We synthesized Fe-doped TiO2/α-Fe2O3 core-shell nanowires(NWs) by means of a co-electrospinning method anddemonstrated their magnetic properties. To investigate the structural, morphological, chemical, and magnetic properties of thesamples, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectronspectroscopy were used, as was a vibrating sample magnetometer. The morphology of the nanostructures obtained aftercalcination at 500oC exhibited core/shell NWs consisting of TiO2 in the core region and α-Fe2O3 in the shell region. In addition,the XPS results confirmed the formation of Fe-doped TiO2 by the doping effect of Fe3+ ions into the TiO2 lattice, which canaffect the ferromagnetic properties in the core region. For comparison, pure α-Fe2O3 NWs were also fabricated using anelectrospinning method. With regard to the magnetic properties, the Fe-doped TiO2/α-Fe2O3 core-shell NWs exhibited improvedsaturation magnetization(Ms) of approximately ~2.96emu/g, which is approximately 6.1 times larger than that of pure α-Fe2O3NWs. The performance enhancement can be explained by three main mechanisms: the doping effect of Fe ions into the TiO2lattice, the size effect of the Fe2O3 nanoparticles, and the structural effect of the core-shell nanostructures.

We present measurements of the Fe Kα emission line of the intermediate polar V1223 Sagittarii observed with the Suzaku satellite. The spectrum is modeled with an absorbed thermal bremsstrahlung spectrum and three Gaussians for the three components of the Fe Kα lines. We resolve the neutral or low- ionized (6.41keV), He-like (6.70keV), and H-like (7.00keV) iron lines. We also obtain a thermal continuum temperature of 25 keV, which supports a thermal origin of the hard X-rays observed from the shock heated layers of gas between the white dwarf and the shock front. Hence, we believe that the He-like and H-like lines are from the collisional plasma. On the origin of the Fe Kα fluorescence line, we find that it could be partly from reflections of hard X-rays from the white dwarf surface and the NH absorption columns. We also discuss the Fe Kα emission line as veritable tool for the probe of some astrophysical sites.

팽화 처리온도를 각각 140~220℃로 한 한방차 제품의 성분변화를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 처리온도의 상승에 따라 일부 탄화가 발생하며 조회분 함량이 상대적으로 상승하는 소폭의 변화가 있었고, 조단백질 및 조지방 함량은 거의 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났으며 수분함량은 감소하였다. 한방차의 고형분 용출률은 0.18~0.27%(w/w)로 나타내었는데, 팽화온도가 상승할수록 증가하였다. 고형분의 용출은 온도가 화학적 변화보다 물리적 변화에 의해 식품의 원재료 성분인 탄수화물, 단백질, 지방 등이 천연 상태에서 상호가교 결합이 물리적인 힘으로 어느 정도 파괴되어 성분의 용출이 용이해지기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. 벤조피렌 함량은 0.18~0.24ppb로 처리온도, 원재료에 따라 B(α)P 함량에 차이가 발생한 것으로 나타났다.

Russula compacta, a wild mushroom, belongs to Russulaceae, Russulales of Basidiomycota. This study was conducted to evaluate the free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, anticholinesterase and anti-α-glucosidase effects from fruiting bodies of R. compacta extracted with methanol and hot water. In 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging effects, the methanol and hot water extracts showed good scavenging effects comparable with positive control, BHT. The chelating effect of methanol and hot water extracts of the mushroom were significantly higher than the positive control, BHT. The reducing power of the methanol and hot water extracts of the mushroom were lower than the positive control at the concentrations tested. In the HPLC anaysis of phenolic acids profile of the mushroom extract, 7 phenolic acids such as gallic acid, vanillin, rutin hydrate, resveratol, quercetin formononetin, and biochanin-A were detected. Nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccahride (LPS) activated RAW 264.7 cells was inhibited by 1.5-fold with the treatment of methanol extract when compared with the control. In the anti-cholinesterase activity assay, the methanol extract inhibited the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) effects by 73.9% and 81.05% at the 1.0 mg/mL concentration, whereas galanthamine, the standard drug, inhibited the AChE and BChE activities by 97.80% and 81.12%, respectively at the same concentration. The methanol and hot water extracts of the mushroom inhibited the α-glucosidase activity by 55.44% and 62.00%, respectively at the 2.0 mg/mL concentration, while acarbose, the positive control inhibited the α-glucosidase activity by 81.81% at the 2.0 mg/mL concentration. From the experimental results, the fruiting bodies of R. compacta contained natural antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinesterase, and anti-diabetic substances, which might be used for health foods.

