The purposes of this study were to : (a) investigate overall operating conditions of university residence hall foodservice, (b) compare them by the management systems. Questionnaires were hand delivered and mailed to 73 foodservice managers. A total of 56 were usable; resulting in 76.7% response rate. The survey was conducted between October, 1998 and May, 1999. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SAS/Win 6.12 for Descriptive Analysis, 2-test. Sixty-four percent of the foodservice operations were 'self-operated'; 23% were 'contracted'; and 13% were 'rented'. Eighty-three percent of operations provided 'single menu'; forty-six percent of foodservice operations with 'partially self-service'; and forty-one percent with 'complete self-service'. Forty-four percent of overall foodservice operations provided 1,000-2,000 meals per day; thirty-one percent provided less than 1,000 meals per day, and twenty-four percent provided more than 2,000 meals per day. The highest meal price was 1,950 won and the lowest was 700 won with average of 1,295 won. The mean number of employees was 12.2; the number of working hours was 59.7 hours per week.

The objectives of this study were to analyze customer satisfaction by operational characteristics in business & industry foodservice operated by contracted foodservice management company. The instruments were developed by reviewing literatures on customer satisfaction and by intervewing with managers, employers and customers. A total of 1000 questionnaires were hand delivered at the ten contracted foodservice operations by designated coordinators. A total of 833 questionnaires were usable; resulting in an 83.3% response rate. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SAS 6.04 for description, T-test, ANOVA. Overall customer satisfaction score for office building foodservice was significantly higher than those for manufacturing company foodservice. As for the type of management contracts, overall customer satisfaction score for management fee contracts was significantly higher than those for profit and loss contracts. With regard to payment method, overall customer satisfaction score for meal card was higher than those for POS system. Concerning the categories of service, overall customer satisfaction for combo-tray service was higher than those for cafeteria-tray service and partially self-service. As for types of menus, the score of overall customer satisfaction was not significantly different between cafeteria menu and double choice menu.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the foodservice management practices in child-care centers in order to provide basic information for the development of a model of a centralized food service information center. This approach was achieved using a variety of qualitative and quantitative information including general foodservice management practices and plate waste. A self-completed questionnaire survey of 651 child-care centers in Korea was undertaken and detailed information was carefully collected at 6 representative child-care centers. The results of the empirical survey were as follows: 1. Child-care centers categorized by location were in large cities (59.9%), medium cities (27.6%) and in provincial areas (12.5). 2. Private sector of child-care centers was 46.4% of the total followed by National/public (44.2%) and licensed home day-care programs (9.4%). 3. Total average number of children in child-care centers was 63.3±43.1 with a very significant difference (p〈0.001) in types of child-care centers. 4. The average space of kitchen and dining room was 5.0±3.8 and 10.8±11.0 pyung (1pyung=3.3058 cm2). 5. The average cost of interim snack in morning and afternoon in child-care centers were 345.9±459.3 won and 359.3±226.6 won respectively. The average cost of lunch was 644.0±481.1 won. There was a significant difference (p〈0.001) by types of child-care centers with a highest cost of 863.9 won in licensed home day-care programs. 6. Only a limited number of dietitian were employed, therefore most of food service management practice was not conducted by professional personnel. 7. The result of nutritional analysis of the food revealed that the level of energy and nutrients contained in the food was below the recommeded level (RDA/3).

이 연구는 초·중등 교사들의 인식에 기반한 메이커 교육 운영 현황을 탐색 하는 것이다. 이에 초·중등 교육 현장에서 메이커 교육을 운영한 경험이 있는 교사들을 대상으로 메이커 교육 관련 교원 연수, 학교 내 인적 지원, 학교 내 물리적·재정적 지원 측면에서 인식을 살펴보았다. 조사 결과, 교사들이 초·중등교육 현장에서 메이커 교육을 운영하게 된 동기는 ‘교육 현장의 요구’와 ‘미래 인재의 양성’인 것으로 나타났으며, 메이커 교육 활동 방법은 대부분 ‘코딩 방법 및 아두이노 사용 방법 교육’으로 진행한 것으로 나타났다. 메이커 교육 관련 지원 정도에 대한 인식 조사 결과, 메이 커 교육 관련 교원 연수에 대한 인식은 ‘교원 연수 프로그램 부족’, ‘교원 연수 프로그램 내용 개선 필요’로 나타났다. 또한, 학교 내 인적 지원에 대한 인식은 ‘관심의 부족’, ‘메이커 교육에 대한 부정 적 인식’, 학교 내 물리적･재정적 지원에 대한 인식은 ‘활동 공간 부족’, ‘장비, 도구 부족’인 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 교사들의 인식에 기반한 메이커 운영 현황 탐색 결과를 바탕으로 공 교육 내 메이커 교육 도입 및 확산 방향 시사점에 대해 논의하였다.

