Background: This study evaluated the effectiveness of upper thoracic manipulation (UTM) and proprioceptive training versus proprioceptive training alone on forward head posture (FHP) and cervicocephalic joint position sense (CJPS) in asymptomatic university students during a short interval of time. Objectives: To evaluate whether the suggested combination would provide greater benefit, and be superior to proprioceptive training alone in improving proprioceptive acuity and head posture. Design: A single-blind randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty-three university student volunteers with asymptomatic FHP were recruited. Subjects were randomly assigned to a manipulation group (n=16) receiving UTM combined with proprioceptive training or a proprioception group (n=17) receiving proprioceptive training only. The intervention period lasted 5 weeks in total, and consisted of one 15 to 20-minute session per week. FHP and CJPS were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: A significant pre- to post-intervention decrease in FHP and joint position error was identified in both groups (P<.05). Subjects in the manipulation group demonstrated greater improvements in CJPS and head posture compared to the proprioception group (P<.05). Conclusion: These findings support employing either intervention for treating asymptomatic students with FHP. However, the addition of UTM to proprioceptive training was more effective than proprioceptive training alone in reducing joint position errors and improving head posture.

Background: Back pain is associated with a high risk of recurrence. Various physical therapy techniques for back pain have been studied, including reprogramming the central nervous system by integrating sensation and motion with sensory exercise training. Objectives: To aimed verify the effectiveness of sensorimotor training in improving postural stability and pain levels. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: The study population was randomized into a sensory exercise training group and trunk stabilization training group and treated three times a week for 4 weeks. Each group took part in sensorimotor training for 15 minutes or lumbar stabilization exercise for 15 minutes. Results: After the intervention both groups showed Improvements in the variables. There was a significant difference in the dynamic postural stability, limit of stability, and modified visual analog scale scores in the sensorimotor training group compared to the lumbar stabilization exercise group (P<.05). Conclusion: Sensorimotor training appears to be an effective physical therapy exercise program that can be applied in patients with low back pain to improve muscle control ability.

본 연구는 모바일 홈트레이닝과 운동몰입, 지속의도에 대한 기술수용 이론을 적용한 인과관계 모형에 대한 구조분석 방법(SEM)을 적용하여 소비자을 예측하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 현재 코로나-19 팬데믹 사태로 인한 전략적 도구를 파악하기 위해 2021년 2월 1일부터 5월 21일까지 표본 계획에 의해 모바일 프로그램인 “서베이 몽키”를 사용하여 유효표본 총 287명의 소비자를 최종 분석에 사용하여 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 수용모델이 운동몰입에 유의미한 영향(+)을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 둘째, 수용모델이 운동지속의도에 유의미한 영향(+)을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 운동몰 입이 운동지속의도에 유의미한 영향(+)을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

이 연구의 목적은 6주간의 플라이오메트릭 트레이닝이 태권 시범선수의 서전트 점프, 자세 조절 및 하체 부상 준거에 미치는 영향을 보고자 하였다. 이 연구에 참여한 대상자는 대학 태권 시범선수 20 명을 대상으로 운동군 10명과 통제군 10명을 무작위로 분류하였다. 운동군은 주 3회, 60분, 6주간 실시하였고, 통제군은 일반적인 훈련을 하였으며, 사전 사후 서전트 점프, 배근력, 자세 조절 및 하체 부상 준거를 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 배근력에서는 유의하지 않았으나 서전트 점프에서는 유의한 증가가 있었다. 자세 조절에서는 앞쪽은 경우 유의하지 않았으나 좌·우 후방 외쪽과 안쪽에서는 유의한 증가가 있었고, 종합점수 결과 하체 부상의 위험성은 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 플라이오메트릭 트레이닝은 순발력, 자세 조절, 하체 부상 방지 및 재활에 적극적으로 활용할 필요가 있는 훈련 방법이다.

