This paper investigates whether a secondary teacher trainee improved pair/group work management skills in a short-term teacher training program focusing on the development of TEE-related skills. One female teacher trainee, students, and a teacher trainer participated in the study. The participant’s teaching performance, conference on her teaching performance, lesson plans, and the teacher trainer’s feedback on the teaching performances were collected. The data on teaching performance and conferencing were transcribed and analyzed in terms of a moving-in phase, a monitoring phase, and a moving-out phase. The participant showed improvement in changing seating arrangement, selecting students in modeling, increasing various kinds of comprehension check up questions, changing her voice during monitoring, and drawing students’ attention and signaling a new phase of lesson to the students in a moving-out of the activity. This study suggests how to improve management skills in pair/group work in TEE classes.

On the knowledge based society is demanding for competent subjects who can create new knowledge and apply it as well as possess self-directed learning abilities. Even when it comes to instructing underachievers, changes in the systematic education program is being required. Underachievers show difference in learning ability with other students as their grade level increases and this leads to a decline in understanding about what is learned during class. Accordingly, this results in the loss of the desire to learn and is causing underachievement to become more serious. In this paper, arithmetic section was selected amongst all the other sections in an elementary mathematics textbook. In order to minimize the learning deficit of underachievers, recomposition was made with contents and stages appropriate for the instruction of underachievers to develop a self-directed learning model and implement the Scratch game program. As a result of applying the program of this study on underachievers who are in third grade of elementary school, it was analyzed that their competence of arithmetic operation was enhanced and that it also increased their level of interest about learning.

Objective : The purpose of this study is to conduct parent education about autism spectrum disorders with sensory modulation disorder and coping skills for parents to nurture. After parental education participation to verify the effects of parenting stress and parenting efficacy.Methods : The study subjects were conducted with mothers Gwangju and Jeonju 20 people twice a week to target a total of seven sessions of four weeks. Research tools to measure the effectiveness of parent education parenting stress (Korean-Parenting Stress Index; K-PSI) and parenting efficacy (Parenting Sense of Competence; PSOC) was used for tests. Data analysis was performed using SPSS Version 18.0.Results : After a parent education parenting stress was statistically significantly decreased in all categories (p<.001). Influence on the child area has shown that most parenting stress the ‘reinforce parent’ impact on the parent area parenting stress is ‘attachment’ appeared to be the largest of its kind. Parenting Efficacy was also statistically significantly improved in all categories (p<.001).Conclusion : In this study, conducted by a parent education program have reduced parenting stress of mothers to nurture and was confirmed to be effective in promoting parenting efficacy.

Objective : Dementia prevention program has been applied in Center for dementia by the occupational therapists. We evaluated the efficacy of this program to the elderly non-demented women in senior citizens center for cognitive, physical function and depression.Methods : We applied this program to women subjects from a senior citizens centers in 12 sessions. Cognitive and physical functions and depression were compared between pre and post-intervention with Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), Timed-Up and Go test (TUG), One Leg Standing Test (OLST) and Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form-Korea version (GDSSF-K).Results : We enrolled 26 non-dementia women from four senior citizens centers in Seoul Yangcheon-gu. The K-MMSE improved after the dementia prevention program significantly (p=.00). The GDSSF-K was significantly different between pre and post-intervention (p=.02). For physical function, TUG (p=.02) and OLST in opening eyes were significantly improved (respectively, p=.00 in right side, and p=.00 in left side). OLST in closed eyes were tend to be improved after the intervention, however, they were not significantly different.Conclusion : The dementia prevention program of Center for dementia has proved to improve cognitive and physical function and to reduce depression in the non-demented women from senior citizens centers. These findings suggest that the dementia prevention program that has led by occupational therapist in Center for dementia can be applied other setting in a community.

