We investigated biomass, diatom species and fucoxanthin contents as cell growth, fatty acid and amino acid contents as nutritional composition of diatoms attached on plate to confirm effects of light emitting diodes (LEDs) due to block off natural light. In the single LED irradiation, biomass showed significantly higher to 30.0±6.48mg/m2 in white LED than that of others (P<0.05). The dominate diatom species was Navicula cancellata. Their lipid contents showed significantly higher to 112.9±19.23ug/mg dry matter (DM) in control than that of others LEDs. But eicosapetaenoic acid (EPA) contents showed significantly higher to 3.3±0.62ug/mg DM than others, but not significantly differed with natural control light treatment (P<0.05). And total protein contents are higher in control and blue LED light than that of others, but essential amino acid contents showed significantly higher to 3.2±4.8% in control (P<0.05). In mixing light with natural and LED light, biomass showed 2.6±0.22mg/m2 in blue LED (P<0.05). Fatty acids contents were not significantly differed with all treatments. Amino acid contents showed to 11.0±0.33ug/mg DM in white LED (P<0.05), but not significantly differed with others LED lights (P>0.05). Therefore, we could suggest that irradiation of blue LED in natural light very benefit to diatom culture for larvae of sea cucumber and abalone and do on.

This research was designed to conduct research to apprehend fashion brand's mobile SNS characteristics in depth and the related consumer psychology and behaviors such as brand attachment and brand loyalty. The fashion brand's mobile SNS characteristics were differentiated from the web-based fashion brand's SNS. This study targeted women in their 20s using mobile Facebook and mobile Twitter, and residing in Seoul or Gyeonggi province. Total 412 observations were collected through online survey. The major findings of the study were as follows. First, as the characteristics of fashion brand's mobile SNS, ease of fashion data storage, fashion recentness, fashion usefulness, and fashion accessibility were extracted. As the factors of the flow, time distortion/focused attention and playfulness were extracted. Second, the fashion recentness and fashion usefulness showed positive influence to time distortion/focused attention factor in the flow. All four fashion brand's mobile SNS characteristics showed positive influence to playfulness factor in the flow. Third, time distortion/focused attention factor and playfulness factor both showed positive influence to brand attachment and brand loyalty from using fashion brand's mobile SNS. Fourth, brand attachment had positive influence to brand loyalty from using fashion brand's mobile SNS. Based on the above results, this study provided practical ways to develop effective mobile SNS marketing strategies in fashion brand. Also, this study demonstrated feasible future contents and necessary improvement for fashion brand's mobile SNS, which holds marketing implications.

This study was to investigate the influence of parent attachment, perception and attitudes about family mealtime on the smart phone addiction in adolescents. Study variables were attachment to father, attachment to mother, and perception and attitudes about family mealtimes. Middle school student in Seoul and Kyounggi province participated and total 596 questionnaire were analysed. SPSS WIN 18.0 were used in data analysis. As study results, significant factors influence on smart phone addiction were attachment to father, perception and attitudes about family mealtimes, frequence of family mealtimes, gender, grade, and use of SNS. These variables explained adolescents' smart phone addiction for 28.9% and perception and attitudes about family mealtimes were the variable which show the highest explanation. Smart phone addiction was higher as lower an attachment to father, as lower perception and attitudes about family mealtimes, as lower the frequency of family mealtimes, female student, 3rd grade, and as more use of SNS. It is suggested to develop programs and strategies to increase attachment to father, frequency of family mealtime and perception and attitudes about family mealtimes.

본 연구는 농촌관광마을의 브랜드 자산이 장소애착 및 친환경 행동의도와의 영향 관계를 검증하고자 하였다. 농촌관광마을의 브랜드자산은 브랜드인지도, 브랜드이미지, 지각된 품질, 지각된 가치로 분류되었으며, 장소애착은 장소의존성, 장소정체성, 사회적 유대감으로 구분되었다. 친환경 행동의도는 단일차원으로 도출되었다. 가설검증 결과, 첫째, 농촌관광마을의 브랜드자산인 브랜드인지도, 브랜드이미지, 지각된 품질, 지각된 가치가 장소의존성에 모두 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 둘째, 장소정체성은 친환경 행동의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었으며, 장소의존성 또한 친환경 행동의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 농촌관광마을의 브랜드자산 중 브랜드이미지와 지각된 가치가 친환경 행동의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of self-brand connections (SBCs) on brand attachment. The author proposes two types of SBCs: those that are created through marketing systems (brand-based self-brand connections, [BBSBC]) and those that are created by the individual (consumer-based self-brand connections, [CBSBC]). To investigate the influence of these SBCs on brand attachment, this study analyses survey data through the use of structural equation modelling. The results show that both BBSBC and CBSBC have positive effects on brand attachment but that the influence of CBSBC is stronger. Furthermore, in the context of durable consumer goods, CBSBC have a stronger effect on brand attachment when fast-moving consumer goods and services are compared. For fast-moving goods, BBSBC and CBSBC affect brand attachment at the same level.