이 연구의 목적은 8주간의 코어 훈련이 프리스타일 스키 선수들의 배근력, 서전트 점프, Y- 자 검사 및 평형감각 조절 능력에 미치는 영향을 보고자 하였다. 14명의 프리스타일 선수를 무작위로 운동군 7명과 통제군 7명으로 분류하였다. 훈련군은 8주간의 코어 훈련을 하였고, 통제군은 일반적인 훈 련을 하였다. 연구 결과 배근력과 서전트 점프에서 효과를 보였고, 집단 간 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. Y-자 검사의 경우 좌측 앞쪽에서 효과를 보였고, 좌·우측 좌측 후방 안쪽에서 집단 간 차이를 보였다. 종합점수의 경우 운동군은 사전의 좌·우 차이 7.5cm, 사후에서 1.66cm로 감소하였으나 통제군은 사전 3.73cm에서 사후 7.01cm로 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 평형감각 조절 능력에서는 조건 2, 5, 6에서 유의한 효과를 보였으나 집단 간의 차이는 없었다. 결론적으로, 8주간의 코어 훈련은 프리스타일 스키 선수들의 자세 조절 능력에서 유익한 효과를 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

Purpose: This study attempted to enhance the nurses’ safety competence in administering medications by using simulation training focused on high-alert medication. Method: A total of 30 nurses from 14 teams participated in the simulation training using a high-fidelity patient simulator. Medication administration performance and built-in error recovery was observed using a medication administration safety assessment checklist. Medication safety knowledge and confidence were measured before and after simulation training. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a paired t-test. Results: There were numerous variations in safe medication administration. The safety behavior by oral prescription was insufficient compared to that by routine medication prescription. Following simulation training, knowledge of medication safety increased significantly, but confidence did not. Conclusion: Nurse educators may consider simulation to be an effective strategy for enhancing nurses’ medication safety competence.

As interest in vocational competency development projects increases, support is increasing. In this study, in order to study ways to improve participation in vocational competency development training, related factors are selected and the main factors influencing them are derived. The main factors were influencing factors were identified and ways to improve participation rate of vocational competency development were studied. Variables were selected through prior research, and data were collected and analyzed through in-depth group interviews. Based on factor analysis and reliability analysis, as a result of confirming the factors that influence the plan for improving participation in vocational competency development training by applying the backward stage selection (condition) method of logistic regression analysis, the case of respect for minorities in the 7-point Likert scale The closer to 7 was, the higher the probability of being classified as having never participated, and the other factors except minority respect, Likert scale closer to 7 indicates higher probability of bening classified as having never participated, except for the minority respect factor. Therefore, it was confirmed that lowering the scale of the factor of respect for minority, which is job satisfaction, and increasing the factors of individual characteristics such as annual salary and organizational commitment, training system for job satisfaction, and quality assurance have effects on improving participation rates in vocational competency development training.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore and analyze the education experiences of nursing graduate students in training simulation educators. Methods: Data were collected using a focus group method with a total of 13 nursing graduate students who ever participated in simulation education for nursing college students. Results: Four theme clusters and 15 sub-themes were emerged through qualitative content analysis. The core theme was “Flapping wings as a novice simulation educator”. The four theme clusters include ‘Confronting myself where expectations and worries coexist’, ‘Experience a new world untrained in the hospital’, ‘Limitation of simulation hard to reach the reality’, ‘Way to become an expert in simulation education’. Conclusion: Nursing graduate students found that the experiences of novice learners as a simulation educator was rewarding and helpful in increasing their self-confidence prior to being placed in an educational setting. Creating a simulation experience for college students could be a daunting task for educators in nursing. Therefore, continued and sustainable efforts are mandated by developing the curriculum for training simulation educators.

목적 : 본 연구는 치매예방 및 치료를 위해 스마트기기 어플리케이션을 기반으로 한 인지훈련 프로그램을 개발하고, 그 효과성을 검증하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 인지훈련 프로그램 개발과 효과성 검증의 단계로 이루어졌으며, 개발된 프로그램은 어플리케이션과 지필형 워크북으로 구성되었다. 효과성 검증은 경도인지장애 및 경증치매대상자 60명을 두 집단으로 무작위 배정하여 사전-사후설계의 적용을 통해 인지기능, 시지각 능력, 일상생활수행능력의 변화를 비교하였다. 두 집단에 워크북 기반의 공통 인지훈련 프로그램을 주 1회 20회기 진행하였으며, 홈 프로그램으로 실험군은 어플리케이션을 활용한 인지훈련, 대조군에는 워크북을 활용한 인지훈련을 매일 20 분씩 반복적으로 제공하였다. 결과 : 효과성 검증에서 실험군은 인지기능(기억력: Seoul Verbal Learning Test-Eldery; SVLT-E, 주 의집중력: Digit Span Test; DST, 언어능력: Short-form Korean version Boston Naming Test; S-K-BNT, 집행기능: Korean-Color Word Stroop Test; K-CWST), 시지각 능력(Motor-free Visual Perception Test-Vertical; MVPT-V), 일상생활수행능력(Korean Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale; K-IADL) 모두 유의한 변화가 나타났다. 대조군에서도 주의집중력을 제외한 영역에서 유의한 차이가 확인되었으나 집단 간 비교에서 실험군의 중재가 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 본 연구에서는 저비용으로 반복 적용할 수 있는 어플리케이션 기반의 인지훈련 프로그램을 개발하고 그 효과를 검증하였다. 이를 통해 작업치료 중재의 다양성을 제공하고, 지역사회 노인의 인지기능 향상에 긍정적인 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

