본 연구는 저출산·고령사회기본계획의 개요와 자체평가에 대한 문제점을 지적하고, 그 해답을 찾기 위한 기초자료로써 낮은 출산율과 높은 고 령화율 등 우리나라와 유사한 경험을 이미 겪고 있는 일본의 저출산고령 사회에 대응 방책, 특히 아베(安倍)정권 이후의 저출산·고령사회정책(일명, 일본 1억총활약 플랜)에 초점을 맞추어 고찰한 후, 그 시사점을 제시 하고자 하였다. 그 연구결과는 다음 세 가지로 요약할 수 있겠으며, 이를 차기(次期)(제4차) 또는 차차기(次次期)(제5차) 계획수립시의 개선방안으 로 제언한다. 첫째, 국가적 차원의 미래청사진(국가비전)의 제시가 필요 하다. 둘째, 명확하고 냉정한 실태파악이 필요하다. 셋째, 단순하고 단기적인 대응책이 아닌 다차원적이고 실현가능한 수치를 제시할 필요가 있 다.

PURPOSES : This study was performed to evaluate the short-term aging (SA) protocols of the normal hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixture, to explore problems, and to suggest proper procedures based on fundamental principles of SA in terms of the SA temperature (T) and length of time (Lt) in existing specifications in several countries including Korea. METHODS : As the SA in our lab is a simulation of field SA, which is an inevitable procedure occurring naturally in the current field practice, major SA guidelines of foreign countries and Korea were reviewed to investigate problems that showed discrepancies with field practice. The aging quantity (Aq) model was introduced as a function of T and Lt, based on the correlation with absolute viscosity (AV) to estimate Aq by T and Lt. The normal SA (NSA) was suggested through an example procedure inducing binder aging level similar to the RTFOtreated binder AV or Aq. Based on the NSA Aq level, lower, proper, or higher SA conditions were discovered from the existing SA guidelines. RESULTS : As Aq has excellent correlation with AV, the proper T and Lt for NSA as an example was suggested based on the AV of RTFOtreated binder to induce an Aq range of 19,000-25,000 min.℃. It was found that there were several problems in the existing guidelines in USA and Korea. These included lower T, shorter or longer Lt, and air blowing or stirring the mix during SA, which were not matched with the practical condition of loaded HMA mixtures that were short-term aged under hot temperatures in trucks. CONCLUSIONS : It was concluded that there are several problems in the current SA guidelines, which do not provide proper HMA temperature to mixtures for proper (modal) length of time. Therefore, these guidelines should be reevaluated carefully and revised based on the fundamental field SA principle. The NSA condition should be suggested using proper HMA T and modal Lt for better simulation of field SA practice.

Ganjang and doenjang are known as major fermented soy-based foods in Koreans. Current investigations have proved that fermented soybean foods impart anti-cancer, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-cancer activities of commercialized soy food, Ganjang, as a function of aging period. The test groups were classified into four time periods-short (under 5 years, S group), mid (under 10 years, M group), long (under 15 years, L group), and eternal (over 15 years, E group). The anti-cancer effects of Ganjang were determined by cell cytotoxicity assay of three types of cancer cell lines and splenocyte proliferation assay. Besides these assays, we also analyzed NK cell activity for cancer immunotherapy. The results show that the anti-cancer effect increased in the S and M period aging groups for all three cancer cell lines. Interestingly, similar to the anti-cancer result, splenocyte proliferation and NK activity showed the highest effect in the S and M groups. In contrast, Japanese ganjang-treated (JG1, JG2) groups and E group showed significantly reduced splenocyte proliferation. Collectively, these results suggest that the short and middle periods of traditional fermented Ganjang might have potential anti-cancer activities.

