We conducted a investigation for dispersal ability of Aedes albopictus, a dengue vector mosquito, using mark-release-recapture method in Korea. A certain number of fluorescence marked Ae. albopictus was released in four different habitats – urban (Cheonan), suburban (Jochiwon), port (Pyeongtaek), and airport (Cheongju), and sticky traps and BG-traps were used to recapture the mosquito in designated time period. In case of urban and suburban areas, 100 sticky traps were used in 3-week period for both regions, and 19 BG-traps and 15 BG-traps were used in 36-hour period for urban and suburban areas respectively. Using sticky trap, 21 from 1,300 released mosquitoes (1.62%) were recaptured in urban area; while in suburban area, only 2 individuals (0.1%) were recaptured. Most of them were recaptured within 100m from releasing point and about 40% were within 20m distance. When BG-traps were used, 35 from 900 released mosquitoes (3.8%) were recaptured in urban area; while 26 mosquitoes (2.8%) were recaptured in suburban area. The maximum distance of dispersal was 200m in urban and 100m in suburban area, while most of them were recaptured in 50 ~ 80m range. In case of port and airport area, 15 and 10 BG-traps were used respectively to recapture 1,000 released mosquitoes in 5-day period. In port area, 23 mosquitoes (2.3%) were recaptured; while 166 mosquitoes (16.6%) were recaptured in airport area. The maximum distance of dispersal was 130m in both areas; while most of them were recaptured in 50m range. In conclusion, Ae. albopictus has a narrow dispersal range compared to other mosquitoes, a typical characteristic of genus Aedes, and their dispersal ability is greatly affected by various environmental factors. These results can provide basic information for effective prevention of Ae. albopictus and overseas inflow of dengue fever.

Release planning in a software product line (SPL) is to select and assign the features of the multiple software products in the SPL in sequence of releases along a specified planning horizon satisfying the numerous constraints regarding technical prece- dence, conflicting priorities for features, and available resources. A greedy genetic algorithm is designed to solve the problems of release planning in SPL which is formulated as a precedence-constrained multiple 0-1 knapsack problem. To be guaranteed to obtain feasible solutions after the crossover and mutation operation, a greedy-like heuristic is developed as a repair operator and reflected into the genetic algorithm. The performance of the proposed solution methodology in this research is tested using a fractional factorial experimental design as well as compared with the performance of a genetic algorithm developed for the software release planning. The comparison shows that the solution approach proposed in this research yields better result than the genetic algorithm.

여우는 한국에서 1980년대 이후로 절멸된 것으로 취급하고 있으며, 현재는 환경부에서 멸종위기 1급 동물로 지정되어 소백산국립공원에서 복원사업이 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 여우복원사업에 필요한 적정 모델링과 방사 전략을 수립하기 위하여, VORTEX 프로그램을 이용한 개체군 생존력 분석(Population viability analysis: PVA)을 수행하였다. 초기 개체군 0에서 매년 10개체(암5, 수5)를 향후 10년간 지속적으로 방사할 경우, 개체군의 이입으로 50년간 개체군 성장률은 0.018±0.204였으며, 절멸확률은 0.354로 나타났다. 최초 방사 후 16년차에 116.34로 최대 개체군 크기를 보였으나, 17년차부터 매년 1.22의 감소율을 나타내었다. 방사된 여우의 지속적인 성장과 절멸을 방지하기 위해서는 최초 방사 17년 이후 추가적인 방사가 필요하며, 장기적인 여우 존속을 위해서는 매년 12개체 이상을 방사하는 것이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. 반면 연간 6개체 이하일 경우 50년 후의 절멸 확률은 80% 이상으로 나타났으며, 최소한의 개체군 성장을 위해서는 8개체 이상의 추가 방사가 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 설정된 조건값에서 매년 10개체씩 암수의 성비를 변화하여 6:4 로 10년간 방사할 경우 1:1 비율보다 안정적인 개체군 성장률을 보였으나, 암컷의 비율이 7:3이상으로 높아질 경우 부정적인 결과를 보였다. 재난요인으로 설정된 road-kill과 밀렵은 여우복원사업의 성패에 중요한 요인으로 확인되었다. 초기 적용값을 기준으로 각각의 요인이 3% 감소할 경우에는 절멸 확률은 30%로 낮아졌으며, 3% 이상 증가할 경우 50년 후의 절멸 확률은 약 90%에 이르는 것으로 분석되었다.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of IFN- on prostaglandin synthesis, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression in vitro and concentration of progesterone (P4) in endometrial cells. Epithelial and stromal cells cultured in vitro were isolated from bovine endometrium and stimulated with increasing doses of IFN- (0, 0.02, 0.2 and 2 ug/ml). Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, 1.5 IU/ml) was used as a positive control. Prostaglandin and levels in the culture media were analyzed by enzyme immunoassays and total RNA was extracted from the cells for RT-PCR. P4 concentrations of blood samples were assayed by chemiluminescent immuno assays system. In epithelial cells, COX-2 gene expression was increased in the presence of IFN- (p<0.05), but it was not significantly different in all groups of stromal cells except for 2 ug/ml IFN- group (p<0.05). Although IFN- did not affect and production in epithelial cells, it decreased and production significantly in stromal cells (p<0.05). In vivo experiment, blood concentration of P4 was significantly increased after addition of IFN- (1 ug/ml). The results indicate that PG production was mediated by COX-2 expression in stromal cells but it was not affected in epithelial cells and this suggest that treatment of IFN- could improve the implantation environment of uterine by maintenance of high P4 concentration.