본 연구는 생각/생각회피 과제를 이용하여 의도적 생각회피, 즉 생각억제와 생각대체의 효과를 종합적으로 검증하였다. 이를 위해 연관성이 높지 않은 2음절 단어자극을 선정하고, 단일집단을 대상으로 회상조건(단서회상, 표적회상)과 훈련조건(생각, 생각억제, 생각대체, 기저선)의 정확회상률을 비교하였다. 그 결과, 훈련조건과 관계없이 표적 회상에 비해 단서회상의 정확기억률이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 회상조건과 관계없이 다른 조건에 비해 생각조건의 정확회상률이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 회상조건과 훈련조건의 상호작용 효과의 경향성이 나타났으며, 세부적 검증 결과. 생각억제의 경우, 회상조건 간 차이가 나타나지 않은 반면에 생각대체의 경우에는 표적회상에 비해 단서회상의 정확기억률이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 생각억제와 생각대체전략이 모두 의도적으로 생각을 회피 하는데 효과적이라는 것과 더불어 생각억제와 생각대체전략이 서로 다른 원리에 의해 발생할 수 있음을 시사한다.

본 연구에서는 석유화학제품 산적운송선(화학유조선)에 의한 해상운송 과정에서 발생한 위험․유해물질(HNS) 관련 해상화학사 고에 대하여 국내 및 국외의 주요 사례를 조사․분석함으로써 얻은 교훈을 소개하고, 이러한 교훈을 바탕으로 국내 해상HNS 교육과정 개 선방안을 제시하였다. 6건의 사고사례를 통하여 얻은 교훈을 1) 사고관련정보, 2) 안전, 3) 오염, 4) 대응, 5) 구난, 6) 기타와 같은 6개 분야로 분류하였다. 각 분야의 세부항목별로 요약된 교훈을 바탕으로 해양환경교육원(MERTI) 유해액체물질운반선 해양오염방지관리인 교육과정을 현행 8개 교과목(16시간)의 2일간 교육을 16개 교과목(24시간)의 3일간 교육으로 개선하는 방안을 제시하였으며, 또한 해양경찰교육원 (KCGA) 전문교육 해양화학사고대응 과정을 현행 15개 교과목(35시간)의 5일간 교육을 32개 교과목(48시간)의 6일간 교육으로 개선하는 방안을 제시하였다. 이러한 연구결과는 해상화학사고 대응에 관한 경험과 교훈을 서로 공유하는 데에 기여하고, 해상HNS사고에 대비한 대응 인력 교육․훈련과정 개선의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This study was developed to recognize the occurrence of 250[m] of experimental distance, rain and nighttime as an educational and training device without any safety accidents by applying algorithms to optical filters and noise filters to be used in all weather environments and closest to actual shooting training using IR Laser. There are live-fire shooting using live ammunition, screen shooting using beam project and screen, MILES using IR Laser and sensor, BB shooting using compressed gas and BB bullet, and painting shooting using CO2 gas and paint bullet. Among them, the actual shooting training is not efficient in terms of management and operation because it requires considerable risk factors and large costs in preparation for the highest efficiency. Therefore, training that replaces these problems is needed, and various alternative shooting training is being implemented. Therefore, research and development was conducted to solve these problems by using it as one of efficient shooting training and education systems. This study was conducted to develop high-performance and low-cost precision shooting training equipment to contribute to strengthening the defense of the Republic of Korea.

