The purpose of this study is to investigate the vegetation structure and ecological restoration of disturbed forest due to artificial plant. To this end, 12 plots were set up and surveyed. The result analyzed considering mean importance percentage(M.I.P) showed that the types were divided into three groups which are artificial planted forest type(three plots), natural forest-artificial planted forest type(four plots), natural forest type(five plots). Dominant proportion of artificial planted species were as follows: artificial planted forest type was over 60%, natural forest-artificial planted forest types were 14～49%. The range of Shannon's index of all associations was from 0.7131 to 0.7771(natural forest-artificial planted forest 〉natural forest 〉artificial planted forest). Also we suggested restoration method of vegetation for ecological value as follow: Control of density considering step and Remove of Pinus koraiensis seedlings of understory layer and shurb layer.

침수식생 개수로 흐름은구조적으로상부영역과식생영역으로구분되는데, 상부영역은 일반 개수로의 흐름특성을 보이며 식생영역은 줄기에 의해 난류가 억제되어 정수식생 조건의 흐름과 유사하게 단순한 흐름특성을 보인다. 본 논문은 침수식생 개수로 흐름의 난류 및 유사이동 특성에 관한 실험연구이다. 이를 위해 폭 0.5m, 길이 12m인 개수로 실험장치를 이용하여수리실험을 실시하였다. 다양한 유량에 대하여 수심비 2～3인 흐름을 구현하였고, 나무원형 실린더를 이용하여 식

본 논문은 수직 보강토 옹벽의 전면녹화에 대한 연구이다. 기존 수직의 식생 보강토 옹벽은 별도의 관수시설이 설치되지 않아 식생층 내부로 지속적인 수분 공급이 어렵게 때문에, 건기가 한달 이상 지속되는 경우 고사의 우려가 있고 식생매트를 적용하지 않고 전면부에 직접 Seeding 하는 경우 집중호우시 토사 유출 및 세굴현상으로 인한 하자가 발생하여 유지보수비용이 추가적으로 발생 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 별도의 관수시설을 갖춘 식생블록 장치에 기존에 이용되는 식생매트 4종과 두 종류의 종자를 직접 파종하여 발아상태와 생육상태를 관찰하므로써 수직의 보강토 옹벽과 같은 환경에서 적용 가능한 식생매트와 수종을 알아보았다. 식생매트와 종자에 대한 발아특성 시험결과 수직환경에서 식생매트 C, D는 낮은 성장률을 보이는 것으로 나타났고 식생매트 A, B는 양호한 성장을 보였다. 또한, 식물식재수태층에 양잔디를 직접파종한 경우 20일 경과 후에도 발아가 되지 않아 수직상태에서 직접파종하는 것은 적합하지 않은 것으로 나타났고, 세덤류는 지면에 수평으로 설치한 상태에서 식재하였으며, 수직벽체 설치 후 양호한 성장상태를 보였다. 실험시기가 11월로 식물의 성장이 멈추는 시기이므로 세덤류의 경우 더 이상의 성장은 없었으나 활착상태는 양호한 것으로 관찰되었다.

본 연구에서는 복단면개수로및 불규칙한 하상을보이는 횡단면 상에서의 수위-유량곡선 및단위유량횡분포예측을 위한 유한요소모형을 개발하였다. 지배방정식은 정상류와 종방향 등류를 가정한 운동량방정식을 이용하며, 수면은 횡단면에 걸쳐 일정하다고 가정한다. 홍수터 식생의 영향을 반영하기 위해 식생항력이 지배방정식에 포함되었으며, 수치해를 구하기 위해 유한요소법을 적용하였다. 단면형상과 Manning의 조도계수, 식생정보, 종방향 하상경사를 입력자료로 수위-유량 곡선

This study was carried out in each three study areas of Pinus densiflora community and Quercus mongolica community from March 5th, 2008 to October 15th, 2010 to analyze the relationship between seed bank and the actual vegetation of the lower layer. Based on the relationship between the lower layer of actual vegetation and the germination of seed bank, all of three study areas, the similarity of the actual vegetation of the lower layer and seed bank were high in Plot 1 (84.62%) and Plot 3 (89.91%). As for Quercus mongolica community, the similarity was high between the actual vegetation of the lower layer and seed bank in Plot 4 (82.24%) and Plot 6 (89.47%). Especially, the germination of the pine seed banks in the Pinus densiflora community compared to other tree species appeared in all. In Quercus mongolica community, Quercus mongolica did not appear among the seeds germinated in the seek bank, but the other tree species constituting the under layer of the community. In case of the restoration based on the actual vegetation, it is desirable to sue the lower layer of vegetation as the model for the making of its alternatives for restoration works of the species.

