Current seismic design provisions such as ASCE 7-10 provide criteria for selecting ground motions for conducting response history analysis. This study is the sequel of a companion paper (I – Ground Motion Selection) for assessment of the ASCE 7-10 criteria. To assess of the ASCE 7-10 criteria, nonlinear response history analyses of twelve single degree of freedom (SDF) systems and one multi-degree of freedom (MDF) system are conducted in this study. The results show that the target seismic demands for SDF can be predicted using the mean seismic demands over seven and ten ground motions selected according to the proposed method within an error of 30% and 20%, respectively

For estimating the seismic demand of buildings, most seismic design provisions permit conducting linear and nonlinear response history analysis. In order to obtain reliable results from response history analyses, a proper selection of input ground motions is required. In this study, an accurate algorithm for selecting and scaling ground motions is proposed, which satisfies the ASCE 7-10 criteria. In the proposed algorithm, a desired number of ground motions are sequentially scaled and selected from a ground motion library without iterations.

디지털 매체의 사용이 확산되면서 이러한 매체의 최대 사용자인 청소년들이 유해매체물에 노 출되는 빈도도 급증하고 있다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 현행 청소년 유해매체물 규제 제도에 대해 유해매체물 심의 기준을 중심으로 비판적으로 검토하였다. 현행 청소년유해매체물 심의 기 준에 의하면, 음란한 자태를 지나치게 묘사한 것, 성행위에 대해 그 방법 등을 지나치게 묘사한 것, 청소년 대상으로 성행위를 조장하는 등 성 윤리를 왜곡시키는 내용 등을 담은 매체들은 청소 년에게 유해한 매체물로 규제하고 있다. 그러나, 규제되지 않은 매체물도 많으며 또는 이와 유사 한 매체물들은 디지털 매체를 통해 여전히 활발하게 전파되고 있다. 나아가 때로는 동법에서 보 호하는 청소년이 이러한 매체물들을 직접 생산⋅전파하는 역할을 하는 경우가 빈번한 현상을 볼 때, 보다 실질적인 규제 방안이 필요하다고 할 것이다. 그 방안으로서, 청소년 유해성의 개념을 명확히 설정할 필요가 있으며, 청소년의 인권을 존중하는 범위 내에서 청소년의 보호가 어떠한 의미인지에 대해 현 시대에 적합하게 정립할 필요가 있다고 하였다. 또한 법적인 규제와 자율 규제를 조화롭게 운영하여 보다 실효성있는 규제 체계를 정립할 필요성을 제안하였다. 그리고 이 모든 것은 보다 명확한 심의 기준을 바탕으로 달성될 수 있다는 점을 강조하였다.

This study aims to investigate laws and standards(including technical guidelines) related to safety criteria for 22 kitchen machines frequently used in commercial kitchens. The study was based on literature survey, interviews with charge persons in kitchen machines manufacturing companies, cafeteria providing group meals and relevant association, and web surfing. The results showed that there are two types of safety criteria such as legally forced ones by laws and optional ones by national industrial standards or technical guidelines. High pressure safety control act, safety control and business of liquefied petroleum gas act and city gas business act prescribed gas use apparatus safety criteria, rational energy utilization act did those of pressure vessel such large rotary caldron, industrial health and safety act did those of food processing machinery, and electrical appliances safety control act did those of electrical kitchen appliances. Compulsory or optional standards or guidelines related to safety criteria for kitchen machines were presented by 22 kitchen machines. Safety devices shown in the laws, standards and guidelines were also summarized by kitchen machines and their risk factors.

The purpose of this study is to investigate EU, UK and USA’s laws and standards related to safety criteria for commercial kitchen machines. The study was based on literature survey and web surfing. The results revealed that EU has relevant directives by kitchen machines and harmonized standards according to the directives. The directives and harmonized standards are translated into the laws and standards of EU member countries, respectively. The kitchen facility relevant legal systems of UK and USA do not prescribe the safety devices or measures, but only the basic health and safety requirements. The requirements were forcefully implemented through the certificate systems such as CE(Confommite European), UL(Underwriters Laboratories), etc. Only products with CE, UL or NRTL(ationally Recognized Testing Laboratory) certificate marking can be placed on the market of EU and USA, or put into service. For achieving the certificates, all requirements regulated in the relevant standards should be met. The standards of UK and USA were presented by kitchen machines or by standards themselves, respectively. Safety devices required by the standards were also summarized by kitchen machines and their risk factors.