The noise environment was evaluated using the ISO recommended NR evaluation curve and PSIL (Preferred Sound Interference Level) in order to investigate the onboard educational environment according to the noise in the Motor Vessel Saehaerim, a fishing training ship under making way. As a result, NRNs were measured at 37-61 dB in accommodation areas, 44-56 dB in work areas, 37-57 dB in educational and conference areas, 83-103 dB in engine areas and 65.3 dB and 51.2 dB in the work and education areas respectively based on PSIL. The NRNs, which evaluated the cabin of the experimental ship according to the purpose, exceeded all of the indoor standard noise recommended by the ISO, and the PSIL had a generally short conversational distance within 0.25-2.3 m and 0.75-1.3 m for teaching and work areas.

Background: Compared with normal people, stroke patients have decreased voluntary craniocervical motion, which affects their balance. Objects: This study was conducted in order to examine the effects of active craniocervical movement training using a cognitive game on stroke patient’s cervical movement control ability, balance, and functional mobility. Methods: The subject of this study were 29chronic stroke patients who were randomly allocated to either an experimental, cognitive game group (n = 15), or control group (n = 14), to which only neuro-developmental treatment (NDT) was applied. The intervention was conducted 5 times per week, 30 minutes per each time, for a total of 4 weeks. Active angle reproduction test, static stability test, limits of stability test, and Time up and Go (TUG) test, respectively, were carried out in order to evaluate cervical movement control ability, static balance, dynamic balance, and functional mobility. Paired t-test was used in order to compare differences between prior to after the intervention, along with an independent-test in order to compare prior to and after-intervention differences between the two groups. Results: After the craniocervical training with a body-driven cognitive game, the experimental group showed significant differences in flexion, extension, and lateral flexion on the affected side, and rotation on the affected side in the active angle reproduction test. The experimental group indicated significant differences in sway length both with eyes-open and with eyesclosed in the static stability test and in limits of stability test and TUG test. The control group to which NDT was applied had significant differences in flexion in the active angle reproduction test and in limits of stability test and TUG test. Conclusion: The above results mean that craniocervical training using a body-driven cognitive game positively influences stroke patient’s cervical movement control ability and as a result their balance and functional mobility.

Background: It is reported that the proprioceptive sensation of patients with neck pain is reduced, and neck sensory-motor control training using visual feedback is reported to be effective. Objects: The purpose of this study is to investigate how sensorimotor control training for the cervical spine affects pain, function, and psychosocial status in patients with chronic cervical pain. Methods: The subjects consisted of 36 adults (male: 15, female: 21) who had experienced cervical spine pain for more than 6 weeks. An exercise program composed of cervical stabilization exercise (10 minutes), electrotherapy (10 minutes), manual therapy (10 minutes), and cervical sensorimotor control training (10 minutes) was implemented for both the experimental and the control groups. The cervical range of motion (CROM) and head repositioning accuracy were assessed using a CROM device. In the experimental group, the subjects wore a laser device on the head to provide visual feedback while following pictures in front of their eyes; whereas, in the control group, the subjects had the same training of following pictures without the laser device. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in pain, dysfunction, range of motion, or psychosocial status; however, post-test results showed significant decreases after 2 weeks and 4 weeks compared to baseline (p < 0.01), and after 4 weeks compared to after 2 weeks (p < 0.01). The cervical joint position sense differed significantly between the two groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, visual feedback enhanced proprioception in the cervical spine, resulting in improved cervical joint position sense. On the other hand, there were no significant effects on pain, dysfunction, range of motion, or psychosocial status.

The deck area of a ship uses a variety of mechanisms and especially, for handling heavy materials, such as a Windlass, a Davit and a Derrick, a Winch for a deck, which controls by winding a drum with a wire or a rope is mostly used. Since the winch mainly uses a hydraulic system depending on driving characteristics, load-based power consumption is the most important device for this method. Therefore, an experimental study on the effect of energy reduction resulting from the flow rate variation was conducted by applying an inverter control to the deck winch, which is being used in a real training ship. As a result, when the surrounding environment and the driving condition were equal to each other, the maximum reduction and the minimum reduction in power consumption resulting from the flow rate variation excepting the maximum flow rate conditions was 51.8% and 16.1% respectively.