In this paper, scale efficiencies and relative efficiencies of R&D projects in Industrial Technology Program, sponsored by Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Korea, are calculated and compared. For the process, various DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) models are adopted as major techniques. For DEA, two stage input oriented models are utilized for calculating the efficiencies. Next, the calculated efficiencies are grouped according to their subprograms (Industrial Material, IT Fusion, Nano Fusion, Energy Resources, and Resources Technology) and recipient types (Public Enterprise, Large Enterprise, Medium Enterprise, Small Enterprise, Lab., Univ., and etc.) respectively. Then various subprograms and recipient types are compared in terms of scale efficiencies (CCR models) and relative efficiencies (BCC models). In addition, the correlation between the 1st stage relative efficiencies and the 2nd stage relative efficiencies is calculated, from which the causal relationship between them can be inferred. Statistical analysis shows that the amount of input, in general, should increase in order to be scale efficient (CCR models) regardless of the subprograms and recipient types, that the 1st and 2nd stage relative efficiencies are different in terms of the programs and recipient types (BCC models), and that there is no significant correlation between the 1st stage relative efficiencies and the 2nd stage relative efficiencies. However, the results should be used only as reference because the goal each and every subprogram has is different and the situation each and every recipient type faces is different. In addition, the causal link between the 1st stage relative efficiencies and the 2nd relative efficiencies is not considered, which, in turn, is the limitation of this paper.

본 연구는 유아기에 출산에 대한 긍정적인 가치관을 형성할 수 있도록 출산친화적 가치관 형성 코칭프로그램을 개발하였으며 이는 저출산 문제를 극복하고자 하는데 궁극적인 목적을 두었다. 저출산 및 가치관 교육과 관련된 연구, 출산친화적 가치관형성 교육프로그램에 관한 선행연구와 함께 누리과정의 사회관계영역과 자연탐구영역의 나와 가족, 사회, 생명체에 관한 세부내용을 바탕으로 프로그램의 이론을 확립한 후 활동안을 개발하였고 각 회기마다 Active코칭 대화모델 6단계를 적용하였다. 이를 토대로 총 12회기의 출산친화적 가치관 형성 코칭프로그램을 개발하였으며 전문가 2인과 함께 적합성 여부를 검토하였다. 출산친화적 가치관 형성 코칭프로그램의 내용은 총 12회기로 이루어졌으며 언어, 인지가 발달한 만 5세를 대상으로 하였다. 1-4회기는 결혼가치관에 관한 내용으로 결혼을 주제로 브레인스토밍, 이야기나누기, 미술, 편지쓰기, 역할극 등 다양한 활동내용과 학습목표를 제시하였으며, 5-8회기는 가족가치관에 관한 내용으로 문학, 이야기 나누기, 역할극, 미술활동 등을 통해 부모의 소중함과 고마움, 9-12회기는 자녀가치관으로 이야기나누기, 문학, 역할극, 미술, 탐색활동을 통해 형제와 사이좋게 지내고, 형제의 소중함과 고마움을 통해 존재를 인정해 주는 것을 활동목표로 하여 회기별 활동안을 구성하였다. 각 회기마다 Active코칭 대화모델 6단계를 적용하여 교사가 유아의 의견을 존중하고, 유아가 자유롭게 의사표현을 할 수 있도록 피드백 한다.

본 연구는 에니어그램 코칭을 적용한 유아 셀프리더십 프로그램을 개발하여 유아들의 셀프리더십 향상을 도모하고자 한다. 이를 위해 에니어그램 코칭의 기본원리 세 가지를 적용하였으며 다음과 같다. 첫째, 모든 유아에게는 신성이 있다. 둘째, 유아에게 필요한 해답은 모두 그 유아의 내부에 있다. 셋째, 해답을 찾기 위해서는 파트너가 필요하다. 이 세 가지 기본 원리를 바탕으로 유아 셀프리더십 프로그램을 만들었으며, 유치원 교육과정에서 적용할 수 있는 프로그램을 만들고자 하였다. 에니어그램 코칭을 적용한 유아 셀프리더십 프로그램 내용은 총 8회기로 다음과 같다. 1회기는 “서로 인사해요”, 2회기는 “나 자신을 이해하기”, 3회기는 “나 자신을 조절하기”, 4회기는 “나는 멋진 어린이”, 5회기는 “나는 과제를 잘해요”, 6회기는 “나는 무엇이든 해결해요”, 7회기는 “나는 즐겁게 지내요”, 8회기는 “나는 칭찬을 좋아해요”로 구성하였다. 본 연구의 의의는 개인의 효율성과 잠재력을 극대화시키는 에니어그램 코칭을 접목하여 유아셀프 리더십 프로그램을 개발함으로써 유아를 위한 에니어그램 코칭 셀프 리더십을 실용화할 수 있는 실천방안을 제시하였다는 점에 있다.

