우백혈청(牛白血病)virus에 대한 혈청항체의 측정(測定)을 위한 간접효소면역법(間接酵素免疫法)(ELISA)의 확립(確立) 및 ELISA법(法)의 감도(感度)를 알기 위하여 한천(寒天) gel 면역확산법(免疫擴散法)(ID)과 비교검토(比較檢討)하였으며 한우(韓牛), 유우(乳牛) 및 육우(肉牛)등 264두(頭)의 혈청(血淸)을 공시(供試)하였다. 혈청(血淸)을 가(加)하지 않은 공(孔)의 흡광치(吸光値)(C)로서 혈청치(血淸値)를 제(除)한 후, 표준(標準)BLV항체흡성혈청치(N)로서 피검혈청치(被檢血淸値)(T)를 나눈치(値)(T-C/N-C)가 1.5이상(以上)인 것을 BLV항체 양성(陽性)으로 하였을 때 gp-ID의 성적(成績)과 98.5%(259/263)가 일치(一致)되었다. gp-ID 향성혈청(陽性血淸) 145예(例)중 144예(例)가 ELISA 양성(陽性)으로 99.6%, gp-ID 음성혈청(陰性血淸) 118예(例)중 115예(例)가 ELISA음성(陰性)으로 97.5%가 일치(一致)되었다. 이상에서와 같이 gp-ID용(用)의 BLV 항원(抗原)을 사용한 ELISA법(法)을 gp-ID와 동등(同等) 또는 더 감도(感度)가 우수한 BLV의 혈청항체측정법 임이 입증되었으며 실용성(實用性)이 충분(充分)하다고 사료(思料)된다.

본 연구 목적은 비-가시성 금 형태로 산출되는 황화광물 정광을 마이크로웨이브-질산용출하여 황화광물을 효과적으로 용해시키고자 하였고, 고체-잔류물을 납-시금법을 적용하여 금을 회수하고자 하였다. 따라서 질산농도, 용출시간 그리고 시료 첨가량 효과에 대하여 마이크로웨이브-용출실험을 각각 수행하였다. 고체-잔류물의 무게 감소율은 질산농도가 증가할수록 그리고 용출시간이 증가할수록 증가 하였지만 시료 첨가량이 증가하면 무게 감소율이 감소하였다. 마이크로웨이브-질산용출을 수행한 결과 질산농도 6 M에서, 마이크로웨이브 용출시간 18분에서 황철석이 완전히 사라진 것을 XRD 분석에서 확인하였다. 고체-잔류물에 대하여 납-시금법을 수행한 결과, 질산농도가 증가할수록 그리고 용출시간이 증가할수록 함량이 증가된 금 입자들을 회수하였다. 반면에 시료 첨가량이 증가할수록 금 함량이 감소하는 입자들을 회수하였다.

Background : Recently, wild ginseng cultured ginseng cultured in a bioreactor is mass produced using biotechnological tissue culture technology. PgTRx1 gene which is involved in the production of useful substances in fermented wild ginseng cultured root was selected and introduced into a model plant (Nicotiana benthamiana) to investigate transformation useful gene expression and possible production of useful substances. Methods and Results : The PgTRx1 gene was amplified and isolated from fermented wild ginseng cultured root. Isolated PgTRx1 gene was ligated to the plant expression vector pMBP1. Overexpression genes were recombined and cloned into E. coli. Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 was transformed, cultured A. tumefaciens LBA4404 was agro-infiltrated into a model plant for transient assay. Agro-infiltration model plants were sampled on days 0, 1, 2, and 3, and cDNA synthesis was performed after total RNA extraction. The expression level of PgTRx1 gene increased with time, and NbNR, NbHSR, NbAPx, NbSIP, NbPAL, NbPR1a and NbNOA1 genes showed a decrease in the expression level. The samples were taken to determine antioxidant activity, acetylcholine hydrolase inhibitory activity and glutamate content at 0 h, 12 h, 14 h, and 36 h. The highest antioxidant activity was observed at 24 h of sample, acetylcholine hydrolase inhibitory activity at 12 h, and glutamate at 36 h. Conclusion : The possibility of introducing the model plant of the PgTRx1 gene derived from fermented wild ginseng cultured root was confirmed. The results showed that various activities were increased with time of agro-infiltration.

Background: Angelica gigas, A. sinensis, and A. acutiloba are commercially important in the herbal medicine market, and among them, A. gigas has the highest economic value and price. However, their similar morphological traits are often used for fraud. Despite their importance in herbal medicine, recognition of the differences between Angelica species is currently inadequate. Methods and Results: A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was developed for direct detection and identification of A. gigas, A. sinensis, and A. acutiloba. The gene for the distinction of species was targeted at ITS in the nucleus and trnC-petN gene in chloroplasts. The optimized multiplex PCR in the present study utilized each Angelica species-specific primer pairs. Each primer pair yielded products of 229 base pairs (bp) for A. gigas, 53 bp for A. sinensis, 170 bp for A. acutiloba. Additionally non-specific PCR products were not detected in similar species by species-specific primers. Conclusions: In the present study, a multiplex-PCR assay, successfully assessed the authenticity of Angelica species (A. gigas, A. sinensis, and A. acutiloba). and whole genome amplification (WGA) was performed after DNA extraction to identify, the species in the product. The detection method of raw materials developed in the present study could be applied to herbal medicine and health functional food management.