This study suggests design criteria to evaluate the availability of anchorage in Korea to contribute to ship safety by presenting necessary design criteria for anchorage volume according to port development. Accordingly, the concept of “necessary volume of anchorage” is introduced to evaluate the volume of anchorage available in Korea’s major ports, and classify these ports into three types according to the characteristics of incoming ship. Numerical simulations designed using MATLAB-SIMULINK have been carried out to track the irregularly of arrival and, waiting times along with the environmental conditions that affect anchorage and necessary volume of anchorage have been suggested based on these tests. Finally, in order to complete a function equation analysis, the necessary volume of anchorage with reference to cargo volume is addressed using regression analysis as follows. Group A - YNA=0.0002XHA−3.67 , Group B - YNB=0.0002XHB−6.82 , Group C - YNC=0.0001XHC+9.02 . This study contributes to a review of anchorage volume from the perspective of harbor development.

Nowadays, container transport services play a substantial role in global cargo transportation by serving as an intermodal between the exporter and importer. Container shipping has become increasingly important over the past few decades due to its obvious advantages. However, Vietnam's container market has shown severely ongoing competition among numerous domestic and foreign shipping lines resulting in serious consequences occurring such as the freight rates substantially decreasing within the last ten years. In fact, Vietnam's sea lanes have become more defensive to cover the losses of shipping companies. Selection of criteria for competitive evaluation of container transport companies is necessary to help recognize the problems within the enterprise especially relating to its position in the market and from here, business management are able to put strategic plans in place and reasonable policy in order to be able to survive and grow.

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 복지 사회가 요구하는 작업치료서비스의 질 관리와 역량 있는 작업치료사를 양성 하기 위하여 국내 실정에 맞는 한국작업치료인증기준 평가항목을 개발하는 것이다. 연구방법 : 국내 작업치료학과 교수를 대상으로 2016년 6월부터 8월까지 한국작업치료인증기준 평가항목 의 타당성을 조사하였다. 평가항목은 문헌고찰 및 자료조사를 통하여 작업치료교육인증기준에 대한 6개 영역으로 구성하였으며, 항목의 타당도는 4점 척도를 사용하여 측정하였다. 1차 조사를 통하여 회수된 84부의 타당도 분석결과를 바탕으로 포커스집단 회의를 통해 내용을 재검토하고 수정 보완하여, 작업치 료 핵심실무역량 평가요소 및 항목을 포함하여 최종 한국작업치료인증기준 평가항목을 구성하였다. 최종 평가항목은 작업치료교육전문가 10명을 대상으로 내용타당도를 조사하였다. 결과 : 한국작업치료인증기준 평가항목은 총 6개 영역, 15개 부문, 31개 하위항목으로 구성하였으며, 항목 별 타당도 평균은 3.3~4.0점까지의 범위로 최종 내용타당도 지수(Content Validity Index; CVI)는 0.8~1.0까지로 나타났다. 작업치료 핵심실무역량 평가항목은 상담/평가 및 중재/기타 2개 영역, 21개 하위항목으로 분류하였으며, 타당도 평균은 3.0~3.6점까지의 범위로 CVI값은 1.0이었다. 핵심실무역량 평가 방법으로는 실제 테스트가 상담/평가에서는 40.6%, 중재/기타에서는 37.5%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 결론 : 한국작업치료인증기준을 확립하고 적용하여 역량 있는 작업치료사를 양성할 수 있는 교육시스템을 권장하고, 국내 모든 대학의 작업치료 교육의 질을 향상시킴으로써 작업치료서비스의 국제적 호환성 및 사회적 책무성을 달성할 수 있어야 할 것이다.