The bond strength is not enough due to the delaminate of epoxy between FRP and steel. However, the adhesion reinforcement method can improve the bond strength between steel plate and FRP plate. In this study, a bolt tighting and FRP sheet wrapping methods were used to improve bond strength between steel plate and FRP plate. Also, flexural test were performed according to the attachment pattern for AFRP plate strengthened steel beams.

선충절대기생세균(Pasteuria penetrans)이 감염되어 있는 온실토양을 이용하여 세균의 내생포자가 땅콩뿌리혹선충(Meloidogyne arenaria) 유충 표면에 부착하는데 대한 온도의 영향에 대해 시험하였다. 갓 부화된 뿌리혹선충 2령충(J2)을 페트리디쉬 내의 토양에 접종한 후 20℃, 25℃, 30℃, 35℃에서 7일간 처리하였다. 모든 온도에서 내생포자의 J2 부착률은 모두 100%로 나타났으나 J2당 내생포자 부착수는 25℃에서 28.3개로 가장 많았으며 30℃, 20℃ 및 35℃에서 각각 J2 당 20.2, 18.6 및 13.6개로 낮아졌다. J2를 접종하기 전에 세균이 있는 토양을 온도 별로 10일간 전처리하였을 때 내생포자 부착률은 실온에서의 60%에 비해 -30℃, 4℃, 40℃, 50℃ 및 100℃에서 각각 25.0, 31.7, 8.3, 5.0 및 0%로 현저하게 낮아졌다. J2 당 내생포자 부착수도 실온에서의 5.3개에 비해 -30℃, 4℃, 40℃, 50℃ 및 100℃에서 각각 3.5, 4.3, 1, 1, 0개로 적었다. P. penetrans 세균의 내생포자를 뿌리혹선충 종별로 J2에 부착 시험한 결과 땅콩뿌리혹선충에서는 100%였으나 당근뿌리혹선충(M. hapla)과 고구마뿌리혹선충(M. incognita)에서는 모두 0%로 본 균주는 뿌리혹선충 종에 대해 기주선호성을 가진 것으로 나타났다.

Nano Pd spot-coated active carbon powders were synthesized by a hydrothermal-attachment method (HAA) using PVP capped Pd colloid in a high pressure bomb at , 450 psi, respectively. The PVP capped Pd colloid was synthesized by the precipitation-redispersion method. PVP capped Pd nano particles showed the narrow size distribution and their particle sizes were less than 8nm in diameter. In the case of nano Pd-spot coated active carbon powders, nano-sized Pd particles were adhered in the active carbon powder surface by HAA method. The component of Pd was homogeneously distributed on the active carbon surface.

본 연구는 반응성애착장애 남아1명, 여아1명을 대상으로 사회화과정에서 구체적인 특징과 그 특징이 드러나는 상황과 양상에 대한 탐색적 연구로서 2011년 10월부터 2012년 1월까지 약 15주 동안 아동의 사회화과정을 교육과 학습, 놀이상황, 개별놀이치료로 선정하여 참여관찰을 통하여 사회화 개입에서 드러나는 아동의 사회화과정에 대한 특징을 현상학적 질적 연구방법으로 알아보는 것이었다. 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 특정대상에게만 반응 보였으며 구체적으로 살펴보면 치료자에 대한 인식반응과 주교사와의 상호작용, 주변 환경에 대한 무반응이며, 둘째, 혼잣말이 많은 특징이 보였으며 구체적으로 자신에게 주문걸기, 짝지어 말하기, 자기보상하기로 요약되었고, 셋째, 지연반응은 현재와의 불일치, 반복 경험하기, 예측의 즐거움으로 요약되었다. 본 연구의 의의는 반응성애착장애아동에 대한 사회화과정에서의 특징을 심도 있게 살펴봄으로써 반응성애착장애아동의 사회적 상호작용과 사회적 기술 습득과정에 대한 이해와 치료적 개입을 위한 기초자료를 제공한 것이다.