Background : Plants are the rich source of antioxidants, which plays a very important role in maintaining human health. Their antioxidant property protects cells of different organs of human beings against free radicals and free radical mediated diseases. Even though, there is lack of knowledge on the antioxidant effect of lutein present in plants. In the present study, lutein was isolated from the GreenTea leaves (Camellia sinensis) which is used as a dietary source. Methods and Results : The procedure adopted for the isolation and purification of lutein using acetone extraction and preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is simple and less time consuming. Free radicals scavenging activity of isolated lutein from acetone extract of GreenTea was assessed by DPPH radical scavenging assay and reducing power. The isolated lutein scavenged 79% of DPPH radicals at 20 ㎍/㎖ and two fold lower concentration compared to the standard antioxidants (α-tocopherol). No significant differences were found between the reducing power of the lutein and BHT when their concentrations were high. However, significant differences were observed at relatively low concentrations, the reducing power of lutein was isolated from the GreenTea leaves was stronger than those of their acetone extract and standard antioxidants (BHA). Both electron spin resonance (ESR) and in vitro assay confirmed that lutein was isolated from the GreenTea leaves, exhibited a greater capacity for scavenging superoxide (O2 •－) and hydroxyl (OH •) radicals than standard antioxidants β-carotene and α-tocopherol respectively. Conclusion : The results proven that lutein isolated from GreenTea leaves has an efficient antioxidant ability, it could serve as an antioxidant to scavenge reactive oxygen species.

소핵시험은 세포분열 단계 중 간기 세포의 세포질 내 소핵 유무를 조사함으로써 유전독성을 평가하는 시험법이다. 최근 화장품 안전성 평가에 동물실험을 금지하거나 최소화하려는 노력이 확산되고 있어 유전독성 평가에 있어서도 기존의 동물실험이 아닌 새로운 in vitro 시험법이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 3차원 배양 인공피부모델인 KeraSkinTM을 이용하여 도포 처치된 물질의 유전독성을 평가하였다. 2종의 유전독성물질인 mitomycin C (MMC)와 methyl methanesulfonate (MMS)는 농도 의존적으로 세포독성과 소핵 형성이 유도 된 반면, 대조물질인 4-nitrophenol (4-NP)와 trichloroethylene (TCE)에서는 농도 의존적으로 세포독성은 관찰되었으나 소핵은 형성되지 않았다. 따라서 인공피부모델을 이용한 소핵시험이 화장품과 같은 피부적용물질 의 in vitro 유전독성 평가에 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

Background : Indigenous plant in Jeju island, Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai, belongs to the Bambusoideae and inhabit around Mt. Halla. According to the ancient book such as Dongui Bogam, Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai have been known to possess the antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diuresis effect. However, because of gradual upturning temperature, Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai was spread out to wider area and intrude the habitat that other plant species are growing. Recently, although the study to seek effective use of Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai, the investigation about functional properties has not been taken place enough. Methods and Results : To assess the inhibitory activity of melanin synthesis, we employ the tyrosine as substrate and measure the formation of dopaquione at 490 nm. Firstly, 0.1 mM potassium phosphate buffer and tyrosinase were mixed and incubated at 37℃. After incubating at 37℃, the absorbance rate was measured at 490 nm. The value was compared with positive control, arbutin, and calculated with the rate between sample and control value. Previously, formononetin, glabrene, glabridin, glabrol, artocarbene, dihydromoriin are known as effective substances for whitening. Moreover, the arbutin, which was separated from Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Sprengel, are widely used in cosmetic field. Arbutin inhibits tyrosinase and tyrosine synthesis, which induce blackish pigmentation. Practically, the Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai leaf ethanol extract depend on different solvent condition, whole extracts showed stronger inhibition than arbutin. Especially, 60% ethanol extract exhibited twice higher tyrosinase inhibitory activity than arbutin, whereas least inhibitory activity was seen in 20% ethanol extract. Conclusion : In this study, a attempt was made to investigate the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai leaves extracted by different solvent condition. In the results, each extracts was prior to arbutin. Yet, 20% ethanol extract was lowest, but on the one hand, 60% ethanol extract demonstrated the highest tyrosinase inhibitory activity.

Endocrine disruptors are exogenous chemicals that their endocrine disrupting effects mediated by androgenic signaling plays crucial roles in the control of development and several androgen-related diseases. However, there are no authorized in vitro screening and testing methods to evaluation of (anti-)androgenic activity. To find out a better in vitro cell line model, we have previously reported that 22Rv1 cells, a human prostate cancer cells contained functional Androgen Receptor (AR), might be an appropriate model for the evaluation of (anti-)androgenic endocrine disruptors. Based on this result, we developed a stable 22Rv1/mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) cell line to test AR-mediated transcriptional activation (TA). Using 22Rv1/MMTV cells, we established the test protocol and optimized the testing condition for AR-TA assay. In this study, we performed the inter-validation assay by four different laboratories to evaluate the 20 coded chemicals which were selected from the ICCVAM list (ICCVAM, 2003) or academic articles that exhibited exact (anti-) androgenic activity. The statistical analysis of the results of the inter-laboratory validation study revealed that there was reproducibility between the four participating laboratories. In conclusion, 22Rv1/MMTV AR-TA assay might be a quick and relatively inexpensive method, which can be used to screen large numbers of chemicals for their potential to activate or inhibit AR-mediated gene transcription. Furthermore, it will provide mechanistic data relevant to understanding adverse reactions observed in intact organisms.