Heat watch warning systems are operating in Korea and several other countries (China, the United Kingdom, France, the United States, Germany, Australia, and Japan). The heat wave indices used in this system are the heat index, perceived temperature, the wet bulb globe temperature, and the daily maximum temperature. To improve the heat wave advisory and warning system, some suggestions have been made. The meteorological-health index (i.e., indirect index), has especially been proposed in previous studies. This information should be provided not only to vulnerable groups (seniors, infants, and children), but also to outdoor workers who may be particularly exposed to heat waves. In addition, to have sufficient preemptive response times, the need for an extension of the heat watch warning period was suggested. Finally, the subdivision of administrative units and risk stages was proposed.

학교 주변 자투리땅에 각종 농작물을 심어 농사도 체험하고 생산된 농작물을 학교 급식에 활용하는 스쿨팜이 인기를 끌고 있다. 스쿨팜을 운영하는 학교는 지속적으로 증가하는 추세로 정규수업·특별활동 등을 통해 교육이 이뤄지고 있으며 스쿨팜을 활용한 수업의 교육적 효과 는 ‘매우 효과적이다’ 67%, ‘효과적이다’ 32%로, 교육효과에 대해 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 직접 심고 수확하는 과정을 통해 자연을 배 우고 학생들의 정서함양에 도움을 주면서 친구에 대한 적대감이나 공격성이 줄어든다든지 패스트푸드에 익숙한 학생들이 안 먹던 채소를 먹게 되었다는 긍정적인 효과를 낳고 있다. 이렇게 새로운 교육의 장으로 주목받고 있는 학교의 스쿨팜 운영현황을 서울시농업기술센터가 지원하고 있는‘스쿨팜’기반으로 조사하였다. 2012년부터 2017년 현재까지 서울시 농업기슬센터의 스쿨팜 운영지원사업 참여 초등학교는 216개교(전체 602개의 35%), 중학교는 30개 교(388개의 7%),고등학교는 15개교(전체 326개의 4%)로 나타났으며 상급학교로 올라감에 따라 스쿨팜 조성 비율이 현저히 줄어듦을 알 수 있다. 23개 자치구별로 살펴보면, 전체 교육기관대비 스쿨팜 참여비율이 높게 난 지역은 강서구 74%, 노원구 71%, 송파구 67% 순이며, 종로 구는 24%로 최저를 나타내 지역별로 최대 3배의 차이 나는 등 큰 편차를 보이고 있다. 스쿨팜 공간에 대한 유형으로는 농지형, 화분(상자)형, 혼합형으로 구분되는데, 스쿨팜 조성비율이 높은 3개구인 강서구, 노원구, 송파구는 각각 농지형, 화분형, 농지형이 많은 것으로 조사되었다. 타지역구 대비 녹지 비율이 높은 강남구, 송파구, 서초구의 스쿨팜 조성 비율은 각기 56%, 67%, 40%였으며, 녹지비율이 낮은 광진구의 경 우 35%로 나타났다. 상기 결과를 종합해 보면, 각 지역별 혹은 초·중·고별로 스쿨팜 조성의 편차가 있는 것으로 나타났으며 이는 지역별 혹은 초·중·고별 특성을 반영하고 있는 것으로 판단되는 바, 각각 상황에 맞춘 스쿨팜 조성 지원사업이 이루어진다면 더 많은 학생들이 스쿨팜의 혜택을 볼 수 기회 가 있을 것이다. 본 연구를 통해 알 수 있듯이 상급학교로 진학하면서 스쿨팜을 접할 기회가 줄어들고 있다. 자치구별 그리고 학교 (초·중·고)별로 스쿨팜 조성 비율 편차가 존재하는 원인을 근본적으로 파악해서 각 자치구별 맞춤형 지원이 이루어진다면 서울시 전체적으로 스쿨팜이 더 활성화 되는 계기가 될 것으로 판단된다.

There has been an increasing trend for the installation of pipeline waste collection systems for household waste in the massive complexes of new houses in Korea. This trend is attributed to the advantages of the system, which can reduce traffic congestion and keep the residential areas clean. The system also prevents odors and facilitates the easy discharge of waste by residents any time. However, several problems have been identified, whereby the installation and maintenance costs of the system are considerable and the system does not support separate discharge of recyclable wastes. For example, residents normally discharge food waste separate from disposable municipal solid waste at the waste drop, but some of the systems mix them at the bottom and transfer them together, which goes against resources recirculation, an important point of current waste management principles. Investigation into other countries’ experiences of the installation and operation of these systems will be a good lesson for Korea. Therefore, we studied Japan’s case, because they have a number of these systems between the 1970s and early 1990s as government-subsidized model projects led by the Ministry of Construction and the Ministry of Health and Welfare. However, it was done at a time when the reduction of discharge of wastes and recycling were not considered significant owing to rapid economic development, only focusing on the convenience of waste collection and transportation. Furthermore, energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions were not priorities to be considered. Now that the systems are not suitable for the current resource recycling-oriented society, none have been installed since 2002, and many facilities have been closed already, with a few facilities operating with difficulties. Therefore, the installation of pipeline collection systems for household waste should be further considered with appropriate measures to avoid the precedent experiences of Japan.

