복숭아혹진딧물(Myzus persicae Sulzer)은 넓은 기주범위를 가지고 있으며 이 들에 의한 피해는 섭식으로 인한 작물 생장저해와 감로 배설로 인한 그을음 병과 바이러스를 매개함으로서 심각한 피해를 주고 있는 해충으로 알려져 있 다. 이 해충에 등록되어 오랫동안 사용되어온 피레스로이드계열의 살충제는 인축에는 저독성이나 곤충에는 살충력이 강한 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 최 근 저항성이 나타남에 따라 복숭아혹진딧물의 방제를 위해 사용되는 etofenprox에 대한 복숭아혹진딧물의 저항성 개체군과 감수성 개체군을 비교하였다. 실험 방법으로는 etofenprox와 다른 성분의 합성피레스로이드 살충제를 사용하였고 life table, EPG 및 살충활성을 검정하였다. 사용 추천농도로 처리된 etofenprox의 분무 결과에 대한 살충율은 저항성 개 체군이 62%, 감수성개체군이 99%로 나타났다. 약제에 대한 감수성정도의 차 이를 보인 두 개체군간의 기주에서의 생태적 특성비교를 위해 Life table 실험 을 수행한 결과 저항성 개체군의 평균 수명은 15.6일, 성충이 되기까지의 기 간은 평균 4.7일, 산자력은 평균 46.8마리였고, 감수성 개체군의 평균수명은 17.9일, 성충이 되기까지의 기간은 평균 5.2일, 산자력은 평균 39.7마리였다. 다른 합성피레스로이드계열의 살충제 처리결과, 저항성 개체군이 deltametrin에 서 31%, lambda cyhalothrin에서 23%, cypermethrin에서 14%, α-cypermethrin에서 20%, fenpropathrin에서 28%, fenvalerate에서 29%로 나타났고, 감수성 개체군은 deltametrin에서 90%, lambda cyhalothrin에서 92%, cypermethrin에서 81%, α -cypermethrin에서 70%, fenpropathrin에서 29%, fenvalerate에서 84%로 나타났다. 약제 처리 후 섭식 반응을 알아보기 위하여 EPG system을 이용하여 섭식 반 응 시작 후 1시간 후에 etofenprox를 4,000배 농도로 처리했을 때 저항성 개체 군은 분무 후에 더 강하게 섭식을 보인 반면, 감수성 개체군은 섭식을 하지 않았다.

딱정벌레목의 곤충의 페로몬은 나비목의 페로몬과는 달리 매우 다양한 구 조를 보이고 있으며, 그 생합성 과정에서도 이러한 다양성을 보이고 있다. 거 저리과(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)의 페로몬 또한 다양성을 보여, Tribolium castenum, T. confusum, T. freemani의 4,8-dimethyldecanal, Tenebrio molitor의 4-methyl-1-nonanol, (Z)-3-dodecenyl aceatate, Gnatocerus cornutus의 (+)-acoradiene, a-cedrene-14-al이 페로몬으로 이용되며, Te. molitor의 페로몬은 지방산 경로를 통해, G. cornutus 는 테르펜 경로를 통해 생합성 되는 다양함을 보인다. 한편, Tribolium spp.의 페로몬은 4,8-DMD의 구조로부터 지방산 경로 또는 mevalonate를 경유하는 테 르펜 생합성 경로로부터 생합성 될 수 있음을 보인다. 이에 Tribolium spp.의 집합 페로몬 4,8-DMD의 생합성 과정을, T. castaneum을 대상으로 대사 저해제 를 통한 생합성 경로의 유추, 동위 원소 표식된 생합성 구성 단위(building block)에 의한 생합성 경로 확인 및 합성된 동위원소 표식 예상 전구 물질를 통한 생합성 대사과정의 확인을 통해 구명하였다. 본 소모임에서는 페로몬 생 합성 과정을 구명하기 위해 행하여진 위 실험들에 관하여 소개하고자 한다

AQUA/AMSR-E 인공위성 자료를 활용하여 3차원 최적내삽 해수면온도 합성장을 생산하였고 시간평균장과 비교하여 문제점과 한계점을 기술하였다. 3-D SST 합성장은 북태평양 중앙부에서 전체적으로 0.05˚C 이하의 작은 오차를 보였으나, 위성 결측이 있는 연안에서는 0.4˚C 이상의 비교적 큰 오차를 유발하였다. 강한 강수나 구름으로 인한 결측이 있는 부분에서는 0.1-0.15˚C에 달하는 오차를 보였다. 시간평균장과 비교한 결과, 구름 부근의 화소에서는 해수면온도를 낮게 계산하는 경향이 있었으며, 해수면온도의 공간적 구배를 감소시키는 평활화가 전체적으로 나타났다. 적도 부근 저위도에서 OI SST는 실제 해수면온도에는 없는 불연속성을 만드는 경향이 있었고, 이는 OI 과정에서 사용한 윈도우의 크기와 해양 현상의 수평 규모가 위도에 따라 변화하는데서 기인하였다. 현상의 공간 규모의 척도인 로스비 내부변형 반경은 북태평양에서 O(1) 정도로 위도에 따른 공간적 변화가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 SST합성장 생산과정에 위도와 해수의 수직적 밀도 구조와 밀접한 관련이 있는 해양 현상의 수평적 규모의 시공간적 변동 특성을 고려해야 함을 제시한다.