Climate change is known to affect both natural and managed ecosystems, and will likely impact on the terrestrail carbon balance. This paper reports the effects of climate change on spatial-temporal changes in carbon reductions in South Korea's during 2000-2100. Future carbon (C) stock distributions are simulated for the same period using various spatial data sets including land cover, net primary production(NPP) and leaf area index (LAI) obtained from MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), and climate data from Data Assimilation Office(DAO) and Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA). This study attempts to predict future NPP using multiple linear regression and to model dependence of soil respiration on soil temperature. Plants store large amounts of carbon during the growing periods. During 2030-2100, Carbon accumulation in vegetation was increased to 566~610gC/m2/year owing to climate change. On the other hand, soil respiration is a key ecosystem process that releases carbon from the soil in the form of carbon dioxide. The estimated soil respiration spatially ranged from 49gC/m2/year to 231gC/m2/year in the year of 2010, and correlating well with the reference value. This results include Spatial-Temporal C reduction variation caused by climate change. Therefore this results is more comprehensive than previous results. The uncertainty in this study is still large, but it can be reduced if a detailed map becomes available.

이 연구는 남부 아시아 지역에서의 식생활동과 엘니뇨-남방진동(ENSO)현상과 관련된 적도 기후 간의 관련성을 상관 및 회귀 분석을 통하여 규명하였다. 남부 아시아의 표준화된 식생 지수(NDVI)는 적도 동태평양 NINO 3.4 지역의 상층대기 장파복사플럭스 그리고 해수면 기압과 유의한 양의 상관성을 보였고, 해수면 온도 그리고 850hPa 동서 바람장과는 유의한 음의 상관성을 나타냈다. 이러한 ENSO 기후와 남부 아시아 지역의 식생활동 간의 부적인 관련성은 El Niño해에 보여지는 남부 아시아 지역에서의 건조 기후와 관련이 있다. 남부아시아 계절별 NDVI의 총 변동성의 58%가 회귀모델에서 선택된 2개의 변수들에 의해 설명 되었다.회귀모델 결과들은 모델 잔차들의 정규성 및 독립성을 보여 주었고, 또한 관측 NDVI와 모델에 의한 예측NDVI 간의 일치성이 통계적으로 검증 되었다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate distribution of the vegetation and insects of coastal dunes in the Yangyang area. The field survey was carried out Osan and Dongho coastal dunes during the period from June to July 2008. A total of 68 taxa were identified including 30 families, 60 genera, 59 species, and 9 varieties. 1 species(Glehnia littoralis) was recorded as designated rare plant of Korea Forest Service. The naturalized plants were 8 families, 13 species. The urbanization rate of naturalization index was 4.8% and 19.1% respectively. The land insect appeared with the 10 order, 23 families including 10 Korean specific species and 16 environmental indicator species for coastal dune. The species in Order Coleoptera was most, followed by Hemiptera, Orthoptera and Odonata respectively.

본 연구에서는 식생이 포설된 홍수터를 포함하는 복단면 개수로 흐름의 수위를 예측하기 위하여 유효 전단응력기법에 근거한 일차원 모형을 제시하였다. 제안된 모형은 주수로와 홍수터 접합부에서 발생하는 운동량 교환효과를 와점성계수 개념을 이용하여 반영할 수 있다. 주수로와 홍수터의 경계에서 발생하는 경계와점성계수는 3차원 레이놀즈 응력 모형을 이용하여 결정하였다. 경계와점성계수의 영향을 파악하기 위하여 민감도분석을 수행하였다. 경계와점성계수의 변화에 대하여 배

This research was made to investigate the effects of burned, which is made in the early spring every year at Saebyeol-Oreum from 2003 to 2009, on changes in vegetation on the grassland. The results of analyzing the characteristics of the lay of the land showed that the proportion of the surface land that had the angle of azimuth and the angle of slope in the range of southeast 135°~180° accounting for 73.89% and 21°~30° accounting 58.33% of the entire surface land, respectively, was found to be highest. The results of the analysis showed that the relative importance value was found to be lowered from 27.07 in 2003 to 19.47 in 2009, and this can be attributable to the relative importance value of Artemisia japonica having been heightened from 7.07 in 2003 to 16.23 in 2009. The reason that the relative importance value of Artemisia japonica was found to be high is thought to be that vegetation on the surface land was removed by burned in the early spring and, due to this, the dry surface of soil and the high slope accelerated the soil erosion and could not provide proper environment of the growth and development for Imperata cylindrical and Miscanthus sinensis, so Imperata cylindrical and Miscanthus sinensis were excluded and Artemisia japonica whose importance value had been highest have flourished. Researches to maintain the current vegetation on the burned location of Saebyeol-Oreum and to adjust physical characteristics of soil to restore vegetation and the proper time and cycle of burned should be conducted.