Interferon-tau (IFNT) is regarded, generally, to be the conceptus protein that signals maternal recognition of pregnancy in ruminants. Although the discovery was made over two decades ago, the molecular mechanisms that regulate IFNT expression are not well understood. Previous studies demonstrated that transcription factors, caudal-related homeobox- 2 (CDX2), JUN, ETS2 and a transcriptional coactivator CREB binding protein (CREBBP) positively influenced IFNT gene expression, while OCT4 may exhibit negative regulation. We and others have observed that both CDX2 and OCT4 coexist during early stages of conceptus elongation but as development proceeds, OCT4 expression diminishes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of CDX2 and OCT4, respectively, on IFNT gene transcription when evaluated with other transcription factors. Human choriocarcinoma JEG3 cells were co-transfected with an ovine IFNT (-654 base pair)-luciferase reporter (-654-oIFNT-Luc) construct and several transcription factor expression plasmids. When the reporter construct was co-transfected with either CDX2, ETS2 or CJUN, transcription of -654-oIFNT-Luc increased about two-fold compared to -654-oIFNT-Luc alone. When -654-oIFNT-Luc was co-transfected with both c-jun and Ets-2, activity of -654-oIFNT-Luc was increased about four-fold; cotransfection with JUN, ETS2 and CDX2 increased -654-oIFNT-Luc expression 12X, indicating that the stimulatory activity of the transcription factors was additive. OCT4, when cotransfected with -654-oIFNT-Luc, reduced expression of the later about 40% when compared to -654-oIFNT-Luc alone. When co-transfected with JUN and/or ETS2, OCT4 abolished the stimulatory effect of these transcription factors. OCT4 also inhibited the stimulatory activity of CDX2 alone, but not when CDX2 was combined with JUN and/or ETS2. Therefore, when combined with the other transcription factors, CDX2 over the transcriptional inhibitory activity of OCT4. Conversely, when cells were transfected initially with OCT4 (0h) followed by transfection with CDX2, ETS2 and JUN 24 h later, -654-oIFNT-Luc expression was reduced to control (-654-oIFNT-Luc, alone) levels. Not surprisingly, 12S E1A, an inhibitor of transcriptional coactivator CREBBP, reduced stimulation of -654- oIFNT-Luc expression by CDX2, ETS2 and JUN, in combination, by about 40%, indicating that proper transcription complex formation is required for maximum expression. In conclusion, it is suggested that prior to conceptus elongation, pre-existing OCT4 may inhibit IFNT expression, but as elongation proceeds, IFNT expression increases, resulting from incremental increases in CDX2 expression, diminished OCT4 expression, and possibly proper transcription factor complex formation. Key words) Interferon-tau, CDX2, OCT4, transcription

본 논문은 경주국립공원 내 사찰숲길 이용자의 장소애착이 환경요인에 대한 인식과는 어떠한 구조적 관계를 형성하고 있는 지를 구조방정식모형을 활용하여 탐색하며, 국립공원 관리에 있어서 경관선호 보다는 경관애착에 근거한 보전적 측면에서의 정책적 함의를 제공하는데 있다. 경주국립공원 내 대표적인 사찰인 불국사를 찾는 탐방객을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시한 후, 수집된 자료를 분석하여 구조방정식모형을 도출하였다. 연구 결과, 장소의존성은 장소애착에 대하여 유의하게 긍정적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타난 반면, 장소정체성은 장소애착에 대하여 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 나타내지는 않는 것으로 나타났다. 장소의존성이 보다 장소애착에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(경로계수=0.55). 장소애착은 환경요인의 중요성에 대한 인식에 있어서 경관이용과 시설이용 모두 유의하게 정(+)의 방향으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 장소애착은 사찰숲길 이용의 중요성에 있어서 시설요인 보다는 경관요인에 대하여 보다 강한 영향력을 보이는 것으로 나타났다(경로계수=1.01). 이러한 결과는 국립공원의 경관자원의 중요성을 다시 확인시키며, 이로부터 사찰숲길 경관의 보전에 중점을 둔 관리방안이 마련되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

