated The nanoparticles of Acer mono sap showed highest free radical scavengering effect as 89.7% in adding sample (1.0 mg/ml), compared to sap of non-encapsulation. It was showed strong inhibition effect on melanin production test by Clone M-3 cells as 47.8%. High inhibitory of tyrosinase was also measured as 85.8% by adding lecithin nano-particle of 1.0 mg/ml. The nano-particles also showed 14.8% of low cytotoxicity against human normal fibroblast cells in adding 1.0 mg/ml of the highest concentration. These results indicate that Acer mono sap may be a source of cosmetic agents capable of improving whitening effect and antioxidant activites.

본 연구는 배드민턴 선수를 대상으로 배드민턴 경기력에 영향을 미치는 신체요인에 대한 지각 경향성을 탐색할 목적으로 진행하였다. 배드민턴 경기력 결정 신체요인 추출을 위해 배드민턴 선수 및 지도자 59명을 대상으로 개방형설문을 시행하였으며, 개방형설문 결과를 토대로 58명의 선수를 대상으로 경기력 결정 신체요인에 대한 자기평가와 타인평가를 진행하였다. 개방형설문 결과, 배드민턴 경기력에 영향을 미치는 신체요인은 신장, 팔길이, 다리길이, 발목둘레, 손크기 등의 체격 요인과, 하체근력, 복근, 허리근력, 어깨근력, 악력, 순발력, 지구력, 신체유연성, 손목유연성 등의 체력 요인 등 총 14개 요인이 추출되었다. 개방형설문을 통해 추출된 체격 및 체력요인에 대한 자기평가와 타인평가 결과, 규칙성은 나타나지 않았지만 선수는 체격요인에서 자신을 높게 평가하는 반면, 체력요인에서 타인을 높게 평가하는 경향이 있다. 배드민턴 선수의 체격과 체력 지각 편향 확인 결과, 선수는 자신의 체력보다 타인의 체력을 높게 지각하는 자기겸양 편향을 보이는데, 이는 겸손을 미덕으로 생각하는 우리나라 문화적 특성을 반영한 인상관리 전략인 동시에 체력을 통해 자신의 능력을 강화하려는 자기구실 만들기의 일환으로 해석된다. 이처럼 타인의 신체조건이 배드민턴에 적합하다고 생각하는 자기겸양 편향은 자신의 능력을 강화 및 보호하려는 자기고양 전략으로 판단된다. 향후 자기평가와 타인평가를 비교하는 사회비교 접근을 통한 자기지각과 타인지각의 매커니즘에 관심이 이어지기를 기대해본다.

This study was performed to enhance anticancer activities of Lithospermum erythrorhizon by eluting high amount of shikonin through ultra high pressure process. Extraction yield was increased up to 5~10% by ultra high pressure process, compare to the normal extraction processes such as water solvent extraction, 70% ethyl alcohol solvent extraction. The cytotoxicity of the extracts (1.0μg/ml) from ultra high pressure process was showed the lowest cytotoxicity 13.4% for human lung cell (HEL299). The anticancer activities showed 80~85% by adding 1.0μg/ml of the extracts from ultra high pressure process in several cancer cell lines such as AGS, Hep3B, MCF-7 and HeLa cells. Among them, MCF-7 cell of the endocrine system was highest inhibited than other cells. The anticancer activities of the extracts from ultra high pressure extraction process showed 10~15%, which was higher than the extracts from normal extraction processes. From HPLC analysis of the extracts, the contents of shikonin in the extracts from ultra high pressure process was 11.42% (w/w), which was 20% higher than others. This results indicate that ultra high pressure process could increase the extraction yield of shikonin and other contents, which resulted in higher anticancer activities.

In this study, whitening activity of Lithospermum erythrorhizon extracts were investigated according to several extraction processes: water extraction at 100℃ (WE100) and 60℃ (WE60), 70% ethyl alcohol extraction (EE) and ultra high pressure extraction (HPE) at 500 MPa for 30 minutes at 60℃. The extracts from ultra high pressure extraction showed the highest tyrosinase inhibition and melanogenesis inhibition activities as 52% and 79.5%, respectively, in adding 1mg/ml than others extraction processes. HPE extracts also showed the strong reducing power as 3.19 that absorbance at 450 mm. The contents of polyphenol in WE100, we measured as 10.1μg/ml in adding 1mg/ml. Extracts have a high total flavonoid contents by HPE as 4.1μg/ml at 1mg/ml. We can conclude that better whitening activity of extracts from high pressure extraction was due to high antioxidant activities which could be extracted by higher polyphenol and flavonoid contents in HPE than others.

This study was performed to investigate the enhancement of cosmeceutical activities of Berberis koreana bark by different extraction processes. The extracts are WE (water extract at 100℃, control), USE (ultrasonification for 1 hours at 60℃ with water), HPE (high pressure for 5 minutes at 60℃ with water) and USE + HPE (ultrasonification process for 1 hours after high pressure for 5 minutes at 60℃ with water), respectively. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was in the range of 24.02~26.94% at 1.0 mg/ml concentration. The USE + HPE showed the lowest cytotoxicity. Compared to the WE, total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the USE + HPE increased to 121.5% and 154.2%. The USE + HPE showed the highest activity at 1.0 mg/ml concentration in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, inhibition activity of xanthine oxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like test, respectively. Tyrosinase inhibition of WE, USE, HPE and USE + HPE at 1.0 mg/ml concentration was measured as 17.72, 19.62, 22.83 and 24.16%, respectively. Hyaluronidase inhibition activities of the USE + HPE were higher than 20.8%~29.5% of the WE. Our results suggested that the extracts from ultrasonification process after high pressure extraction has relatively high cosmeceutical activities, and that the bark of Berberis koreana could be considered as a candidate of new functional cosmetic agents.