The purpose of this study is to grasp what characterizes the vegetation base of the natural forest as a latent vegetation in the middle region of Korea and thus to offer basic data when improving the vegetation base in the middle region being built or to be built in the future. The findings of this soil section survey show the following: The soil is brown to red color soil group on the whole. In addition, the soil’s physical features like soil hardness are rated as high level, which results from the fact that the forest soil exits in its natural form under less influence of stamping. The pH of soil shows a weak acidity, like Korean normal soil. Specific electrical conductance is also rated as middle to high level in accordance with the standards of landscape architecture. The Salix koreensis community and the Pinus rigida community are different from other communities in terms of total nitrogen, available phosphate and exchangeable K+ content. Specifically, the two communities are opposed to each other in terms of total nitrogen and available phosphate, while being similar to each other in terms of available phosphate and exchangeable K+ content. This seems to result from the fact that they are located near each other. In addition, the two communities are characterized by the fact that they are distributed at the altitude mean relatively lowest and in the valley. To sum up, the forest soil around Goesan Gun is of middle level on the whole according to the landscape standards, when judging it in terms of vegetation base. Accordingly, it seems that the construction of the vegetation base around Goesan Gun will not require large investment expenses for soil improvement. Also, it seems that the spatial scope of research is needed to expand the basic data on the construction of the vegetation base for the whole middle region of Korea.

낙동강 상류에 위치한 안동, 임하 댐 하류 하천에서 두 댐에 의한 충적하천의 변화와 식생이입 현상을 정성적, 정량적으로 조사, 분석하였다. 하천형태 및 하상재료 분석 결과, 댐 하류는 전반적으로 저하되었고 일부 구간은 최대 3m 이상 세굴 되었다. 하상재료도 전반적으로 임하댐 건설 전 평균 1.5mm에서 건설 후 2.5mm로 조립화되었다. 댐 건설로 인한 하상소류력의 감소는 사주에 식생 활착을 촉진시켰으며, 그 결과 사주의 식생이입률은 1971년 자연

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the vegetation structure and distributional characteristics of Abies koreana forests in Mt. Halla, and to provide basicdata for an ecological study on Abies koreana in Mt. Halla. The results of the analysis showed that the mean importance percentage(M.I.P.) of Abies koreana in the Youngsil and Bangaeoreum and the Azalea field were 28.3%, 23.6%, and 46.4%, respectively. The ratios of DBH (diameter at breast height) to height were similar in all region, except in the Azalea field, where Abies koreana of various ages, both young and old, were found. The species diversity (H) of the upper and lower layers in the Youngsil and Bangaeoreum and in the Azalea field were 0.625 and 0.810, 0.731 and 0.848, and 0.342 and 0.757, respectively. A total of 52 community were distributed at locations higher than 1,300m above sea level. The proportions of each community in the whole Abies koreana forest were 56.5%(Azalea field), 11.0% (Youngsil trail at 1,550-1,650 m above sea level), and 8.1%(Janggumok and Kundurewat region). The total area of the Abies koreana forest was calculated to be 795.3ha by combining all the areas of each community. An Abies koreana forest with the largest area was found at locations 1,500-1,600 m above sea level, taking up 38.8% of the total Abies koreana forest area. For the slopes of the distributional area of Abies koreana, 46.1%(highest proportion) of the total area was 10~25°, and for the azimuth of the distributional area, 17.4%(the highest proportion) of the total area was 0-45°. The vegetation structure showed large differences between areas. It was found, however, that the distribution was mostly in the areas with a relatively gentle slope. It is suggested that research be done to forecast the possible changes in the differences in the vegetation structures between different areas caused by climate changes. In addition, there is a need to monitor the Abies koreana and alpine plants in the subalpine zones of Mt. Halla, which are sensitive to climate change, to obtain the basic data that are necessary for the protection and maintenance of the ecosystem.

