최근 몇 년간 전 세계에 걸쳐 폭풍우와 관련한 자연재해는 그 규모와 빈도에 있어서 상당히 증가하고 있는 추세다. 특히, 우리나라는 강수의 대부분이 여름철에 집중되어 있어 이러한 태풍, 폭우 그리고 국지성 집중호우 등과 같은 자연재해로 인한 피해가 더욱 심각하다. 이러한 현상은 대기 중 이산화탄소 농도의 증가로 인한 지구온난화와 엘리뇨 등으로 인하여 앞으로도 더욱 빈번해질 것으로 전망된다. 따라서 이와 같은 폭풍우로 인한 피해를 줄이기 위하여 본 연구에서

동해연안지역의 해안거리별 기상, 토양환경 및 벼 생육변화를 조사분석하여 벼 수량감소의 원인규명 및 대응책 수립의 기초자료를 얻고자 풍미벼, 삼덕벼, 주남벼를 영덕군 병곡면 해안 1, 2, 3, 5km지점에 5월30일 이앙하여 벼 생육 특성 및 수량성을 조사하였다. 냉해풍 발생시 해안거리별 온도변화는 거리에 따라 크게 차이가 있었는데 5km에서보다 1km지점에서는 8℃, 2km지점은 7℃, 3km지점은 4℃가 낮았다. 해안거리별 토양특성은 해안에 가까울수록 모래성분이 많고, 미사 및 점토성분은 적었으며, 유효인산 함량과 양이온 치환용량이 적었다. 벼 생육 특성은 해안에 가까울수록 초장은 짧아지고 경수는 적었으며, 출수기는 지연되었고 수량도 감소되었는데 해안5km에서보다 1km지점에서 38~40%감수되었으며 삼덕벼는 2km지점에서부터 90%이상의 수량성을 보였다.

This study aims to produce fundamental database for Environment Impact Assessment by monitoring vertical structure of the atmosphere due to the mountain valley wind in spring season. For this, we observed surface and upper meteorological elements in Sangin-dong, Daegu using the rawinsonde and automatic weather system(AWS). In Sangin-dong, the weather condition was largely affected by mountains when compared to city center. The air temperature was low during the night time and day break, and similar to that of city center during the day time. Relative humidity also showed similar trend; high during the night time and day break and similar to that of city center during the day time. Solar radiation was higher than the city, and the daily maximum temperature was observed later than the city. The synoptic wind during the measurement period was west wind. But during the day time, the west wind was joined by the prevailing wind to become stronger than the night time. During the night time and daybreak, the impact of mountain wind lowered the overall temperature, showing strong geographical influence. The vertical structure of the atmosphere in Dalbi valley, Sangin-dong had a sharp change in air temperature, relative humidity, potential temperature and equivalent potential temperature when measured at the upper part of the mixing layer height. The mixing depth was formed at maximum 1896m above the ground, and in the night time, the inversion layer was formed by radiational cooling and cold mountain wind.

Gwangyang Bay is often severely confronted by photochemical pollutants due to its location and dense emissions. It is located in a basin on the south coast of the Korean peninsula and is crossed by a remarkable cluster of hills and mountains of a small horizontal scale that forms a channel. Clearly, the air flow field has a great influence on the dispersion of air pollutants. The characteristics of the wind flow patterns have an important effect on the dispersion of pollutants emitted. In these situations, the distribution of the ozone concentration is extremely complicated because of the superposition of circulations of the air flow fields, especially in complex coastal region. In this study, we examined the distribution of the high level ozone on Gwangyang Bay particularly during the episode day (for 5 years). Among these days, A high level ozone was induced by the development of a sea/land breeze local circulation system, as well as by an anabatic/catabatic flow from the mountains and valley with weakening of the synoptic wind. High level ozone distribution pattern(6 types) on Gwangyang bay is analyzed and the comparison of each pattern reveals substantial localized differences in intensity and distribution of ozone concentration from the site coherence and UPA analysis of ozone concentration. The observed VOC concentration had much difference in concentrations and daily variations between Jungdong and Samil.

In order to support the development of wind farms in Jejudo, a wind resource database for Jejudo has been established using a meteor-statistical analysis of KIER(Korea Institute of Energy Research) met-mast measurements and KMA(Korea Meteorological Administration) weather data. The analysis included wind statistics, tower shading, an exposure category classification using satellite images, the effect of atmospheric stability on the wind profile exponent, and a correlation matrix of wind speed to gain an understanding of the meteorological correlation between long-term weather observation stations and short-term met-mast measurements. The wind resource database for Jejudo, is to be provided as an add-on to Google EarthTM, which is expected to be utilized as a guideline for the selection of an appropriate reference site for long-term correction in the next wind farm development project.

The air quality data is important for understanding and analyzing a surrounding influence. In that light, it is positively necessary for a propriety assessment to determine a location of the air quality monitoring sites. In this study, the climate analysis about temperature and wind, using the meteorological data in the Pohang, is conducted to do that. In the next stage, we distinguished the wind by east-west or north-south component, which has less correlation than temperature, analyzed and divided the wind sector. As the result, the wind circumstance of the Pohang is divided into major 5 wind sector; that is the urban area, the northeast coastal area, the east ocean and the west mountainous area. We think that an analysis on detailed wind sector by utilizing the numerical simulation is needed.