생육, 습식 숙성육, 건식 숙성육을 종류별 3종을 구입하여 냉장 상태로 보관하면서 pH, 휘발성 염기질소(VBN), 미생물 정량, 우점균을 분석하였다. 초기 생육, 건식 숙성 육의 중온균은 3.3-3.9 Log CFU/g, 습식 숙성육은 경우 5.4 Log CFU/g 이였으나, 냉장으로 18일 보관 후 생육과 건식 숙성육에 존재하는 중온균은 6.1-6.4 Log CFU/g로 증가하였다. 습식 숙성육의 경우 Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) 는 냉장 보관시 4.5-6.0 Log CFU/g으로 나타났으나, 건식 숙성육에서는 검출되지 않았다. 저장 기간이 길어짐에 따라 중온균, 저온균, LAB, 효모 및 곰팡이 수가 증가하였으나, 식품매개 병원성 미생물은 검출되지 않았다. 식육의 오염 및 부패 판단은 7 Log CFU/g 이상으로 규정하고 있어 본 연구 결과에 의하면 12일 이상 냉장 보관하였을 경우 6-7 Log CFU/g으로 기준을 초과하였다. 이 때 VBN이 평균 15 mg%으로 부패의 초기 단계로 판단 할 수 있었다. 냉장 보관에 따른 우점 미생물은 다양한 양상으로 나타냈 다. 생육에서는 초기 우점균으로 S. saprophyticus가 분석 되었으나, VBN이 증가함에 따라 Carnobacterium divergens 가 우점하는 양상을 나타냈다. 습식 숙성육에서 Carnobacterium divergens가 냉장보관 초기에 우점 미생물로 분석되었으나, 이후 Lactobacillus sakei가 우점균으로 분석되었다. 건식 숙성육의 경우 Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis 가 냉장보관 초기에 우점하였으나 이후 Pseudomonas fragi 가 우점균으로 변화하였다. 부패의 초기 단계에서 특정 박 테리아의 역할 외에도 부패, 향기 분석 및 숙성 육류의 성분 변화에 대한 연구를 수행하여 숙성 육류의 안전한 유통 및 보관에 활용할 수 있다고 판단된다.

PURPOSES : The use of hydrated lime or other liquid anti-stripping agents (ASA) is the most common method of improving the moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixes. ASAs are also known to have an anti-aging effect, according to several researchers. Therefore, the use of ASAs is expected to enhance the stability of asphalt pavements. The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-aging effect of ASAs that are found in the domestic market. METHODS : In this study, an asphalt binder and a mixture mixed with typical domestic solid and liquid ASAs were prepared and aged to evaluate the physicochemical changes. A liquid additive developed by a Korean oil refinery was used as the liquid ASA, and hydrated lime was utilized as the solid ASA. The aging process of the asphalt was determined in the laboratroy based on previous studies to simulate the aging process inh te field. RESULTS : The result of the laboratory experiment indicates that both the solid and liquid ASAs have an anti-aging effect. Moreover, the liquid additive performed relatively better than the hydrated lime. CONCLUSIONS : If ASAs have an anti-aging effect in addition to the anti-stripping function, it is expected to improve the stability of the asphalt pavement significantly. However, few studies have been carried out on the anti-aging effect of ASAs found in the domestic market. In this study, we conducted a fundamental study on the anti-aging effect to help in the selection and use of ASAs in the domestic asphalt-paving industry.

PURPOSES : Asphalt pavements are damaged by various causes, such as cracks, potholes due to climate, and traffic environment. Asphalt aging has a significant effect on cracks, which may also form potholes. The purposes of this study are to estimate the change in asphalt binder and mixture performance and to correlate the physicochemical changes of the asphalt binder and mixture performance with aging. METHODS : The aging process of the asphalt was determined in the laboratory, based on the methods used in previous studies. In terms of consistency (stiffness), crack-resistance performance, moisture susceptibility, SK investigated the binder part, and Shoreki investigated the mixture part depending on the aging time. RESULTS : The consistency (stiffness) and brittleness of both the asphalt binder and mixture tended to increase with aging. In particular, the crack-resistance performance of the asphalt binder (G*sinδ, ductility, and ΔTc) and mixture (flexural fatigue test and Cantabro test) deteriorated because of asphalt aging. Furthermore, the aging mechanisms (oxidation and polymerization) were identified based on the chemical structure analysis. CONCLUSIONS : It is confirmed that the aging affected the chemical composition change and the physical properties of the asphalt. Asphalt pavements are significantly affected by the aging characteristics of the binder. It is concluded that the crack-resistance performance of the mixture decreases with aging due to these physical and chemical changes.

