본 연구에서는 고압 환경에서 합성된 결정 입자의 크기에 원시료(starting materials)의 상(phase)이 미치 는 영향을 확인했다. 상이 다른 두 가지 원시료인 비정질 시료와 나노파우더 시료를 이용해 알루미늄이 부화된 고 압의 환원환경에서 삼원계 시스템인 브리지마나이트-페리클레이스-칼슘 페라이트(calcium ferrite)상의 MgAl2O4을 합성했다. 시료는 40 GPa 2000 K의 압력온도 조건에서 20 시간 동안 가열하여 합성했다. 합성된 시료는 비정질 시료를 이용한 경우 입자 크기가 50-200 nm였으며, 나노파우더를 이용한 경우 ~500 nm로 나타났다. 이러한 차이 는 1) 시료가 합성된 2000 K의 온도가 낮아 비정질 시료의 경우 결정 성장보다 결정핵 성장이 더 우세하게 나타 났거나 2) 시료에 존재할 수 있는 산화 환원반응 상태의 차이로 생각된다. 추후 다원계 시스템에 대한 고압 실험을 수행할 때 비정질 시료보다 나노파우더를 원시료로 이용하는 것이 결정 성장에서 더 유리할 것으로 생각된다.

As a herbal supplement, Dioscorea batatas Decne (DBD) presents potent antioxidant activity and diverse health benefits. In the present study, functions of a 30 kDa glycoprotein isolated from DBD (hereafter, DBD glycoprotein) in the regulation of feed efficiency and fecal malodor in mice were explored. DBD glycoprotein produced protective effect against cytotoxicity induced by the ecotoxicological endocrine-disrupting substance bisphenol A in gastrointestinal epithelial HT-29 cells. To investigate its potential roles in the regulation of feed efficiency and fecal malodor, mice were administered an oral injection of DBD glycoprotein for 2 weeks. Compared with the control values, the weight of internal organs (liver, heart, kidney, and spleen) and levels of glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, and lactic dehydrogenase were not significantly changed during DBD glycoprotein administration for 2 weeks. Interestingly, DBD glycoprotein improved feed efficiency and reduced hydrogen sulfide concentration without altering the ammonia level in mouse feces. Collectively, these results indicate that DBD glycoprotein is a functional agent that exerts gastrointestinal protective effects against ecotoxicological substances, improves feed efficiency, and reduces fecal malodor.

Jeju Special Self-Governing Province has implemented a self-governing environmental impact assessment system (Jeju-EIAS) in recognition of its autonomy. In this study, the institutional features of Jeju-EIAS were examined by analyzing the development projects whose consultation under Jeju-EIAS were completed from 1994 to 2019. The consultation procedure of Jeju-EIAS, such as the actual operation of Review Committee for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), the consent of the provincial council, and the regular follow-up activities for the implementation of EIA consultations, has been implemented differently from those of other metropolitan cities and provinces. Under Jeju-EIAS, types of development projects subject to consultation on EIA also take into account local conditions, and include the construction of aquarium basin and building. In addition, provisions concerning the scale of development projects is strengthened above the Korean Environmental Impact Assessment Act (EIA Act).

본 연구는 사립유치원교사의 셀프리더십과 행복감이 이직의도에 미치는 영향에서 근무환경의 매개효과를 규명하기 위해 실시되었다. 강원도와 경기도, 경상도에 소재한 사립유치원에 재직 중인 261명의 교사를 대상으로 인터넷 및 우편, 직접 방문을 통한 설문조사를 진행하였는데, 셀프리더십 질문지, 행복감 질문지, 이직의도 질문지, 근무환경 질문지를 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 25.0과 AMOS 25.0 통계프로그램을 사용하여 분석하였으며, 결과처리를 위해 빈도와 백분율 산출, 신뢰도 검증, 적률상관분석, 경로분석과 Sobel test를 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 사립유 치원교사의 셀프리더십과 이직의도의 관계에서 근무환경은 완전매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사립유치원교사의 행복감과 이직의도의 관계에서 근무환경은 완전매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 통해 사립유치원교사의 이직의도를 낮출 수 있는 다양한 방안과 보다 질 높은 근무환경을 모색하기 위한 기초자료를 제시하였다는데 연구의 의의가 있다.