The ultrafine titanium carbonitride particles () below 100nm in mean size were successfully synthesized by Mg-thermal reduction process. The nanostructured sub-stoichiometric titanium carbide () particles were produced by the magnesium reduction at 1123K of gaseous and the heat treatments in vacuum were performed for five hours to remove residual magnesium and magnesium chloride mixed with . And final phase was obtained by nitrification under normal gas at 1373K for 2 hrs. The purity of produced particles was above 99.3% and the oxygen contents below 0.2 wt%. We investigated in particular the effects of the temperatures in vacuum treatment on the particle refinement of final product.

Nanopowders of and FeAl were fabricated by high energy ball milling. Dense 4.25 composite was simultaneously synthesized and consolidated by high frequency induction heated combustion method within 2 min from mechanically activated powders. Consolidation was accomplished under the combined effects of a induced current and mechanical pressure of 80 MPa.

In chemistry, the study of sonochemistry is concerned with understanding the effect of sonic waves and wave properties on chemical systems. In the area of chemical kinetics, it has been observed that ultrasound can greatly enhance chemical reactivity in a number of systems by as much as a million-fold. Nano-technology is a super microscopic technology in which structures of 100 nanometers or smaller can be investigated. This technology has been used to develop TiO2 materials and TiO2 devices of that size. Thus far, electrochemistry methods and photochemistry methods have generally been used to create TiO2 nano-size particles. However, these methods are complicated and create pollutants as a by-product. In the present study, nano-scale silver particles (5 nm) were prepared in a sonochemistry method. Sonochemistry deals with mechanical energy that is provided by the collapse of cavitation bubbles that form in solutions during exposure to ultrasound. TiO2 powders 25 nm in size doped with Ag were formed using an ultrasonic sound technique. The experimental results showed the high possibility of removing pollution through the action of a photocatalyst. This powder synthesis technique can be considered as an environmentally friendly powder-forming processing owing to its energy saving characteristics.

To search a new pig pheromonal odorant, the N1-allyl-N2-(tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl)oxalamide molecule predicted by ligand based approach and molecular docking method was synthesized by nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction (AdNU-E) between N-allyloxalamic acid ethylester and tetrahydrofurylmethylamine. According to the evaluation results for efficiency of pig estrus control, the synthesized pig pheromonal N1-allyl-N2-(tetrahydrofuran-2- ylmethyl)oxalamide molecule advanced the estrus by 11.3 days (p<0.05) compared with the non-pheromone group. And from these results, it is predicted that the synthesized pig pheromonal compound will be able to increase the reproduction efficiency of pig.

Antistatic acrylic resin is made from n-butyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate(DMAEMA), 2-ethyl hexyl methacrylate, hydroxy ethyl methacrylate, 2,2'-azobis iso-butyronitrile by synthesis. To achieve a lowest surface resistance of antistatic acrylic resin was applied to a variety of synthesis processes. The acrylic resin has been determined from the value of surface resistance and -then the antistatic acrylic resin including dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate of the 10%, 20% and 30% is synthesized. Finally, dimethyl sulfate(DMS) on a variety of weight ratios is added to antistatic acrylic resin. When DMAEMA / DMS weight ratio is 1/1, antistatic acrylic resin isn't haze the lower the surface resistance. Compared to the traditional antistatic agent, all aspects of the physical properties is outstanding.

The inorganic-organic composite particles with core-shell structure were polymerized by using styrene and potassium persulfate (KPS) as a shell monomer and an initiator, respectively. We studied the effect of surfactants on the core-shell structure of silicone dioxide/styrene composite particles polymerized in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS), polyoxyethylene alkylether sulfate (EU-S133D), and at none surfactant condition. We found that SiO2 core / polystyrene(PS) shell structure was formed when polymerization of styrene was conducted on the surface of SiO2 particles, and the concentration SDS and EU-Sl33D was 8.34×10-2mole/L. The core-shell structure was confirmed by measuring the thermal decomposition of the polymer composite using thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and the morphology of the composite particles was characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM).

In this work, the synthetic approaches for a series of aminopyrimiclinylmethanone derivatives 1a-i, which versatile biological activities such as antibacterial and anticancer activities are expected from a structural point of view, were described. Nicotinic acid was converted to (2-methylsulfonylpyrimidin-4-yl) (pyridin-3-yl)methanone, a key intermediate, which was reacted with nucleophiles to yield the desired aminopyrimidinylmethanone derivatives 1a-i bearing various substituents.