Release planning for incremental software development is to select and assign features in sequence of releases along a specified planning horizon. It includes the technical precedence inherent in the features, the conflicting priorities as determined by the representative stakeholders, and the balance between required and available resources. The complexity of this consideration is getting more complicated when planning releases in software product lines. The problem is formulated as a precedence-constrained multiple 0-1 knapsack problem. In this research a genetic algorithm is developed for solving the release planning problems in software product lines as well as tests for the proposed solution methodology are conducted using data generated randomly.

본 연구는 사회복귀를 예정하고 있는 수형자들의 원예치료 및 원예활동에 대한 요구와 선호도를 조사하여 사회복귀예정 수형자를 대상으로 한 교정ㆍ교화 원예치료프로그램 개발을 위한 식물 및 원예활동에 대한 기초 자료를 마련하기 위하여 수행되었다. 설문지 분석 결과, 남성, 40대, 고졸이하가 가장 많았고 사기에 기독교가 가장 많았다. 교정·교화프로그램으로써 원예치료가 제공되는 것에 대해서 바람직하다는 의견이 약 70%, 교정·교화프로그램으로써 원예치료가 제공되었을 때 60% 이상이 참여할 의사가 있다고 밝혔다. 원예활동 경험은 없는 사람이 많았고, ‘산책, 견학, 여행 등의 식물감상활동’을 가장 선호하고 다음으로‘실내외에서 식물 가꾸기’,‘식물을 이용한 장식 및 공예활동’순이었다. 선호하는 식물은 화훼를 가장 선호했고, 화훼식물 중에서는‘난초류’를, 채소식물 중에서는‘열매채소’를, 열매채소 중에서는‘토마토’를 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타났다.

모래운반선은 호퍼도어를 갖는 경우 제한된 범위내에서 창구덮개의 설치를 면제 받을 수 있으나, 현재 국내에는 호퍼도어를 갖고 있는 선박이 단 한척도 없어 창구덮개를 면제받는 선박이 없는 실정이다. 따라서 모래운반선의 창구덮개 관련 현행 규정의 검토와 사고사례 조사 그리고 현재 운항하고 있는 모래운반선에 대한 설비현황, 복원성능 및 내항성능 평가를 통하여 모래운반선에 대한 창구덮개 면제 조건을 검토하였다. 그 결과, 모래운반선의 경우 창구덮개를 면제 받기 위해서는 화물창의 크기를 조정하여 모래를 화물창 상단부까지 가득 싣더라도 흘수가 만재흘수선을 넘지 않도록 하고, 적절한 풍우밀 조치를 취함으로써 충분한 예비 부력과 복원력 확보가 요구된다. 또한, 배수펌프의 용량은 화물창의 액상상태인 모래를 1시간 이내에 소성상태가 될 수 있도록 배수하기에 충분한 용량이어야 하며, 모든 운항상태에서 작동 가능하여야 한다. 본 연구는 모래운반선의 작업 특성상 창구덮개의 설치작업이 현실적으로 상당히 어렵고, 특히 기상악화시 인명사고로 이어질 수 있는 현실적인 문제점을 항해안전과 관련된 시설기준을 보다 강화함으로써 개선한 것이다.