This study was initiated to isolate the microorganisms removing phosphorus (P) from domestic sewage and to investigate the effects of environmental factors on the growth and P removal of the isolated bacteria. Microorganisms isolated from the sewage were identified as Chryseobacterium sp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Bacillus licheniformis. Among them, Bacillus licheniformis was selected as the P removal microorganism. The environmental factors considered in this study included initial phosphorus concentration, temperature, pH, and carbon source. At initial P concentrations of 10, 20, and 30 mg/L, the P removal efficiencies were 100.0%, 84.0%, and 16.5%, respectively. At 20°C, 30°C, and 40°C, the P removal efficiencies were 0%, 75.8%, and 60.6%, respectively. The removal efficiencies of phosphorus according to pH were 1.6%, 91.7%, and 51.1% at pH 5, pH 7, and pH 9, respectively. Using glucose, acetate, and glucose + acetate as carbon sources yielded P removal efficiencies of 80.9%, 33.6%, and 54.1%, respectively. Therefore, the results from the study demonstrated that the P removal efficiencies of Bacillus licheniformis were the highest when the initial P concentration, temperature, pH, and carbon source were 10 mg/L, 30°C, 7, and glucose, respectively.

With global warming and the rapid increase in urbanization accompanied by a concentration of population, the urban heat island effects (UHI) have become an important environmental issue. In this study, rooftop greening and permeable asphalt pavement were selected as measures to reduce urban heat island and applied to a simple virtual urban environment to simulate temperature change using ENVI-met. A total of five measures were tested by dividing the partial and whole area application of each measure. The results showed that the temperature range of the base experiment is 33.11-37.11 ℃, with the UTCI comfort level described as strong heat and very strong heat stress. A case applied permeable asphalt has a greater temperature difference than a rooftop greening case, the larger the area where each condition was applied, the greater the temperature change was.

전통 회화 및 단청용 채색 안료 중 녹색을 표현하기 위해 사용된 동록안료의 재료과학적 특성 및 안정성을 알아보기 위하여 염화동(Atacamite), 초산동(Verdigris) 2종의 안료를 이용하여 평가를 진행하였다. 구성광물 분석 결과, K-AA는 아타카마이트(Atacamite)가 주요 구성광물로 천연 광물성 재료로 확인되고 K-VA 는 호가나이트(Hoganite)로 확인되었다. 동록안료의 안정성을 저해하는 요인을 찾고자 UV 노출, CO2/NO2 가스부식 및 염수분사 시험 등의 분석을 실시하였다. 색상 안정성을 가장 크게 저해하는 요인은 두 안료 모두 염수분사 시험으로 시료 표면에 염생성물이 생성되어 변질되는 등 손상이 가중되었다. 또한 대기오염물질인 NO2의 영향도 두 안료 모두 육안으로 인지될 정도로 색이 변하여 주요 손상 요인으로 작용되는 것으로 판단 된다. 특히 K-VA의 경우 K-AA와는 달리 UV 노출 평가 후 녹색에서 흑색으로 변하면서 본래의 색상을 완전히 잃어리는 것으로 K-VA의 주성분인 Hoganite가 UV 노출 후 Tenorite로 물질이 변했기 때문으로 판단된다. 두 안료의 대기환경 영향 평가 결과, K-AA에 비해 K-VA이 대기환경 영향에 상대적으로 취약한 모습을 보였다.

This study presents meteorological data integrity to improve environmental quality assessment in Yongdam catchment. The study examines both extreme ranges of meteorological data measurements and data reliability which include maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity, dew point temperature, radiation, heat flux. There were some outliers and missing data from the measurements. In addition, the latent heat flux and sensible heat flux data were not reasonable and evapotranspiration data did not match at some points. The accuracy and consistency of data stored in a database for the study were secured from the data integrity. Users need to take caution when using meteorological data from the Yongdam catchment in the preparation of water resources planning, environmental impact assessment, and natural hazards analysis.