본 연구에서는 Ocean Data View (ODV)를 이용하여 한반도 주변 해역의 수온·염분 분포도를 작성하는 실험 프로그램을 개발하였다. 정선 해양 관측 자료는 본 연구를 위해 새롭게 개발된 별도의 프로그램을 이용하여 ODV 호환 형식으로 변환된 후 분석되었다. 새로운 실험 프로그램을 65명의 예비 교사들에게 적용하였을 때, 기존 프로그램을 사용한 같은 집단에 비해 과제 수행 완성도가 매우 향상되었다. 새로운 프로그램에 대한 실험 참가자들의 만족도를 살펴보기 위해 설문지 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 정확하고 빠른 등치선 작성 분야에서 가장 높은 만족도를 나타내었으며, 새로운 실험 프로그램의 이해 및 적용에 관한 긍정적인 반응을 확인하였다.

이 연구의 목적은 STEAM 프로그램이 고등학생의 정의적 영역에 미치는 효과를 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 ‘산사태와 우리생활’을 주제로 한 STEAM 프로그램을 개발하여 고등학교 과학 동아리 학생 16명에게 7주 동안 적용하였다. 정의적 영역에 관한 과학적 태도 검사를 사전과 사후에 실시하였으며, 프로그램 적용이 끝난 후 STEAM 프로그램에 관한 설문조사 및 심층인터뷰를 실시하였다. 과학적 태도의 관점에서 STEAM 프로그램은 즐거움, 가치, 자신감, 그리고 일반적인 과학적 태도에서 긍정적 효과를 가져 온다는 것이 나타났다. 프로그램 평가 설문지 결과를 살펴보면 정의적 영역에 도움이 되었다고 응답한 학생이 가장 많았으며 인지적 영역에서도 긍정적 변화가 있음이 확인되었다.

Although the NutriPlus program has shown considerable evidence of enhancing users’ nutritional status, the budget does not cover all eligible mothers and children. This study aimed to conduct a cost-benefit analysis of the NutriPlus program to assess its economic efficiency. 53 families with 79 users in the NutriPlus program at Daejeon Dong-gu Health Center participated in this study with informed consent. The costs and benefits were estimated from both the administrator’s and users’ perspectives. We converted the time cost into Korean currency based on the minimum wage in 2014. The value of nutrition education and service (B2), estimated by contingency valuation method (CVM), was counted as an economic benefit. 6 families (11.3%) were recipients of national medical care and 22 families (41.5%) paid 10% of the food package cost by themselves. The total cost was 7,450,167 and the total benefit was 12,402,239. The budget for the health center (C1+C2+C3+C4) was 5,984,381 a month. Time and transportation cost for receiving nutrition education (C6) differed significantly according to the economic status of families. Household food consumption increase (C4-B4) was 40,379 in the poverty group, which was four times more than in the other groups. The net benefit (B-C) was 4,852,172 and the B/C ratio was 1.66. Therefore, the NutriPlus program is beneficial in the economic aspect as well as in the nutritional aspect. If the enhancement of nutritional status was also considered, the total benefit would be even higher. These results confirm the legitimacy of a secure budget for the NutriPlus program. And we suggest expanding its budget to cover more eligible individuals to improve people’s health and welfare.

PURPOSES : The hydrated lime-modified asphalt, which improves moisture resistance, is normally used for pavements to reduce the number of potholes. However, the method of applying the material properties of the lime-modified asphalt mixture for use in pavements is not covered in the Korean Pavement Research Program (KPRP). The objective of this research is to find a method for the design application of lime-modified asphalt’s material properties to the KPRP. METHODS: The section for test design is selected in some conditions which are related to the level of design regarding Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT). To define the application methods of hydrated lime in the KPRP, the models of fatigue, rut and international roughness index (IRI) are determined based on the M-EPDG test results from some earlier research results. Moreover, it is well known that dynamic moduli of the unmodified mixture are not different from those of the lime-modified mixture. RESULTS: The performance results of hydrated lime-modified asphalt pavement were not very much different from those of the unmodified pavement, which meant the limited design regulations regarding fatigue failure, rutting deformation and IRI. CONCLUSIONS: The KPRP uses the weather model from the data for previous 10 years. It implies that the KPRP cannot predict abnormal climate changes accurately. Hence, the predictive weather data regarding the abnormal climate changes are unreliable. Secondly, the KPRP cannot apply the moisture resistance of asphalt mixtures. Therefore, a second level of design study will have to be performed to reflect the influence of moisture. It means that the influence on pavement performance can be changed by the application of hydrated lime in asphalt mixture design.