The purpose of this research was to identify not only the effect of what consumers want from their brand identification and brand attachment, but also the effect of their perceived brand identification on their perceived brand attachment in the family restaurant setting. This research also investigated the causal relationship between a consumer's perceived brand attachment and brand loyalty. A total of 332 questionnaires were collected from customers who visited one of 4 nationallybranded family restaurants in Daegu. With the consent of the store managers of each family restaurant brand, students of Dongguk University helped respondents fill out questionnaires and collected the data. There were three major findings of this research. First, the benefits that consumers wanted were found to have a significant effect on their perceived brand identification and brand attachment. Second, the perceived brand identification of customers was found to have a significant effect on their perceived brand attachment. And third, the perceived brand attachment of customers was found to have a significant effect on their perceived brand loyalty. Also, consumer's benefits sought affected their perceived brand attachment through their perceived brand identification, and consumer's benefits sought and brand identification respectively influenced their perceived brand loyalty through their perceived brand attachment. Therefore, marketing managers or general managers of family restaurants should identify consumer benefits in order to increase sales and profits.

Ag spot-coated Cu nanopowders were synthesized by a hydrothermal-attachment method (HA) using oleic acid capped Ag hydrosol. Cu nano powders were synthesized by pulsed wire exploding method using 0.4 mm in diameter of Cu wire (purity 99.9%). Synthesized Cu nano powders are seen with comparatively spherical shape having range in 50 nm to 150 nm in diameter. The oleic acid capped Ag hydrosol was synthesized by the precipitation-redispersion method. Oleic acid capped Ag nano particles showed the narrow size distribution and their particle size were less than 20 nm in diameter. In the case of nano Ag-spot coated Cu powders, nanosized Ag particles were adhered in the copper surface by HAA method. The components of C, O and Ag were distributed on the surface of copper powder.

미국 정신장애 진단 분류지침서(DSM-III)가 1980년에 소개된 이래, 반응성 애착장애(RAD)는 오로지 유아들을 진단하기 위한 것이며 구체적인 병인이 제시 되어야 한다는 두 가지 이유로 딴 진단들로 부터 구분되어 왔다. 따라서 본 연구의 저자는 다음의 연구질문을 가지고 반응성 애착장애에 관해서 폭넓게 문헌조사를 하였다. 첫째, RAD의 정의는 한 가지 장애로 명시하기에 구체적이고 적절한가? 둘째, RAD는 과연 애착장애 인가? 셋째, 병원성 케어가 RAD를 유발하는 유일한 선행 조건인가?; 넷째, RAD를 진단하는데 있어서 단일 사정도구만으로도 가능한가? 다섯째, RAD를 가지고 있는 어린이들을 위한 가장 성공적인 치료법은 무엇인가? 이상의 질문에 관한 해답을 찾기 위해 1998년 이후에 발간된 책들과 전문지(애착장애 이론을 소개한 초기 논문들은 예외)를 Google Scholar, Psychological Abstracts, Social Work Abstracts 데이터 베이스 검색을 통해서 추출한 자료들을 문헌조사 범위로 삼았다. 반응성 애착장애는 인간애착에 관한 연구와, 병적 케어로 인해 발생 하는 것으로 여겨지는 애착장애에 관한 연구에서 파생 되었는데, 이 분야의 많은 전문가들은 반응성 애착장애는 애착장애와 근본적으로 다르다고 지적하고 있다. 즉, 반응성 애착장애를 가진 아이들은 애착의 질을 개선할 필요가 없으며, 반면에 애착관계를 형성할 수 있도록 이미 손상을 입은 그들의 애착 능력을 교정 해 줄 필요가 있다는 주장이다. 반응성 애착장애는 애착장애로 분류되어 있지만, 애착보다는 부적응 사회행동에 중점을 두고 있어서 그 분류 기준이 적절하지 못하다는 비난과, 몇 연구들에서 병적 케어가 반응성 애착장애의 원인이라는 증거를 찾지 못했으며, 반응성 애착장애를 애착장애의 하나로 보는 진단 타당성에 의문을 나타내고 있다.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of temperature and nematicides on endospore attachment characteristics of 2 Korean isolates of nematodeparasitic bacteria, Pasteuria penetrans. P. penetrans CJ-1 and 98-35 isolates and 3 species of root-knot nematodes in U. of Florida were used ; Meloidogyne incognita (MI), M. arenaria (MA), and M. javanica (MJ). Three nematicide levels of 2, 4, and 6 ppm were compared by treating Vydate and Nemacur in the endospore containing soils. The endospores were attached to the root-knot nematode juveniles by centrifugal method. Reproduction of the isolates was checked by observing root-knot nematode females harvested from inoculated tomato roots. 1. Among the two Korean isolates, 98-35 showed attachments to MI, MA, and MJ juveniles, but it could not reproduce in any species. CJ-1 reproduced on all the 3 tested root-knot nematode species. 2. Endospores pretreated in -14°C showed higher attachment rate than those pretreated in 4, 24, and 40℃. 3. Nemacur treatments significantly suppressed the attachment of the endospores to the juveniles, while Vydate treatment effects were negligible.