Ulmus davidiana Nakai (UDN) has been traditionally used as a herbal medicine in Korea. In the present study, we investigated the anti-ecotoxic potential of a 116 kDa glycoprotein isolated from UDN (UDN glycoprot ein) in regulating fecal malodor and feed efficiency in mice. We found that UDN glycoprotein (200 μg/ml) has an inhibitory effect on the cell death induced by an ecotoxicological endocrine disrupting chemical, bisphenol A, in colon epithelial HT-29 cells. UDN glycoprotein did not show significant differences regarding the weight of ecotoxicity-related organs (liver, heart, kidneys, and spleen) and the levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase in mice for 2 weeks, compared to the control. Additionally, UDN glycoprotein reduced the levels of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia as markers of fecal malodor in mice. Interestingly, UDN glycoprotein can improve the mouse feed efficiency. In conclusion, our data indicate that anti-ecotoxicological UDN glycoprotein has the ability to increase the feed efficiency and reduce the fecal malodor by maintaining the viability of colonic epithelial cells in mice.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of perceived walking environment around neighborhood on satisfaction for old adults in Daegu. The study was conducted using 407 questionnaires were collected through the survey. The walking environment was categorized into accessibility to neighborhood walking facilities and walking environment around path. Regarding perception of walking accessibility, access to ‘public transit stops’ and to ‘medical facilities’ was relatively high. For walking environment, ‘pavement condition’, ‘continuity of sidewalk’, and ‘slope of sidewalk’ were rated relatively high. Multiple regression analysis after factor analysis of walking environment variables showed that religious and convenient facilities, park and leisure facilities, and medical and welfare facilities had a significant effect on satisfaction in walking accessibility. For walking environment the convenience for walking, safety for walking, and amenities for walking had a significant effect on satisfaction. The findings from this study can be used for improving the walking environment for old adults.

타이어 마모입자는 자동차의 주행 중, 도로와의 마찰에 의해 타이어 고무 입자와 도로 먼지와의 혼합형태로 발생하게 된다. 생성된 타이어 마모입자는 다양한 환경 요인(햇빛, 바람, 빗물)과 이동 과정을 통해 환경과 인간에 영향을 미칠 수 있다고 보고 된다. 본 연구에서는 타이어 마모입자에 의한 환경과 인체 영향에 대한 정확한 사실을 알리고자, 타이어 산업체 그룹의 연구 결과를 활용하여, 미세먼지 내 타이어 마모입자의 기여와 영향을 소개하고, 친환경타이어 개발 에 관한 연구 사례를 제시하고자 한다.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different compositions of environmental substrates on hydroponic tomato cultivation. Three different substrates were used in coir chip:dust (v/v=50:50; CP1), coir chip:dust (v/v=80:20; CP2), and rock wool cube with CP2 (CPR). The amount of irrigation during the cultivation period was 190 mL/(plant·time) in all substrates. The pH and EC were 5.8-6.2 and 2.6-2.9 dS/m, respectively. The drainage rate in CP1 was 31%, in CP2 was 36%, and in CPR was 29%. The growth of tomato plants in terms of height was higher in CP1 and CPR. The leaf area was greater in CP2. The fresh and dry weights were greater in CP2 and CPR treatments. The net photosynthesis in CP2 (19.31 μmol CO2/m2s) and root activity in CP2 were higher among all three treatments. The soluble solid content of fruit was not significantly different among treatments. The yield per plant in CP2 and CPR treatments was 17% greater than the yield per plant in CP1. Therefore, the most suitable substrate for hydroponic tomato cultivation is the substrate mixed with coir chip:dust (v:v=80:20; CP2), i.e., CPR.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary Hermetia illucens powder on duck litter quality. One hundred twenty Pekin ducks (0 day old) were assigned to 2 groups (0% and 0.5% Hermetia illucens powder) with 3 replicates (20 ducks per replicate) for 42 days. Duck litter quality included moisture, pH, VBN, total nitrogen, ammonia, and temperature. Litter pH and VBN values were significantly affected by Hermetia illucens powder (p<0.05). However, moisture and total nitrogen values were not greatly influenced by the addition of 0.5% Hermetia illucens powder (p>0.05). At 21, 28 and 35 days, both 0.5% Hermetia illucens powder and controls had a great effect (p<0.05) on ammonia contents, except at 7, 14 and 42 days. In comparison to control, ammonia contents in groups with 0.5% Hermetia illucens powder were reduced from 16.9 to 41.8% as the days increased. Duck litter showed lower temperature by 0.5% Hermetia illucens powder compare to control. In terms of environmental managements, these results suggest that using 0.5% Hermetia illucens powder as feed additives improved litter quality and decreased ammonia contents.