A drug delivery system (DDS) was prepared with a temperature and pH-responsive hydrogel. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc)/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposites were prepared by radical polymerization for the temperature and pH-responsive hydrogels. MWCNTs were employed to improve both the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the PVA/PAAc/PNIPAAm/MWCNT nanocomposite hydrogels. Various amounts of MWCNTs (0, 0.5, 1 and 3 wt%) were added to the nanocomposite hydrogels. PVA/PAAc/PNIPAAm/MWCNT nanocomposite hydrogels were characterized with a scanning electron microscope. The mechanical properties were measured with a universal testing machine. Swelling and releasing properties of nanocomposite hydrogels were investigated at various temperatures and pHs. Temperature and pH-responsive release behavior was found to be dependent on the content of MWCNTs in nanocomposite hydrogels.

The present study investigated the concentration of gaseous odor emitted from paint manufacturing facilities and the cases of improvement for odor emission reduction. It was found that the companies located in odor management district observed the odor emission standard more than the companies located in other local industrial complex. We ascribed the reason to the continuous crackdown by local government and voluntary efforts of each companies. Finally, we described the improvement cases of process for odor emission reduction.

소프트웨어 개발에 있어서 소프트웨어를 시장에 출시하는 계획을 수립하는 것은 소프트웨어를 이루고 있는 기능들을 구현하는 데 제약이 되는 조건들(기술, 자원, 위험, 예산 등)을 만족하면서 계획된 출시기간에 이들 기능들을 할당하는 일이다. 이와 같이 소프트웨어 출시를 계획하는 것은 소프트웨어 제품라인에 대해서 고려할 때 더욱 복잡해진다. 본 연구에서는 소프트웨어 제품라인에 있어서 소프트웨어 출시 계획을 수립하기 위한 문제를 우선순위 제약하의 다수 0-1 배

In ruminants, Interferon-τ (IFN-τ) has the role of recognizing pregnancy signals produced by the embryo and it may have an important role during the luteolysis. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of IFN-τ on prostaglandin synthesis, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression in vitro and secretion of progesterone (P4) in vivo. The epithelial and stromal cells isolated from bovine endometrium were cultured with different doses of IFN-τ (0, 0.02, 0.2 and 2 μg/ml). Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, 1.5 IU/ml) was used as a positive control. Prostaglandin E2 and F2α levels in the culture media were analyzed by enzyme immunoassays, and total RNA was extracted from the cells for RT-PCR. P4 concentrations in blood samples were assayed by chemiluminescent immunoassay system. In epithelial cells, COX-2 gene expression was increased in the presence of IFN-τ (p<0.05), but it was not significantly different in all groups of stromal cells except 2 μg/ml IFN-τ group (p<0.05). Although IFN-τ did not affect PGE2 and PGF2α production in epithelial cells, it decreased PGE2 and PGF2α production significantly in stromal cells (p<0.05). In vivo experiment, the P4 concentrations in blood sample was significantly increased after injection of 1 μg/ml IFN-τ. These results indicate that PG production was mediated by COX-2 expression in the stromal cells but it did not affect in the epithelial cells, and suggest that treatment of IFN-τ was to improve the implantation environment of uterine by maintenance of high P4 concentration. * This work was carried out with the support of “Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project No. PJ907008)” Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

Software release planning in software development is to assign its features to releases in a specified planning horizon,satisfying technology, resource, risk, and budget constraints. The release planning problembecomes more complicated when the concept of software product lines (SPL) is considered. In this research, a precedence-constrained multiple 0-1 knapsack problem regarding SPL characteristics is formulated to maximize the objective function depending on the value of the release, the importance of stakeholders, the urgency of a feature and its value to stakeholders. As the optimization solution approach, dynamic programming model is developed to solve the precedence-constrained multiple 0-1 knapsack problem as well as a heuristic and reduction algorithm are applied to reduce the size of the problem at each stage