이 연구는 컨설팅장학이 전국적으로 시행된 지 3년 차가 되는 2013년도의 시･도교육청별 컨설팅 장학 운영현황, 공통점과 차이점을 비교･분석하고, 컨설팅장학의 질 제고를 위한 과제를 탐색하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 전국 17개 시‧도교육청의 자료를 수집‧분석하고, 보다 심층적인 분석을 위해 4개 시‧도교육청의 컨설팅장학 담당자를 대상으로 면담조사를 수행하였다. 컨설팅장학 운영현 황은 선행연구를 토대로 크게 실행영역, 인적영역, 지원영역으로 구분하여 분석하였다. 분석결과를 토대로 시･도교육청 교육정책과 컨설팅장학의 연계, 컨설턴트 연수과정의 심화 및 영역 다양화, 컨 설팅장학 운영사례 공유와 확산을 위한 시･도교육청 간 교류 확대 등을 개선과제로 제언하였다.

School closings in rural area continue to occur due to drops in population in those areas. Many studies have been done in order to effectively utilize such closed schools. However, there is a lack of studies targeting operators of the closed facilities for revitalization. Therefore, the goal of this research is understanding the real operational status of and finding solutions for the closed schools after studying the current operational status of the closed schools by conducting surveys with their operators. The survey was performed with closed-school-operators in Chungcheongnam-Do as the target; and the analysis was conducted regarding the acquisition type of the closed schools (purchase, lease), building condition, repair and construction status, annual visitors, operational days, operational fees, seasonal ups and downs, operational profits, and satisfaction of local government support. The results showed that there were differences with visitors and operational days along acquisition types as well as low operational profits and seasonal ups and downs including dissatisfaction of local government support. In this study, institutional and political improvement measurements were suggested for the effective operation of the closed facilities based on the main results.

환경1급 정교사 자격연수가 양성교육과 차이를 갖고 의미 있게 운영될 수 있도록 자격연수 현황과 문제점을 알고 발전 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 2007학년도까지 진행된 자격연수의 교육과정을 분석하고 2006학년도 연수생을 대상으로 설문하였으며, 면담과 인터넷 게시판 글을 정리하여 연구하였다. 중등학교 환경1급 정교사 자격연수는 2004학년도부터 2007학년도까지 총 4회 진행되었다. 진행된 연수의 교육과정은 연수원의 상황에 따라 교양, 교과교육, 교과내용 등의 교육과정이 다르게 구성되었고, 환경교사가 갖추어야 할 능력 향상을 위한 연수 수요자의 요구를 반영하지 못하였다. 연구자가 2006학년도 자격연수에 참여 면담한 결과 학교 현장에서 3년 이상의 경험을 갖춘 연수생들은 교사의 교과 전문성 향상을 위한 재교육을 목적이라고 생각하였으나, 실제 연수의 만족 요인으로는 교과 전문성 향상을 위한 재교육 보다는 다른 교사와의 만남을 중요한 만족도의 요인으로 생각하였다. 자격연수에서 연수생들은 교과교육학에 대한 최신의 정보와 교수․학습 영역의 연수를 원하였고, 환경교사가 갖추어야 할 능력 1순위로 환경교육철학 영역을 나타내 향후 자격연수에서 환경교육철학과 교수학습 영역을 중시하는 교육과정 운영이 반영되어야 할 것으로 분석되었다. 환경1급 정교사 자격연수가 보다 의미있는 연수가 되기 위해 연수 수요자의 요구를 바탕으로 환경교육과가 설치되어 있는 대학에서 체계적인 교육과정을 바탕으로 한 연수가 진행될 수 있도록 행정적・재정적 지원이 필요하다.

This study was carried out to find effective and well functioning methodology to achieve the goal of floral decoration course as a social education at institutes of life long education, by assessing & analizing the result of question are investigation measuring the degree of participants' satisfaction about the course. we came to following conclusion by statistical analysis of the investigation. Firstly, as for composition, 91% of the participants were female, 55% were in their twenties and thirties, 48.5% were university students or graduated from universities. As for their occupations, the participants were composed of students(48%), house wives(27%) and office workers (17.6%) in order. Secondly, Even though 80% of the participants were satisfied with the contents and the methods of the course, various modalities of teaching were required because only 48% of the lectures were performed with us age of various educational modalities. Thirdly, the primary reason for choosing the institutes of lifelong education in the university was due to their expectation for qualified and variously talented instructor. Therefore, to commensurate with their expectation, the institutes and the instructors should develop good contents and good teaching skills utilizing various educational modalities. Fourthly, to manage highly qualified lecture and motivate active participation and effort to learn, proper test method to evaluate the participants' performance should be developed. As a conclusion, to meet with the demand of students and to accomplish the goal of the course, the institutes should provide with highly qualified and specialized course with good contents by qualified and talented instructors utilizing various educational media and proper test methods.