본 연구는 최근 급부상하는 OTT(Over The Top, 온라인 동영상 서비스) 환경을 기반으로 많이 사랑받고 있는 뮤직비디오의 이용동기가 무엇인지 살펴보고 이용동기와 만족도 간, 이용동기와 지속적 이용의도 간에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 확인하고자 실시하게 되었다. 연구결과 뮤직비디오 이용동기는 ‘가수 선호’, ‘즐거움 추구’, ‘시간보내기’, ‘몰입성’, ‘영상 선호’ 라는 5개의 요인이었다. 뮤직비디오 이용동기가 수용자에게 미치는 효과를 확인한 결과는 뮤직비디오 이용동기 중 시간보내기를 제외한 4개 요인이 만족도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었고, 지속적 이용의도도 시간보내기를 제외한 4개 요인이 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 이상의 연구결과를 토대로 향후 뮤직비디오 연구에 조금이나마 기여할 수 있기를 기대한다.

Curcumin (C21H20O6) is a hydrophobic polyphenol found in turmeric. Although curcumin has been used as a natural medicine, its major limitation is related to poor absorption from the gut. Therefore, we developed a method for preparation of Curcumin Nanospheres (CN) to improve the aqueous-phase solubility of curcumin and investigate the functional role of CN in promoting feed efficiency and odor reduction in mice. CN showed inhibitory effects on actate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity induced by ecotoxic substance toluene in gut epithelial HCT116 cells. In addition, the weights of internal organs (liver, heart, kidneys, and spleen) and the levels of serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (GOT), Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT), and LDH did not show significant differences between mice administered oral CN for two weeks and compared to the control group. Interestingly, CN not only reduced hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) levels and fecal odor, but also improved feed efficiency in mice. These results demonstrate that oral nano-delivery of anti-ecotoxicological CN is a functional system to deliver curcumin to the gut to improve feed efficiency and reduce fecal odor in mice.

본 연구는 지속가능발전교육 관점의 숲 체험활동이 유아의 환경보전지식과 환경 친화적 태도에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 만 5세 유아 34명을 선정하였으며 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN21.0 프로그램을 이용하여 독립표본 t검증으로 분석하였다. 연구결과 지속가능발전교육 관점의 숲 체험활동이 유아의 환경보전지식과 환경 친화적 태도에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 결론적으로 지속가능발전교육 관점의 숲 체험활동이 유아의 환경보전지식과 환경 친화적 태도에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다고 볼 수 있으며, 유아교육현장에서 지속적으로 전개된다면 유아의 환경보전지식과 환경 친화적 태도 발달을 향상시킬 수 있는 의미 있는 활동이 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

The Korean environmental impact assessment(EIA) system, and explored ways to improve it as a more efficient and viable institution relevant to the demand of our time and conditions in study. The first problem this study identified is found in the fact that the party to write up the assessment report is itself the business operator or the one who is planning to work out the business plan. This structure translates into placing an order with an agent for EIA report. The reporting job may br subcontracted to the agent at a cost far below the rate specified in the ‘Standard for Estimate of Agency Fee for Environmental Impact Assessment.’ This practice also causes the vicious circle of producing a report that is written to justify the project or business in question or it leads to rough-and ready and poor documentation to minimize the time required. Second, in order to achieve the goal of the plan or business, which is the target of EIA, the local residents tend to ve regarded as an obstacle. This means elimination of the local people from participating in the EIA or their opinion being frequently ignored. This is the seed of distrust and hostility that sometimes provoke disagreements or fierce conflicts. The first proposal to improve these problem is to improve the factors that cause poor documentation of the assessment report as well as improve the understanding of the EIA system. This study proposes the following measures for improvement. The agency cost for EIA should be paid by the business operator or a third party that can ensure faithful implementation of the payment. A system should be established to verify transparent estimation of the agency cost. In order to enhance the professional quality of EIA agents, there should be implementation of qualification test for industrial engineer of related engineers in addition to the current EIA Qualification Test. The second proposal for improvement is to improve the citizen participation process by instituting a legal framework to make clear the purpose of the briefing session for local residents, which is held as a procedure of EIA, and to ensure more positive publicity during the stage of listening to the opinion of the local community. For a smooth and rational communication process, a moderator and a communicator of opinion, as is the case in a public hearing, could be instituted to clearly get the purpose of the briefing session across to the residents and to help to carry out the explanation and Q & A sessions according to the categories of the opinion of the residents. At present, the notification of the public inspection of the draft of the assessment report and briefing session for the residents is made on the newspaper and internet network. But some people have difficulty with access to this method of announcement. A higher participation rate could be secured if a legal provision is added to specify putting up placards in specific places such as the entrance to the place for the briefing session for residents or the building of administrative agencies of the area concerned.