Nitric oxide (NO)-induced protein S-nitrosylation triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and was related to cell senescence. However, the exact mechanism of these damages is not clear. In the present study, to investigate the relationship between in vitro aging and NO-induced protein S-nitrosylation, oocytes were treated with sodium nitroprusside dihydrate (SNP), and the resultant S-nitrosylated proteins were detected through biotin-switch assay. The results showed that levels of protein S-nitroso thiols (SNO)s and expression of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) increased, while activity and function of mitochondria were impaired during oocyte aging. Addition of SNP, a NO donor, to the oocyte culture led to accelerated oocyte aging, increased mitochondrial dysfunction and damage, apoptosis, ATP deficiency, and enhanced ROS production. These results suggested that the increased NO signal during oocyte aging in vitro, accelerated oocyte degradation due to increased protein S-nitrosylation, and ROS-related redox signaling.

In previous studies, we found the production of antibodies against cross-reactive bovine serum albumin (BSA) in D-galactose (D-gal) induced aging mouse models. We performed immunoblot analysis with mouse tissue lysates to investigate the changes in the overall autoantibody production in this animal model. And we were able to see the possibility of altering the activity of mouse natural antibodies in this process. In this study, we examined changes in existing natural antibodies in a D-gal-induced aging mouse model. Serum samples were collected from 3-week-old mice (3w), 13-week-old mice (13w), and 13-week-old mice that were treated with D-gal for 6 weeks (13wDG), beginning at the age of 8 weeks. Levels of immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, and IgA) were quantitatively analyzed in serum samples. Tissue samples were obtained from skin, spleen, and ovary for Western blotting analyses. Natural antibody activity was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyses of anti- double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody. Western blotting analyses using mouse tissue lysates showed that several protein bands detected by serum antibodies from 3w mice became increasingly thicker when detection was performed with serum samples from 13w and 13wDG mice, indicating quantitative increases in levels of natural antibodies. Relative amounts of total IgG, IgM, and IgA immunoglobulins sequentially increased in serum samples from 3w, 13w, and 13wDG mice. A similar tendency was observed regarding the levels of IgM and IgG antibodies against dsDNA. These results indicate increased levels of natural antibodies in the D-gal-induced aging mouse model. Therefore, this animal model could be useful for future natural antibody research.

목적 : 본 연구는 우리나라 고령자를 위한 가정환경수정 및 주택개조 연구의 경향을 확인하고, 초고령 사회를 준비하는 측면에서 고령자의 정주성 도모를 위한 가정환경수정이 나아가야 할 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 문헌고찰을 위해 국가과학기술정보센터(National Digital Science Library; NDSL), 학술연구정보서비스(RISS), EMBASE, Google Scholar를 이용하여 2008년 1월부터 2017년 12월 현재까지 국내에서 이루어진 연구를 검색하였으며, 검색용어로는 “가정환경수정” 또는 “가정환경 수정” 또는 “주택 개조” 또는 “주택개조” 또는 “home modification”, OR “home modifications”, OR “residential modification”, OR “residential modifications”를 사용하였고, 검색 제외어로 “가이드라인” 또는 “guideline”과 “고찰” 또는 “review”를 사용하였다. 결과 : 검색을 통해 총 374건의 자료를 수집하였으며, 중복자료를 제외한 후 포함기준과 제외기준을 적용하여 최종적으로 14편의 연구를 추출하였다. 고령자를 위한 가정환경수정 연구가 2009년부터 꾸준히 발표되고 있으며 최근 들어 연구가 더욱 활발하게 진행되는 경향을 발견하였다. 연구주제로는 가정환경 수정 실태나 요구, 선호에 관한 연구가 가장 많았다. 연구방법으로는 양적연구방법이 가장 많이 이용되었으나 차츰 질적 연구나 통합 연구방법의 사용 빈도가 높아지는 경향이 나타났다. 결론 : 고령자와 가족구성원의 개인적, 물리적, 사회적 가정의 의미를 종합적으로 고려할 수 있는 전문가 협업구조에 기반한 맞춤형 가정환경수정의 적용이 필요하며, 정부의 지역사회 통합 돌봄 기본계획의 시행과 더불어 탈시설화와 고령자의 정주성 도모를 위한 가정환경수정 서비스 모델 개발이 요구된다.