목 적 : 안정피로 개선을 위해 고안된 조절이완장치를 사용하여 VDT 작업과 관련한 임상성능을 분석하 고자 한다. 방 법 : 성인 30명(26.5±4.8세)을 대상으로 조절이완장치(EK-075/30, 에스테크(주), 한국)를 사용하지 않은 상태에서 VDT 작업 전과 후 그리고 조절이완 장치를 착용 상태에서 VDT 작업 후에 굴절이상도, 원거 리와 근거리의 시력 및 수평사위도, 폭주근점, 조절근점, 양안 및 단안 조절용이성, 융합버전스를 비교분석 하였으며, 총 4단계의 설문을 통해 대상자의 전반적인 건강상태와 VDT 작업 관련 기본사항, VDT 작업 중 느끼는 자각증상, 기기착용과 관련한 사항을 설문하였다. 결 과 : 조절이완장치를 사용하지 않은 상태에서 VDT 작업 후 굴절이상도가 유의하게 증가되었고 근거 리 시력이 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 원거리 사위도와 근거리 사위도는 내사위 방향으로 유의하게 증가 하였고 조절용이성은 양안과 단안 모두 유의하게 감소하였다. 조절이완장치를 사용한 상태에서의 VDT 작업 후 굴절이상도, 원거리 시력, 근거리 시력, 원거리 사위도는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나 근 거리 사위도는 내사위 방향으로 증가하였고 단안 조절용이성도 유의하게 증가하였다. 결 론 : 조절이완장치의 착용으로 VDT 작업 후의 일시적인 근시화와 내사위의 증가가 감소되고 조절용 이성이 증가된 결과로 보아 조절과 조절이완의 훈련 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다. 조절이완장치의 착용이 근거리 작업과 관련한 안정피로를 경감시키고 근거리 작업효율을 향상시키며 나아가 삶의 질 향상에도 기여 할 것이라고 생각된다.

차선을 벗어난 승용차가 기초에 강결된 표지판 지주에 충돌할 경우 차량이 받는 충격과 변형은 탑승자의 안전을 위협하게 되므로 분리지주를 쓰는 것이 일반적이다. 국도에서 1200mm×1200mm의 단일노선표지에 사용되는 직경 101.6mm, 두께 4.0mm의 강관지주가 기초에 강결되었을 때와 Clip형 분리장치를 갖는 경우에 대한 820kg-50kg-정면 충돌 시 차량과 지주의 거동을 LS-DYNA 시뮬레이션을 통하여 비교 분석하였다. 분리식 지주 충돌 시뮬레이션 결과는 동일한 조건의 충돌실험 결과와 비교하여 신뢰도를 높였다. 강결된 원형지주에 대한 충돌 시뮬레이션 결과 탑승자 안전지수(THIV, PHD)와 차량의 변위가 탑승자의 안전을 위협하는 수준으로 나타났으나 Clip형 분리장치를 갖는 지주에 대한 충돌 시뮬레이션 결과 충돌 시 지주의 분리로 감속도가 현저히 줄어들어 안전한 것으로 확인되었다.

Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared by freezingthawing method for the electro-responsive transdermal drug delivery. MWCNTs were used as the functional ingredient to improve both mechanical and electrical properties of MWCNT/PVA nanocomposite hydrogels. The morphology of nanocomposites revealed the uniform distribution of MWCNTs and the good interfacial contact. The compression moduli of hydrogel matrices increased greatly from 40 to 1500 kPa by forming MWCNT/PVA nanocomposites. The swelling ratio of MWCNT/PVA nanocomposites decreased as the content of MWCNTs increased under no electric voltage applied. However, the swelling ratio of MWCNT/PVA nanocomposites increased as the content of MWCNTs increased under electric voltage applied and the applied electric voltage increased. The drug was released in the electro-responsive manner through the skin due to the electro-sensitive swelling characteristics of MWCNT/PVA nanocomposite hydrogels.

The alginate-based hydrogel was prepared as a pH-sensitive drug delivery system. To enhance the drug loading capacity, activated carbon was introduced as a drug absorbent. The iron oxide was incorporated into the alginate matrix for the magnetic transferring to the target organ. The activated carbon and iron-oxide were dispersed uniformly in the alginate hydrogel. The drug release from the alginate/activated carbon composite hydrogel was carried out in various pH conditions with vitamin B12 and Lactobacillus lamnosers as model drugs. The fast and sustainable release of drug was observed in the basic condition due to the pH-sensitive solubility of alginate. The novel drug delivery system having pH-sensitive release property and magnetic movement to target place was developed by using the alginate/activated carbon composite magnetic hydrogels.