본 연구는 푸드아트심리상담 프로그램이 청소년의 자아존중감에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보기 위하여 경기도에 있는 ‘K’ 중학교에서 자아존중감이 낮은 여학생 4명을 학교측에서 의뢰를 받아 2014년 6월부터 8월까지 총 9회기에 걸쳐 본 프로그램을 진행하였다. 첫 회기를 시작하는 날, 프로그램 활동 전에 학생들의 자아존중감에 관한 검사지를 통하여 사전검사를 실시하였고, 프로그램 종료일에 같은 검사지를 통하여 사후검사를 실시하였다. 또한 매 회기의 활동에 관하여 인터뷰 방식으로 학생들의 변화를 기록하였다. 그 결과 자아존중감 검사에서 사전검사 보다 사후검사가 통계적으로 점수가 유의하게 나타났다. 또한 본 프로그램 활동을 하면서 4명의 학생 모두에게 긍정적인 마음과 함께 서로 배려하는 모습과 자신을 알아가는 모습을 볼 수 있었으며, 자신의 비전을 세우는데 있어서도 효과를 볼 수 있었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 청소년의 욕구와 눈높이에 맞는 다양한 프로그램들이 진행될 수 있도록 연구하고 보급해야 할 것으로 제언하였다.

The purpose of this study is to illustrate a general collaborative model of team-teaching in a university general English program. While positive effects of team-teaching and some suggestions for teamteaching practices have been reported previously, there has been less attention paid to an instructional model where native teachers and Korean teachers collaborate with each other for the best classroom experience for students. A qualitative research guided the design. Twenty teachers’ team-teaching classes were observed and video-taped for analysis. The findings showed that the two teachers’ constant negotiations of meanings in any stage of the lessons and in classes with diverse linguistic goals was helpful to the students’ understanding. Also, in the stage of presenting particular language expressions (duringlesson), complimenting each other with native teachers’ intuition and Korean teachers’ analytic skills was suggested as an important instructional move. When activities were introduced, modeling by the two teachers and bridging roles by the Korean teachers were a tremendous contribution and recommended for model collaborations. An instructional model and educational implications have been suggested.

In the last decade loyalty programs have gained popularity across various industries. They are one of the most popular marketing tools that companies use to increase retention, enhance loyalty and gather ‘big data’. The number of companies adopting loyalty programs is rapidly increasing with fashion department stores grown their loyalty program subscriptions by 70% between 2010 and 2012 (Colloquy, 2013). One of the main reasons for this growth can be attributed to the benefits fashion retailers offer to their customers. A new body of current research had directed its attention to a comprehensive set of benefits offered by loyalty programs as well as their potential to increase customer retention and profitability (Evanschitzky et al., 2012). Until recently, it was debatable if loyalty programs can be effective and appropriate in luxury retailing (Lowenstein, 2009), despite research evidence showing a positive effect of loyalty programs’ benefits on customer retention (e.g. Mimouni-Chaabane & Volle, 2010). Traditionally, luxury companies and retailers build loyalty through top-end and differentiated customer experiences. If loyalty schemes were to succeed in the luxury sector they had to deliver the kind of recognition and rewards that make luxury shoppers feel remarkable. Given the growing interest in loyalty programs and scarcity of research related to their effectiveness in the luxury fashion department stores, this study comes to examine the effectiveness of such programs. In particular, this research examines how the utilitarian, hedonic and symbolic perceived benefits from loyalty programs can influence the satisfaction and trust with the program and consequently store loyalty. These relationships are compared between high- and low-end fashion department stores and the differences in their effectiveness are reported. To test these relationships data were collected form a sample of 984 consumers from an online panel in US, using a structured questionnaire. A range of different department stores that offer loyalty programs were pre-selected through a rater procedure to represent the high- and low- fashion department stores. Using structural equation modelling and multi-group analysis, findings support that the effectiveness of loyalty programs is important to both high-and low-end fashion retailing settings but the strength of this effectiveness varies across the two settings. Specifically, hedonic and symbolic benefits derived from loyalty programs found to be more important in the high-end rather than the low-end fashion retailers. In contrast, utilitarian benefits found to be much more effective in influencing customers’ satisfaction with the program in the low-end fashion retailing. The results of this research address an important research gap and help to better understand customers' perceptions of loyalty program benefits obtained from high- and low-end fashion department stores. Finally, the findings provide clear guidelines for managers in both high- and low-end fashion retailing on how to design effectively their loyalty program rewards, by strategically allocating their resources to the benefits that are more important in their setting.