본 연구는 사회철학적 분석방법을 통해 미래 고령화 사회의 평생교육을 위한 역할과 비전을 제시함을 그 목적으로 하였다. 사회철학은 인간과 사회 간의 관계, 사회 내 인간과 인간 간의 바른 관계 설정을 위 한 사유의 도구이다. 사회철학적 분석은 기존의 고령화 사회에 대한 연구가 편협하고 표면적인 것이었음 을 밝히고, 근원적인 관점에서 고령화 사회를 분석 가능하게 하였다. 그 결과 노인이라는 기표를 통하여 노인이 아닌 자들의 지배적 담론과 권력을 문제로 제기하였다. 또한 고령화 사회의 주체라고 상정된 노인들이 실은 주체가 아니었음을 밝혔다. 결국 노인들을 열등한 타자로 만든 지배담론과 그 지배담론을 통하여 노인들을 억압하던 권력의 해체, 그리고 노인이 될 사람들과 노인이 된 사람들이 주체가 되어야 함을 설명하였다. 해체된 담론들은 정당한 사회의 모습을 회복하고, 이를 위한 평생교육을 요구한다. 그 역할은 배움자산의 소유와 축적, 그리고 활용이었다. 미래 고령화 사회에서 필요한 유형자산과 무형자산을 가능하게 하는 배움자산은 인간에게 배움의 본능이 있음을 인정하고, 의미심장한 지식을 습득하며, 뫔의 온전성을 위해 개조역량과 의식소통역량, 그리고 치유역량을 갖추게 하는 핵심이다. 미래 고령화 사회의 평생교육은 전생애적으로 통생애, 공생애, 범생애적으로 이루어져야 하며, 이는 삶의 질과 결·깔을 위함이라는 사실을 또한 밝혔다.

우리나라는 2000년 고령화 사회에 진입한 이후 2019년 현재 고령사회로 분류되고 있다. 이에 따라 고령선원의 수는 해를 거듭할 수록 증가하는 추세이고, 고령선원의 해양사고 건수도 해마다 증가하고 있다. 도로 교통분야에서도 운전자의 고령화가 해운분야와 동일하게 나타나고 있다. 하지만, 도로 교통분야에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하려는 연구와 정책 등이 해운분야에 비해 활발하게 진행되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 도로 교통분야에서 고령운전자에 의한 교통사고 발생원인을 줄이기 위한 노력 중 교육분야에 한정하여 살펴보고 이를 해 기교육에 벤치마킹하였다. 국내·외 도로 교통분야에서는 인적요인 등의 발생원인을 줄이기 위한 방안의 하나로 고령운전자 교통안전교육을 시행하고 있다. 고령화에 따른 교육분야 문제 현황을 분석하고 도로 교통분야의 해결방안과 접목하였으며, 그에 따른 해기교육 개선방 안은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전문적인 면허취득교육을 시행하는 방안이다. 둘째, 고령선원의 면허갱신 시 직무 보수교육을 시행하는 방안이다. 마지막으로 고령선원 연령전환 교육을 시행하는 방안이다. 다만, 본 연구는 선원고령화에 따른 해기교육분야의 개선방안에 한정된 연구인 만큼 향후 다양한 분야에서의 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

This study investigated the effect of temperature deviation on the water-holding capacity, tenderness, lipid oxidation, and color stability of Korean Hanwoo (韓牛) beef during long-term aging. The striploins (M. longissimus lumborum) were aged for 56 days at 2±1oC (T1), 2±2oC (T2), or 2±3oC (T3). Drip loss and cooking loss were higher (p<0.05) in T3 than in T1 on day 56. The Warner-Bratzler shear force value was similar for all treatments during aging times. On day 56, the content of 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was higher (p<0.05) in T3 as compared to T1. The CIE L* and b* values were similar for all treatments, but the a* value was lower (p<0.05) in T3 than in T1 on the last day. These findings indicate that high temperature deviation adversely affects the water-holding capacity, lipid oxidation stability, and color stability of Hanwoo beef during long-term aging.