In an effort to interpret the characteristics of fine particle concentrations in Busan, time variations of hourly monitored concentrations PM10 (Particulate Matter with aerodynamic Diameter ≤10 ㎛) in Busan are analyzed for the period from 2000 to 2005. The characteristics of aerosol second generation formation process is also interpreted qualitatively, by using the statistical analysis of the meteorological variables including temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity. The result shows some significant annual, seasonal, weekly and diurnal variations of PM10 concentrations. In particular, seasonal(i.e., spring) variations are governed by frequency of yellow sand events even for the non-yellow sand cases where yellow-sand days are eliminated in our analysis. However, in seasonal variation, summer season predominate lower PM10 concentrations due to the frequent precipitation, and weekly and diurnal variations are both found to be reflecting the emission rate from traffic amount. Correlation coefficients between PM10 concentration and meterological variables for non-yellow sand days show overall negative correlation with visibility, wind speed, cloud amounts, and relative humidity. However for non-precipitation days, during non-yellow sand period positive correlation are found clearly with relative humidity, suggesting the importance of secondary aerosol formation in Busan that can be achieved by both homogeneous aerosol formation and heterogeneous transformations resulting from hygroscopic aerosol characteristics.

We focused on effects on data assimilation of simulated wind fields by using upper-air observations (wind profiler and sonde data). Local Analysis Prediction System (LAPS), a type of data assimilation system, was used for wind field modeling. Five cases of simulation experiments for sensitivity analysis were performed : which are EXP0) non data assimilation, EXP1) surface data, EXP2) surface data and sonde data, EXP3) surface data and wind profiler data, EXP4) surface data, sonde data and wind profiler data. These were compared with observation data. The result showed that the effects of data assimilation with wind profiler data were found to be greater than sonde data. The delicate wind fields in complex coastal area were simulated well in EXP3. EXP3 and EXP4 using wind profiler data with vertically high resolution represented well sophisticated differences of wind speed compared with EXP1 and EXP2, this is because the effects of wind profiler data assimilation were sensitively adjusted to first guess field than those of sonde observations.

본 연구에서는 2001년 6월 충주시 용두동에서 안림동으로 충주 기상관측소가 이전함에 따라 발생한 기상요소의 변화를분석하기 위하여 1994년 1월부터 2001년 5월까지를 관측소 이전 전의 기간으로, 2001년 6월부터 2005년 12월까지를 이전 후의 기간으로 정하여 평균기온, 상대습도, 안개일수, 풍향의 변화를 알아보았다. 이전 후의 관측소는 충주시가지와 가까이 위치하고 있기 때문에 도시에서 발생하는 인공열과 피복의 차이로 인해 전 계절에서 기온이 상승하였다. 상대습도는 여름을 제외한 나머지 계절에서 감소하였다. 평균기온의 상승이 상대습도에 영향을 주었을 것으로 생각되며 다른 계절에 비해 수증기압이 많이 증가한 여름은 기온의 상승보다는 수증기압의 증가에 더 많은 영향을 받아 다른 계절과 달리 상대습도가 증가하였다. 안개일수는 관측소 이전 후에 전 계절에 걸쳐 감소하였으며 가을이 17.6일로 가장 많이 감소하였다. 충주의 안개는 방류된 물의 수온과 기온과의 온도 차이에 의해 발생하므로 기온, 상대습도와 같은 요인보다는 달천으로부터의 거리 증가가 안개일수 감소의 가장 큰 원인이다. 풍향은 관측소 이전 전에는 전 계절에 걸쳐 서풍계의 바람이 매우 탁월하였지만 이전 후에는 동풍계 바람의 빈도가 많이 증가하였다. 또한 이전 전에는 서용계의 풍향 중에서도 서북서풍이 서남서풍에 비해 좀 더 우세하였지만 이전 후에는 서남서풍의 바람이 차지하는 비율이 더 많아졌다.

무안백련축제 주 무대인 무안군 일로읍 복용리 자생백련의 개화조절에 대한 기초 자료를 확보하기 위하여 개화특성 및 개화에 미치는 기상요인을 분석하였다. 무안 회산백련지에서 화경이 수면위로 출현되는 시기는 6월 8일(2002년)에서 6월 16일(2006년) 사이였다. 꽃이 처음으로 출현된 시기는 6월 18일(2002년)에서 6월 27일(2000년 및 2006년)사이였다. 첫 꽃 개화시기와 개화량의 최대기 간에는 정의 상관을 나타낸 반면에 화경 출현기와 첫 꽃 개화기 사이에는 상관을 나타내지 않았다. 개화량의 최대기는 평균기온, 일조시간 및 강수량과 상관을 나타내지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 백련의 내적요인 및 관리요인이 기상요인 보다 큰 영향을 미친 결과에 의한 것으로 추정된다. 따라서 개화에 미치는 구체적 요인에 대한 자료 확보를 위해서는 연근의 연령 등 내적요인과 수심관리, 굴취와 식재시기, 시비 등 관리요인에 대한 분석이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