Flight dynamic simulation programs are useful to estimate dynamic performances of an aircraft and to develop flight control laws. Usually, simulation programs were developed by the causal programming method which required a distinct relationship between inputs and outputs. Recently, a new approach, acausal programming, has been developed and applied in many fields to deal with the disadvantages of causal simulation programs. The authors have developed a flight dynamic simulation program by using Modelica which is an acausal programming language. The developed program has been tested by several simulations for attitude and velocity hold control. It has been shown that servo systems for control surfaces can be designed by this program. The level of detail of models can be easily increased by using the library of Modelica. The simulation program can be used to develop unmanned aerial vehicles and rotor crafts.

산림치유 프로그램에 대한 요구가 증가되고 있다. 효과적인 산림치유를 위해, 참가자의 특성을 파악하여 보다 표적화되고 차별화된 산림치유 프로그램을 개발, 운영할 필요가 있다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 개인의 성격에 기초한 산림치유 프로그램의 개발 및 운영을 위한 기초자료 제공을 목적으로, MBTI(Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) 성격유형 선호지표, 심리기질유형과 산림치유 프로그램의 선호도 사이의 관련성을 각각 분석하였다. 일반 성인 남·여 245명을 대상으로 MBTI 성격검사와 산림치유 프로그램에 관한 선호도 설문조사를 실시하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS 21.0 프로그램을 사용하여 분산분석(ANOVA)을 통해 MBTI 성격유형에 따른 산림치유 프로그램 선호도의 차이를 살펴본 바, 그 차이가 확인되었다. 외향(E)-내향(I)은 호흡법·호흡체조, 자유롭게 숲속 걷기(신발착용), 숲속 웃음치료, 경관보기, 삼림욕·풍욕·일광욕에 대해 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 그리고 감각(S)-직관(N)은 물 흐르는 소리 듣기, 허브차 마시기, 숲속 잠자기에 대해, 사고(T)-감정(F)은 물속에 발과 팔 담그기, 숲속 잠자기에 대해, 판단(J)-인식(P)은 비전세우기, 경관보기에 대해 각각 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 성격의 심리기질유형에 따라서, 허브차 마시기, 자연음식 먹기, 숲속 잠자기, 경관보기, 숲 해설 듣기에 대해 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 분석 결과가 산림치유 프로그램 개발과 운영을 위한 기초자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

Many students can experience, such as for credit and social activities through field trips and participate in field trips. or on-site field training exercise participants currently in Gwangju University They take part in field trip 1, 2, 3 and 4 as the type.. ield Practice 1 type in summer and 2 in winter of 4-week period during vacation holidays with 3 credits, field trips 3 type of 8-week period during vacational holidays with 6 credits recognized for ₩ 400,000 in job training fee is also payable by the Leaders in INdustry-university Cooperation Agency. 4 types of job training are fourth grade (Architecture Grade 5) can be employed in conjunction for more than 15 weeks and admitted to the second semester of 15 credits by participating in job training. For most schools, but to pay a fee-job training at the University of Hanyang University, Kyungpook National University has a student assistance in the field training participating companies. This establishment does not have a clear idea of the legal entities responsible in the event of industrial accidents. Academic research is also nonexistent state for them. n this paper, we distinguish the personality for it via the existing labor precedents with respect to the legal responsibility of an industrial accident. This aims at putting the means to establish the role of the University of job training support.

Historical Experience Program is a certain type of a field trip for elementary and middle school students, which includes visiting a historical place and having various outdoor activities related to the historical events that actually happend in the area. Usually the students make a group to participate, but the education is only done with the printed handouts and the guidance teacher's verbal explanation. In this research, we would like to make use of both location-based system and gamification theories to advance the educational form. Each students will be given smart devices to perform the tasks that are conducted by gamifying the historical information and materials. Location-based system will be guiding them to find the missions and clues around the area. The guidance teacher will be also using a smart device to figure out each student's location and how well they are performing. We've also run the actual field test, and found out that it was a very effective method for Historical Experience Programs. Students were very motivated by cooperting and competing with other students on gamified educational material, and had been very ammused by having outdoor activities using location-based system, and it lead to a significantly effective education.