본 연구의 목적은 노화에 따른 작업기억능력의 저하에 영향을 받는 자막인식위치에 대해 탐구하는 것이다. 이를 위해, 본 연구에는 주니어 집단(평균 나이: 26세, 표준편차: 3.06, N=27)과 시니어 집단(평균 나이: 61.69세, 표준편 차: 4.18, N=26)이 참여했으며, 실험 과제로는 실험 참가자들의 작업기억능력을 측정하기 위한 N-back 과제와 자막 인식위치를 측정하기 위한 동영상자막확인 과제가 사용되었다. N-back 과제 수행 결과, 시니어 집단이 주니어 집단 보다 과제에 대한 반응속도가 느리고 정답률이 낮게 나타나, 시니어 집단은 주니어 집단에 비해 작업기억능력의 저하가 나타났다는 것을 의미했다. 또한, 동영상자막확인 과제 수행 결과, 노화에 따른 작업기억능력의 저하에 부정적인 영향을 받는 자막위치는 화면의 ‘좌측-아래’이고 긍정적인 영향을 받는 자막위치는 화면의 ‘좌측-가운데’으로 나타났다. 나머지 화면 위치에서는 노화에 따른 작업기억능력의 저하에 영향을 받지 않았다. 결과적으로 본 연구 결과를 통해서 연령의 증가에 따른 작업기억능력의 저하에 부정적 혹은 긍정적 영향을 받는 영상 속 자막인식위치에 대해서 살펴볼 수 있었으며, 이는 영상에 자막을 제시해야할 경우 시청자의 연령을 고려하여 자막위치를 선정하면 효율적으로 시청자에게 정보를 제공할 수 있다는 것을 의미했다.

PURPOSES: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term aging level on the moisture resistance of a dense-graded asphalt mixture by measuring its deformation strength ratio (SDR). METHODS : Three short-term aging (STA) durations (1, 2, and 4 h) at two different temperatures (160℃ and 180℃) were used for the normal dense-graded hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures prepared using PG 64-22 asphalt and 13mm aggregate with and without hydrated lime (HL). The specimens were prepared using a gyratory compactor, after each STA, to achieve a WC-1 gradation as defined by the Korean guide. The SDR was measured after freezing-and-thawing (F-T) conditioning, and submerging the specimen into water at 60℃ for 72 h. RESULTS: The results indicated that the moisture resistance decreased with the increase in STA duration. After STA at 160℃ and 180℃, the SDR values, measured after F-T treatment, or after submerging into 60℃ water for 72 h, decreased with the increase in STA duration. However, when HL was used in the same asphalt mixtures, the SDR improved, for identical STA conditions. Therefore, the moisture resistance of the asphalt mixture was affected by the short-term aging duration, and decreased with the increase in aging duration. However, HL effectively retarded aging, and the moisture resistance, as indicated by the SDR, improved in the HL-added mixes, which had aged lesser than the normal mixes. CONCLUSIONS : It was concluded that the moisture resistance of the asphalt mixture decreased with the increase in aging level, and hydrated lime was effective in preventing the degradation of the moisture resistance by reducing the age-hardening of the binder. However, since this study used a limited range of materials, further studies using more materials are required to reach a more generalized conclusion.