Cinnamate를 곁사슬로 포함하는 감광성 고분자를 poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA)로부터 합성하였다. Cinnamate 기가 25에서 97mol%까지 치환된 감광성 고분자를 PHEMA와 cinnamoyl chloride의 반응을 통해 합성하였으며, 반응 조건에 따른 치환율의 변화를 조사하였다. 합성된 고분자는 H-NMR과 FT-IR을 이용하여 구조 확인하였으며, DSC와 TGA를 이용한 열분석을 행하였다. 얻어진 고분자의 광 반응성은 UV/VIS spectrophotometer를 이용하여 확인하였고, 편광 자외선 조사를 이용한 액정의 광배향 특성에 대해서 연구하였다.

Nanostructured was synthesized to have high density via rapid and cost effective process named as high-frequency induction heated combustion synthesis(HFIHCS) method. For the process, mechanically activated Re-Si powder was used, which had been prepared by mechanical ball milling of Re and Si powders with mixing ratio of 1:1.75. Both combustion synthesis and densification were accomplished simultaneously by applying electric current and mechanical pressure of 80 MPa during the process. The average grain size, hardness, and fracture toughness of the compound were 210 nm, 1085 and 4 , respectively. The experimental results show that HFIHCS is a promising process for synthesis of nanostructured which has a potential for both high temperature and thermo-electric applications

Ni-GDC (gadolinia-doped ceria) composite powders, the anode material for the application of solid oxide fuel cells, were prepared by a solution reduction method using hydrazine. The distribution of Ni particles in the composite powders was homogeneous. The Ni-GDC powders were sintered at 1400˚C for 2 h and then reduced at 800˚C for 24 h in 3% H2. The percolation limit of Ni of the sintered composite was 20 vol%, which was significantly lower than these values in the literature (30-35 vol%). The marked decrease of percolation limit is attributed to the small size of the Ni particles and the high degree of dispersion. The hydrazine method suggests a facile chemical route to prepare well-dispersed Ni-GDC composite powders.

To prepare a solution type acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive, quarter polymers were synthesized from butyl acrylate(BA), 2-ethylhexylacrylate(2-EHA) as a base monomer, methyl methacrylate(MMA) as a comonomer, each of methacrylic acid(MAA), acrylic acid(AA) as a functional monomer. Acrylic solution type pressure-sensitive adhesives(PSA's) of isocyanate derivative crosslinking PSA's were prepared by crosslinking of BEMM, BEMA with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate. The structure of adhesive was identified by FT-IR. The viscosity was measured by using Brookfield DV-III and molecular weight was measured by using gel permeation chromatography. The physical properties of polyethylene film coated with BEMMT, BEMAT were measured as a function of the concentration. As the result, BEMMT(0.6, 0.8), BEMAT(0.6) showed peel adhesion of 160~180 gf/25 mm width and shear adhesion of more than 24 hours, and tackiness of 4/32~6/32 which was relevant to commercial usage.

The acrylic coating emulsions were prepared by the emulsion polymerization to protect the surface of steel plate from the corrosion chemicals like acid, base and salt water. MMA(methyl methacrylate), styrene, BA(butyl acrylate), and 2-HEMA(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) were used as monomer. KPS(potassium persulfate) and SBS(sodium bisulfite) as redox initiator and SDBS(sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate) as emulsifier were used on the emulsion polymerization reaction. The most stable in-situ coating was obtained when 10% of MMA was added. Both particle size and quantity in emulsion were decreased as increasing the mount of SDBS. the most stable prepared coating emulsion with polyisocyanate crosslinker showed very high anticorrosion properties on the coated steel layer to salt water, whereas no significant improvement of anticorrosion property to acdic and basic condition it showed.

Aluminum nitride (AlN) powders were prepared by the chemical vapor synthesis (CVS) process in the system. Aluminum chloride () as the starting material was gasified in the heating chamber of . Aluminum chloride gas transported to the furnace in atmosphere at the gas flow rate of 200-400ml/min. For samples synthesized between 700 and , the XRD peaks corresponding to AlN were comparatively sharp and also showed an improvement of crystallinity with increasing the reaction temperature. In additions, the average particle size of the AlN powders decreased from 250 to 40 nm, as the reaction temperature increased.

Colored tantalum oxy-nitride (TaON) and tantalum nitride () were synthesized by ammonolysis. Oxygen deficient tantalum oxides () were produced by a titration process, using a tantalum chloride () precursor. The stirring speed and the amount of were important factors for controling the crystallinity of tantalum oxides. The high crystallinity of tantalum oxides improved the degree of nitridation which was related to the color value. Synthesized powders were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and Colorimeter.