본 연구에서는 Clark 합성단위도의 매개변수 추정치에 대한 신뢰구간을 좁힐 수 있는 방안으로, 이들을 강우, 기상, 및 유역 특성인자로 다변량 회귀분석한 후 이를 Monte Carlo 모의기법을 통하여 분석하였다. 아울러 이렇게 얻은 결과는 Bootstrap 기법으로 분석한 결과 및 기존에 많이 사용되어 왔던 경험식과도 비교 검토하였다. 이상과 같은 과정을 통해 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 관측된 호우사상의 수가 제한적인 경우, 유출특성에 미치는

본 연구에서는 관측자료에 나타난 Clark 단위도의 매개변수를 검토하고 그 변동성을 평가하였다. 여기에는 강우-유출과정에 영향을 미치는 유역 및 기상 특성인자들을 확률밀도함수를 적용하여 정량화하고, 이를 바탕으로 하여 관측 강우-유출 사상 중 평균적인 사상을 분류하며, 마지막으로 선별된 강우-유출 사상에 대해 Clark 단위도의 평균적인 매개변수를 유도하는 과정이 포함된다. 이러한 과정을 통해 얻은 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. (1) 유역을 대표하는

It is very difficult to forecast accurately a damage from the natural disasters which occurs frequently. If the significant weather event was forecasted one or two days ago, we will be able to minimize a damage from the severe weather event through the suitable prevention activities. It said that 2000's our country's total damages from the meteorological disasters was several trillion won(Park et al, a, b, 2005). Therefore, we analyzed the Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA) and television broadcasting's reports, information contents, and transmission system, an ex post facto valuation about typhoon Nabi which struck the Korean peninsula from September 5 to 7, 2005. Through these investigations, we want to present the basic data to rises the application effect of disaster prevention meteorological information. We think KMA must present many information report to promote a citizen's understanding about the meteorological information and the serious disaster situation. And also we think the KMA and television broadcasting must present an advisable reports, the contents which is suitable to disaster response stages. And we must grasp the problem of disaster prevention meteorological information through an ex post facto examination, improve it effectively .

The present study applied an atmospheric flow field model in Gwangyang-Bay which can predict local sea/land breezes formed in a complex terrain for the development of a model that can predict short term concentration of air pollution. Estimated values from the conduct of the atmospheric flow field were used to evaluate and compare with observation data of the meteorological stations in Yeosu and the Yeosu airport, and the effect of micrometeorology of surround region by the coastal area reclamation was predicted by using the estimated values. Simulation results, a nighttime is appeared plainly land breezes of the Gwangyang-bay direction according to a mountain wind that formed in the Mt. of Baekwooun, Mt. of Youngchui. Land winds is formed clockwise circulation in the north, clockwise reverse direction in the south with Gangyang-bay as the center. Compared with model and observation value, Temperature is tend to appeared some highly simulation value in the night, observation value in the daytime in two sites all, but it is well accorded generally, the pattern of one period can know very the similarity. And also, wind speed and wind direction is some appeared the error of observation value and calculation results in crossing time of the land wind and sea land, it can see that reproducibility is generally good, is very appeared the change land wind in the nighttime, the change of sea wind in the daytime. And also, according to change of the utilization coefficient of soil before and after development with Gwangyang-Bay area as the center, Temperature after development was high 0.55～0.67℃ in the 14 hours, also was tend to appear lowly 0.10～0.22℃ in the 02 hours, the change of u, v component is comparatively tend to reduced sea wind and land wind, it is affected ascending air current and frictional power of the earth surface according to inequality heating of the generation of earth surface.

융설 모형을 이용하여 융설 기간 동안의 하천유출량을 모의하기 위해서는 융설 관련 매개변수의 정립이 반드시 필요하다. 우리나라의 경우 관측 자료의 부족으로 인하여 적설분포면적, 적설심, 적설분포면적 감소곡선과 같은 융설 관련 매개변수의 추출이 불가능하였다. 본 연구에서는 1997년부터 2003년까지의 겨울철(11월-4월) NOAA/AVHRR 위성영상을 이용하여 한반도의 적설분포도를 추출하고 기상청의 69개소 유인지상기상관측소의 기상자료 중 최심적설심 자료

In this study, climate analysis and wind sector division were conducted for a propriety assessment to determine the location of air quality monitoring sites in the Busan metropolitan area. The results based on the meteorological data(2000～2004) indicated hat air temperature is strongly correlated between 9 atmospheric monitoring sites, while wind speed and direction are not. This is because wind is strongly affected by the surrounding terrain and the obstacles such as building and tree. In the next stage, we performed cluster analysis to divide wind sector over the Busan metropolitan area. The cluster analysis showed that the Busan metropolitan area is divided into 6 wind sectors. However 1 downtown and 2 suburbs an area covering significantly broad region in Busan are not divided into independent sectors, because of the absence of atmospheric monitoring site. As such, the Busan metropolitan area is finally divided into 9 sectors.