This study explores the positive effect of cross-cultural activities on social healing and healthy aging. While the life expectancy has increased, the healthy years of older adults have yet decreased. Among elderlies especially those who experienced war-related adversities in their early ages, have limited access to positive cross-cultural activities. The theories of social-connectedness suggest that both perceived social support and objective connectedness to the society promote healthy aging. It is necessary to develop a culturally contextualized approach for their healthy aging while considering individual traits. The present study tries to contextualize the post-adversity and resilience in social network observed among Jeju legacy. With that contextual identification, promoting cross-cultural competence among elderlies is expected to yield positive gain in their aging process. The organized transcultural activities for Korean American elderlies in the U.S. exemplify how cross-cultural interactions promote inclusive social interaction and social healing at grass-root levels.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dry-aging and wet-aging conditions on the chemical composition, meat quality traits (color, water holding capacity, cooking loss, WBSF and pH) and shelf-life TBARS (2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and VBN (volatile basic nitrogen) of loin (M. longissimus thoracis), sirloin (M. glutaeusmedus) and top-round (M. semimembranosus) cuts of Hanwoo cows. The dry-aging condition (temperature ℃, relative humidity %) was done for 60 d as 2℃, 65％, 20 d＋2℃, 75％, 20 d＋4℃, 85％, 20 d while, the wet-aging was done for 60 d at 1℃, 85%. Results revealed that moisture content was significantly higher in the dry-aged samples than that of the wet-aged samples at 60 d (p<0.05). The a*- and b*-values were significantly higher in 3 cuts as compared with those treated with wet-aging condition. During the dry-aging time, the WHC significantly increased in the loin and sirloin and they were significantly higher than wet-aging condition at 40 d and 60 d (p<0.05). The WBSF values significantly decreased with increased aging time and there was no significant difference between two aging methods. The TBARS and VBN contents significantly increased with increased aging time for all the wet- and dry-aged cuts, and their levels still fell within the acceptable standard limit. Generally, the TBARS and VBN contents were significantly higher in the dry-aged cuts, probably due to the increased levels of protein and fatty acids oxidations. Based on the results obtained in the present study, it can be suggested that application of dry-aging method can improve the quality characteristics of beef.

산업 응용에 적용할 수 있는 중합체 막의 상용화 전에, 고성능 중합체가 실질적인 도전, 즉 연장된 서비스 시간에 대한 장기 안정성을 극복해야하는 과제가 남아있다. 매우 높은 분수 자유 부피(fractional free volume) 및 높은 투과성을 나타내는 고유한 미세 다공성 중합체(polymers of intrinsic microporosity)는 비효율적 무작위 패킹에 의해 생성된 여분의 부피가 물질의 부피적 평형에서 멀어짐과 동시에, 다시 부피적 평형 상태로 복귀하려는 특성, 즉 자유 부피를 줄여가는 특정으로 인해 투과성을 감소시키는 물리적 노화에 영향을 받기 쉽다. 본 논문에서 우리는 미세 다공성 고분자의 물리적 노화를 재검토 하고 PIM에서 물리적 노화를 완화하려는 가장 두드러진 시도 중 일부를 논의할 것이다.

PURPOSES : The impact of traffic accidents varies with the change in the social background of drivers. Thus, this study analyzes the characteristics of traffic accidents caused by taxis based on factors such as the type of taxi owner, driver’s age, and length of driver’s career and consequently suggests improvement methods. METHODS: Based on the data of the accidents involving taxis registered in Seoul, this study analyzed traffic accidents by categorizing taxis by the type of owner, driver’s age, and length of driver’s career. For statistical verification, SPSS was used to derive the influence variables through polynomial logistic regression analysis, and accordingly, a method to reduce traffic accidents caused by taxis was proposed. RESULTS: In the case of aged drivers and drivers with long careers, vehicle-to-vehicle accidents accounted for a lower percentage than other accidents; moreover, the accident rates in downtown and that at nighttime were high. Drivers with long careers had a lower percentage of selfinjury; however, as the total number of deaths and serious injuries caused by such drivers was higher, there is a greater risk of serious accidents caused by them. CONCLUSIONS: This study analyzes the characteristics of taxi accidents based on the type of taxi owner, driver’s age, and length of the driver’s career to determine the periodical characteristics of taxi accidents in aging society. Therefore, the number of traffic accidents caused by taxis can be drastically reduced if the results of this study are used in the customized safety education of drivers and improvement of traffic facilities.