The attachment and adhesion of RAW 264.7 and MC3T3-E1 cells to titanium (Ti) discs with various degrees of roughness was investigated. The attachment, adhesion, and proliferation of these cells were evaluated after 4 hr, 24 hr and 7 day incubations. Both RAW 264.7 and MC3T3-E1 cells showed a time-dependant correlation between attachment and adhesion on the surface of the titanium discs. Both types of cells tended to have higher survival rate on these discs as the surface roughness increased. The percentage of adherent inflammatory RAW 264.7 cells was greater than MC3T3-E1 cells at 24 hr, but this was reversed at 7 days in culture. The morphology of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells at 24 hr, determined using a surface emission microscope (SEM), appeared flattened and spread out while inflammatory RAW 264.7 cells were predominantly spherical in shape. The adhesion of both cell types on the titanium discs was dependant on the levels of fibronectin adsorbed on the disc surface, indicating that serum constituents modulate the efficient adhesion of these cells. Our data indicate that the cellular response to the titanium surface is dependent on the types of cells, surface roughness and serum constituents.

기술의 발전, 거대자본, 소비자의 요구수준 증가로 게임은 이제 영화나 애니메이션의 모습을 많이 닮아가고 있다. 우수한 콘텐츠를 여러 매체를 통해 전달하는 오늘날의 OSMU방식은 게임과 영화와 애니메이션을 서로 자유롭게 넘나들게 하였다. 그러나 게임과 영화는 오래전부터 상호간에 영향력을 끼쳐왔으며 단지 오늘날에 와서 대규모의 모습을 갖게 된 것 뿐이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 영화의 게임화나 게임의 영화화는 영화의 ‘스토리적 내러티브’와 게임의 예측 불가능한 ‘가능성적 내러티브’라는 상이한 특성으로 매체 이동 후의 컨텐츠 완성도가 그리 높지 않다. 본 연구에서는 그럼에도 불구하고 인기 게임에서 영화화되어 비교적 좋은 성적을 거둔 ‘툼레이더’의 ‘라라 크로포드’ 캐릭터를 심리학의 애착(Attachment) 이론과 자기 애성(Narcissism)이론을 바탕으로 어떻게 성격을 부여했는지를 알아보았고, 반대 경우인 영화에서 게임으로 제작된 것에서는 차용(借用)형, 재현(再現)형, 부연(敷衍)형, 연결(連結)형 4가지 분류로 나누어 살펴봄으로 그 가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. 한국의 게임 산업을 이끌고 있는 온라인게임은 스토리의 끝이없는 열린 구조로서 영화로 만들기에는 어려움이 많지만 온라인 게임의 넓은 세계관과 다양한 설정은 충분히 그 가능성을 가지고 있으므로 적절한 스토리 개발과 정교한 기획, 심도 깊은 캐릭터성을 부여한다면 영화제작을 통해 양쪽 모두 시너지를 낼 수 있는 우수한 영화나 애니메이션 콘텐츠를 만들 수 있을 것이다.

본 연구는 청소년들의 인터넷 게임동기에 있어서 사교성과 공격성이 그들의 대인관계에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 연구결과, 인터넷게임 동기(사교성, 공격성)에 따라 가상적 대인관계는 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 청소년들의 인터넷게임 동기는 그들의 가상적 대인관계에 영향을 끼치기 때문에, 공격성보다는 사교성의 동기로 인터넷게임을 하도록 장려하고, 올바른 가상적 대인관계를 형성할 수 있도록 유도하는 것이 필요하다.