최근 환경문제로 인하여 비위생 매립폐기물의 처리문제가 사회적 큰 이슈가 되고 있으므로 이에 대한 친환경적 및 적정한 처리뿐만 아니라 환경단체나 언론 등에 대해서도 적극적으로 대처하고 대기 및 환경감시와 함께 토양, 지하수 오염 등에 대해서도 지속적으로 관리하는 종합적인 사후관리 및 종료가 필요하다. 사후관리 매립장에 대해서는 정비지침의 안정화도 조사기법에 의거하여 시설물현황 및 주변 환경오염도 등 관계법령이 정하는 방법에 따라 시설물에 대한 안정성 해석 등의 연구를 수행하여 사후관리 매립지에 대한 친환경적이고 안정적인 검사 관리를 통하여 지역 주민의 불안 및 갈등을 해소하는 등의 환경복지를 구현하여야 한다. 특히, 강원도 생태·경관보전지역 이전 인근 군부대, 주민들이 투기한 것으로 추정되는 매립폐기물로 인한 환경적 문제점을 사전에 예측, 평가함으로써, 토지보전 및 경관저하의 환경피해와 안전사고를 사전에 방지하고 현 상태에 대한 환경안전진단 및 향후 적정한 사후관리방안을 수립하여 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 사용종료 매립장에 대한 정비지침의 안정화도 조사기법에 의거하여 강원도 생태･경관보전지역내 해안사구에 매립된 폐기물의 매립심도 및 면적, 매립용량 등의 매립부지에 대한 실태를 실시하고 폐기물 매립부지에 대하여 현재 환경적 오염잠재력(매립폐기물, 매립가스, 침출수, 지하수, 지표수, 토양 등) 및 구조적 안정성(침하, 지지력 등)을 조사/분석하여 주변 환경오염도와 매립폐기물 안정화정도를 조사함으로써 사용종료 매립지의 정비 및 안정화 방안을 평가하였다.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of multi-enzyme on diarrhea and immune responses of weaned pigs. A total 36 weaned pigs (5.92 ± 0.48 kg BW; 28 d old) were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments (3 pigs/pen, 6 replicates/ treatment) in a randomized complete block design. The dietary treatments were a typical diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) and CON with 0.1% multienzyme (Multi; mixture of β-mannanase, xylanase, α-amylase, protease, β-glucanase, and pectinase). Pigs were fed their respective diets for 6 wk. Frequency of diarrhea, levels of packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cells (WBC), immunoglobulins, cortisol, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor- β (TGF-β), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Multi group tended to decrease (p<0.1) diarrhea frequency than CON group during 2 wk after weaning. Lower values of PCV on d 3 (p<0.05) and d 7 (p<0.1) were found in Multi group compared with CON group. There were no significant differences on WBC number and immunoglobulin (Ig) M and A between Multi and CON groups. However, Multi group tended to increase (p<0.1) Ig G on d 7 than CON group. Moreover, Multi group showed modulated immune responses, indicated by decreased levels of cortisol (p<0.05) on d 7 and 14, TNF-α on d 3 (p<0.05) and d 7 (p<0.10), TGF- β on d 2 (p<0.05) and d 7 (p<0.10), and CRP (p<0.10) on d 3 and 7 after weaning compared with CON group. Consequently, inclusion of multi-enzyme in diets for weaned pigs improved gut health and modulated immune responses of weaned pigs.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of multi-enzyme on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and nutrient digestibility of weaned pigs. A total 36 weaned pigs (5.92 ± 0.48 kg BW; 28 d old) were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments (3 pigs/pen, 6 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete block design. The dietary treatments were a typical diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) and CON with 0.1% multi-enzyme (Multi; mixture of β- mannanase, xylanase, α-amylase, protease, β-glucanase, and pectinase). Pigs were fed their respective diets for 6 wk. Measurements were growth performance, morphology of ileum, apparent ileal digestibility and apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and energy of weaned pigs. There were no significant differences on growth performance during overall experimental period. No differences were found for the morphology of ileum and nutrient digestibility between CON and Multi groups. Therefore, the results in the current study indicated that multi-enzyme supplementation in diets had no effects on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and nutrient digestibility of weaned pigs.