인천시 무의도 습지 주변에 분포하는 관속식물의 현황과 분포특성을 파악하였다. 무의도 습지의 식생은 2개의 군락군과 6개의 군락으로 구분되었다. 습지 내에는 땅귀개-흰개수염 군락군으로 대표되며 2개의 군락(고양이수염군락과 갈대군락)이 분포하였고 습지 주변에는 오리나무 군락군으로 대표되며 4개의 군락(진퍼리새군락, 쇠보리군락, 졸참나무군락, 리기다소나무-억새군락)으로 구분되었다. 관속식물의 종류조성은 30과 53속 50종 8변종, 총 58분류군이며, 그중 피자식물이 주축을 이루고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이들 중 한국특산식물이 관찰되지 않았으며, 산림청이 지정한 희귀 및 멸종위기종은 땅귀개와 이삭귀개, 2분류군으로 조사되었다. 귀화식물은 아까시나무, 1분류군만이 관찰되었다. 환경부의 식물구계학적 특정식물종은 V등급이 땅귀개와 이삭귀개 등 2분류군, II등급은 돌양지꽃, I등급은 굴참나무와 애기쉽싸리 등 2분류군이 조사되었다. 소산식물의 생활형을 보면, 수생식물이 전체의 20.7%인 12종류로 가장 많았으며 1년생식물은 1종류만이 관찰되었다. 무의도의 marsh형 습지는 다양한 습지식물이 분포하며, 식충식물인 땅귀개와 이삭귀개가 우점하고 물이끼가 분포하는 것으로 보아 Bog(산성습원)형태로 진행 중인 습지로 판단된다. 습지의 주변은 인간간섭에 의한 훼손이 발생하고 있으므로 시급한 보전대책이 있어야 하겠다.

The purpose of this study was to explain community structure for actual vegetation and their environment variables in Anmyeon Island. Samples were collected for 106 plots using ZM phytosociology method and coincidence method. Actual vegetation were classified into three vegetations types(forest vegetation type, maritime vegetation type, lake vegetation type) and eleven community units. Pourthiaea villosa community in forest vegetation type was divided into 5 groups such as Carpinus coreana group, Pinus rigida group, Chamaecyparis obtusa group, Castanea crenata group and Typical group. Maritime vegetation type was divided into 3 communities, such as Vitex rotundifolia community, Koelreuteria paniculata community and Suaeda japonica community. V. rotundifolia community was subdivided into 2 groups, Rosa rugosa group and Diodia teres group. K. paniculata community was subdivided into 2 groups, Grewia biloba var. parviflora group and Typical group. Lake vegetation type was divided into 1 community, Nelumbo nucifera community. And it was entirely classified into 11 community units.

춘천 지역에 대한 관속식물의 분포와 식생을 파악하기 위하여 2006년 3월부터 2008년 9월까지 총 94회에 걸쳐 조사하였다. 그 결과 확인된 관속식물은 총 118과 496속 894종 2아종 132변종 38품종 등 총 1,066분류군이었다. 조사된 1,066분류군 중에는 한국특산식물 42분류군, 희귀 및 멸종위기식물 33분류군, 환경부지정 멸종위기야생식물 5분류군이 포함되어있다. 식물구계학적 특정식물종은 총 191분류군으로 나타났으며, 귀화식물은 71분류군으로 귀화율은 6.66%, 도시화지지수는 24.83으로 산출되었다. 식생은 신갈나무 군집, 소나무-신갈나무 군집, 신갈나무-고로쇠나무 군집, 신갈나무-굴참나무 군집, 신갈나무-물박달나무 군집 등 5개의 군집으로 구분되었으며, 신갈나무림이 춘천지역을 대표하는 식생으로 나타났다.