본 연구는 융복합기술을 사용하여 국내 자동차 산업의 배터리 및 전기시스템과 수상레저기구 중 접근이 용이한 수상오토바이를 결합하여 전기 동력 추진식 수상오토바이 개발과 전기 동력 추진식 수상오토바이 실용화를 위한 등록 및 제작을 위해 전기 동력 추진식 수상오토바이의 안전검사 기준(안)과 형식승인 기준(안)을 개발하였다. 전기 동력 추진식 수상 오토바이 인증기준은 기존 내연기관 동력 수상오토바이의 인증기준과 선박 전기 시스템과 관련된 인증기준을 기본으로 구조 및 시스템 설치 안과 전기시스템 안의 두 분류로 구분을 하였고, 최종적으로 안전검사 기준(안)과 형식승인 기준(안)으로 개발하였다. 안전검사 기준(안)의 내용은 총 7개의 범주로 구분되어 수상오토바이의 안전한 운행을 위한 설비의 확인을 목적으로 작성되었고, 형식승인 기준(안)은 총 7개의 범주로 구분되어 수상오토바이의 안전한 제작을 위한 목적으로 작성되었다. 본 연구를 통해 국내 친환경 수상오토바이 제작의 환경 조성과 전기동력 추진 선박의 인증기준에 대한 정책 수립 기초 자료로 활용이 가능하다.

A scientific and objective sound exposure criterion for underwater sound damage on fish has been required since there has been many disputes between an underwater sound maker and a fish damage receiver. The existing criteria are still incomplete scientifically owing to a degree of variability of underwater sounds, diversity of fish hearing sensitivity and damage types, etc. This study reviews existing studies on a hearing mechanism of fish species, manmade underwater sound characteristics and sound exposure assessment parameters, and recent sound exposure criteria. A governing equation for damage coverage estimation and damage coverage dependency on sound source level, ambient noise and transmission loss are also reviewed and interpreted based on sound exposure environments. The foreign and Korean (National Environmental Dispute Medication Commission) criteria are reviewed and compared based on scientific aspects. In addition, the deficit and limit of Korean criteria are presented. The objective of this study is to give a direction for related researches and legislation of sound exposure criteria on fish.

SCM activities in a company are considered as total innovation through synchronizing supply and demand while maintaining appropriate inventory level and reducing the business operating costs. Until now, even several researches are carried out on the SCM performance of the companies which have introduced and been operating SCM, the research on the cost analysis for the inventory which occurs frequently on supply chain is still insufficient. Especially, for the electronics industry in which the product depreciation is sharp caused by the short product life cycle and the complexity of distribution channels, even the inventory related costs are a major factor in business management, since the current estimated criteria of inventory costs are limited to the interest and maintenance management costs, the criteria do not reflect the total influence of the product depreciation and lost opportunity cost which are related to the business management. Furthermore, even though the rapid price drops of the distributor inventory caused by the frequent new model launch can be covered by the product manufacturers, the scale of total costs related to the inventory has not been conceived because the price compensation is traditionally considered as a market costs.In this research, we analyzed the inventory characteristics of electronics industry in which the price depreciation happens frequently, newly defining the estimated criteria of the product total inventory cost which includes price depreciation from the product manufacturers’ view. Finally we focus on the case study of a representative electronics company and verify the scale of the influence on management performance.

본 연구는 현직 보육교직원의 보수교육 질 제고 및 지역별 보수교육기관의 질 제고를 위해 개발된 『2016 보수교육기관 평가지표』를 중심으로 보수교육기관에 지표적용 시 평가결과 적용의 제한점과 이에 따른 정책 지원방안을 모색하였다. 4개영역 43개 지표 총 100점으로 구성된 『2016 보수교육기관 평가지표』중 물리적 환경 영역의 강의실 청결지표와 화장실 청결지표, 인적환경영역의 전문영역 담당교수 전문성 지표, 교육과정 영역의 반 당 교육 인원수 지표, 기관운영 영역의 중도탈락 수강생 비율 지표를 중심으로 지표적용 시 제한점을 살펴보았다. 참고로 우리나라 보육정책은 부모대상 육아지원 확대를 중심으로 정책이 실행되어왔기 때문에 상대적으로 교사 지원을 통한 질 제고의 접근은 상대적으로 충분하지 못한 실정이다. 본 연구는 『2016 보수교육기관 평가지표』를 보수교육기 관에 적용할 때 평가결과의 활용 시 제한점은 없는지 살펴보고 보수교육의 질 제고를 위해 보수교육 정책 지원방안을 모색하고, 보육교사들의 보수교육의 질 제고를 위해서 해당지표가 평가목표를 달성하기 위해서는 시·도 행정절차 정비, 지원시스템 보완, 행정부서간의 명확하고 일관된 지침, 인력풀 확보 방안이 필요함을 제시하였다.

OBJECTIVES : This study develops an evaluation method, which is useful to inspect pavement condition of specific boroughs. This is because pavement condition is broadly divided into five grades via visual inspection, which does not consider the types of deteriorations, and is decided by an investigator having a subjective viewpoint. This visual inspection method is not a satisfactory method for accurate maintenance when various deteriorations occur. METHODS: The performance model considers several factors such as crack, rutting, and IRI. This method is also modified from borough SPI based on SPI (Seoul Pavement Index). Considering limited budget of borough, PI (prediction index) is suggested, which is related to the grade of pavement condition evaluation and type of materials. Practical correlation review is also conducted with statistical verification by using the Monte Carlo simulation. RESULTS: The results of the study show that modified criteria are reasonable. First, the comparison between the visual inspection result and the SPI result indicates that the R-square value is sufficiently high. Second, through the common section, each evaluation method could be compared, and the result shows considerable similarity, which increases when the range is modified. Finally, PI for predicting remaining life and the random number SPI have common parts, which means that each indicator would be adequate to be used as an evaluation method. CONCLUSIONS : Comparison and analysis results show that the developed evaluation method is reasonable for specific boroughs where financial support is inadequate for the evaluation process by using the newer equipment. Moreover, for more accurate evaluation method, previous visual inspection data should be utilized, and the database of inspection equipment have to be collected.

OBJECTIVES : A fog generated field test was conducted to analyze the relationship between different sizes of variable speed limit signs and the legibility distance under various fog density conditions. By using this study, appropriate sizes of signs can be selected depending on the density of fog. METHODS : An actual tunnel was selected as the area for this test, as other places cannot maintain the fog condition because of rapid air current. A total 121 subjects were recruited for this test, which took place over the course of four days. The test on the first day was conducted under normal weather conditions for comparison. Visibility-distance detecting sensor was used to measure the visibility distance due to the fog density time, simultaneously with the evaluation of legibility distance by subjects. RESULTS : The test results show the relationship between the different sizes of signs and the legibility distance corresponding to the visibility distance due to both non-fog and fog generated conditions. According to the technical test results, appreciable amount of reduction in legibility distance due to fog was resulted in all sizes of signs. Moreover, the legibility distance is reduced proportionately with the decrease in the visibility distance due to fog. CONCLUSIONS : The results of this study can be used to select appropriate sizes of valuable speed signs under fog conditions. Hence, drivers can expect to have more room to respond to adverse weather conditions, thereby reducing the risk of accidents.

OBJECTIVES : A fog generated field test was conducted to analyze the relationship between the luminance of variable speed-limit signs and the legibility distance under various fog density conditions. By using this study, appropriate luminance values can be selected depending on the density of fog. METHODS: An actual tunnel was selected as the area to conduct the test, as other places cannot maintain the fog condition because of rapid air current. Ninety-two subjects were recruited for this test, which took place during the course of three days. Visibility-distance detecting sensor was used to measure the visibility distance due to the fog density time, simultaneously with the evaluation of legibility distance by subjects. RESULTS: The test results show the relationship between luminance values and the legibility distance corresponding to the visibility distance due to fog. According to the technical test results, lower luminance value such as 7000 cd/m2 corresponds to less legibility distance compared to higher values such as 20000 cd/m2 or 40000 cd/m2. However, the amount of difference between 20000 cd/m2 and 40000 cd/m2 is negligible in our test. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study can be used to select appropriate luminance of valuable speed signs under fog conditions. Hence, drivers can expect to have more room to respond to adverse weather conditions, thereby reducing the risk of accidents.

After the Gyeong-ju 9.12 earthquake, we found the necessity of seismic design of nonstructural element is important to reduce damages in view of properties and economic losses. This study focused on the investigation of damages including both properties and human beings. It was found that most of the damages are leaking of water pipe line, rupture of glasses, spalling of roof finishing, cracks of building, and falling from roof. It was also found that the seismic design force of nonstructural elements is taking account into the natural periods, amplification factors, response modification factors to forsee inelastic behaviors. From this studies, it is recommended that more studies are necessary on the seismic design force of nonstructural element.