본 연구에서는 식물의 하천공학적 접근방식을 통하여 식생생육과 자연환경과의 연관성을 밝히고 차후 자연형 하천을 이해하고 설계․시공함에 있어 건전한 생태적 환경 복원과 생물다양성 증진에 그 목적을 두었다. 평창강, 복하천 그리고 경안천의 식물상은 평창강 51과 202종, 복하천 33과 142종 그리고 경안천 42과 175종으로 하천 길이가 가장 긴 평창강이 출현식물 종수가 가장 많이 나타났다. 성상별 출현종은 관목 및 만경류가 44종, 일․이년생 초본류가 102종, 다년생 초본류가 137종으로 다년생 초본류가 풍부하게 존재하고, 목본류도 많은 분포를 나타내는 것으로 조사되었다토양산도(pH)는 평창강은 6.98이었고, 복하천은 5.18, 경안천은 6.61로 경안천의 pH가 낮은 경향이었다. 토성(ST, soil texture)의 모래(ST3) 구성비는 평창강이 평균 67.68%이고, 복하천의 평균은 66.90%, 경안천의 평균은 65.37%로 3개 하천의 구성비가 유사한 경향이었다. 세사(ST1) 100㎛이하 입자의 구성비는 평창강이 평균 8.66%로 하류로 갈수록 세사(ST1)의 함량이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study was to explain relationship between community structure and their environment variables in Mt. Hwaak. Samples were collected by 101 plots using ZM phytosociological method and followed by cluster, importance value and canonical correspondence analysis. The forest vegetation classified into 8 community types such as Pinus densiflora community, Berberis amurensis community, Betula ermani community, Betula schmidtii community, Larix leptolepis community, Pinus koraiensis community, Cornus controversa community and Salix koreensis community. Altitude was considered as the highest factor correlated to the community types. Berberis amurensis community and Betula ermani community were located in upper slope area of high elevation, Cornus controversa community and Salix koreensis community in valley area, and Pinus densiflora community in ridge area, respectively.

A study on vegetation in the Mangyeong River and Dongjin River basins and the surrounding regions of the Saemangeum Reclaimed Land was conducted in a series of efforts to determine the expected ecological changes in the salt marshes, to restore their vegetation, to explore the restoring force of halophyte, to examine the community mechanism and, ultimately, to rehabilitate marshy land vegetation along the lakeside, coastal dune and salt marshes of the Saemangeum Project Area. The findings of the study may be summed up as follows: Five species such as Suaeda japonica, Salicornia herbacea, Atriplex gmelini, Aster tripolium and Suaeda asparagoides that are mostly distributed in the estuary of the Saemangeum Reclaimed Land were analyzed to examine the mechanism of halophyte to maintain their community. To find out the strategies of plants for survival and the cause of forming community structure, a research was made as for appearance ratio of biomass, root lengths and germination. With regard to biomasses of halophyte, the biomass of Suaeda japonica increases rapidly, while Salicornia herbacea adopts a strategy of unstable growth pattern by which the biomass increases slowly in parallel with its slow speed of growth since initial appearance of young sapling. In contrast, Suaeda asparagoides, Atriplex gmelini and Aster tripolium choose to adapt themselves to environment promptly by being transformed into life form of annual or biennial plant, a pattern that is presumed to be favorable and stable for survival in the later stage of growth. In short, there is a sharp distinction among the 5 species: i.e. Suaeda japonica that begins to grow fast in the length of surface and underground section but slows down from the mid-stage on; Salicornia herbacea that grows slowly in the beginning step but starts to step up from the middle onward; Atriplex gmelini and Aster tripolium growing slowly in the initial stage but fast later on; and Suaeda asparagoides that turns from the constant growth in the beginning to rapid growth in the later period. The outcomes of the analysis into status of growth and influencing factors of Suaeda japonica in the sowing field that is most widely prevalent in the Saemangeum Reclaimed Land as a sort of ecological pioneer in the salt marshes showed that the average size of grass lands, density and number of individuals increase in the natural sowing field as well as in the plowing field regardless of their physical as well as physico-chemical features of the soil as the season progresses from June to October of a year.

A study on vegetation in the Mangyeong River and Dongjin River basins and the surrounding regions of the Saemangeum Reclaimed Land was conducted in a series of efforts to determine the expected ecological changes in the salt marshes, to restore their vegetation, to explore the restoring force of halophyte, to examine the community mechanism and, ultimately, to rehabilitate marshy land vegetation along the lakeside, coastal dune and salt marshes of the Saemangeum Project Area. The findings of the study may be summed up as follows: Five species such as Suaeda japonica, Salicornia herbacea, Atriplex gmelini, Aster tripolium and Suaeda asparagoides that are mostly distributed in the estuary of the Saemangeum Reclaimed Land were analyzed to examine the mechanism of halophyte to maintain their community. To find out the strategies of plants for survival and the cause of forming community structure, a research was made as for appearance ratio of young sapling. From the results of laboratory analysis into dynamics of the saplings of halophyte, it was revealed that the germination ratio of the dry area and submerged area decreases in the order of Suaeda asparagoides, Suaeda japonica, Salicornia herbacea, Atriplex gmelini and Aster tripolium.