Coprinellus miaceus, belongs to Coprinaceae of Agaricales, Basidiomycota, has been used for an edible purposes in asian countries. This experiment was initiated to evaluate the free radical scavenging, free radical scavenging, anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-inflammatory and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of C. micaceus fruiting bodies extracted with methanol and hot water. In 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, the scavenging activities of methanol and hot water extracts were lower than that of positive control, BHT. The chelating effects of methanol and hot water extracts were significantly higher than positive control, BHT at the concentrations of 0.125-2.0 mg/mL. In the reducing power assay, methanol and hot water extracts exhibited the lower activities than the positive control, BHT at the 0.125-0.2 mg/mL concentration. In the HPLC analysis of phenolic acids profile of the mushroom fruiting bodies, 4 phenolic compounds including procatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, (-)-epicatechin, and naringin were detected. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities of methanol and hot water extracts were 91.33% and 91.99% at 2.0 mg/mL concentration, while the inhibitory activity of kojic acid, the positive control, was 99.61%. Nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccahride (LPS) activated RAW 264.7 cells were inhibited by the methanol extract in a concentration dependent manner. In the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity assay, methanol and hot water extracts of the mushroom inhibited the AChE by 94.64% and 74.19%, respectively at the 1.0 mg/mL concentration, whereas galanthamine, the standard drug inhibited the AChE activity by 97.80% at the same concentration. The methanol and hot water extracts of the mushroom inhibited the α-glucosidase activity by 62.26% and 67.59%, respectively at the 2.0 mg/mL concentration, while acarbose, the positive control inhibited the α-glucosidase activity by 81.81% at the same concentration. Therefore, it is concluded that fruiting bodies of C. micaceus contained natural antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibitory substances which might be used for promoting human health.

본 연구는 남한지역 백두대간 마루금 일대의 고도별 식물 다양성 분포 패턴 및 기후인자, 면적, 기하학적 억제인자, 순일차 생산량이 고도별 식물 다양성 분포 패턴에 미치는 효과를 구명하기 위해 수행되었다. 백두대간 마루금 일대를 따라 위치한 1,100개의 조사구에 대한 식생조사 결과, 총 97과 342속 802종의 식물종이 관찰되었으며, 고도에 따른 식물종의 α 다양성을 나타내는 종풍부도와 Shannon-Wiener 지수는 단봉형 패턴을 나타내는 반면, β 다양성을 나타내는 Jaccard와 Chao-Jaccard 유사도 지수는 고도에 따라 일반적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한, 이러한 분포 패턴을 제어하는 인자로서 기하학적 억제인자가 α 다양성을 설명하는 가장 중요한 인자로 나타났으며, β 다양성은 기후인자가 가장 높은 설명력을 가지는 인자로 나타났다. 본 연구는 동일한 분류군 내에서도 다양성 측정방법에 따라 상이한 고도별 분포 패턴 및 제어인자를 가진다는 것을 제시하며, 백두대간 마루금 일대의 식물 다양성을 제어하는 인자가 단순히 하나가 아닌 몇 가지 인자의 복합작용에 의해 나타나는 현상임을 의미한다.

The current study was conducted to evaluate the biocompatibility of α-1,3 galactosyltransferase knockout pig bone graft in a rat calvarial defect model. Porcine cancellous bones were harvested from general and alpha-gal KO pigs and washed with 70% ethanol solution and normal saline. Bone pieces of the alpha-gal KO pig underwent a chemical treatment process to delipidize and deproteinize the bone. Bone graft particles were freeze-dried and stored at −70°C until use. Each bone graft was implanted into the rat calvarial defect in a fresh general pig, fresh transgenic pig, and chemical-treated pig bone group. There was no systemic adverse effect on hematology or necropsy findings in all groups at 1 week and 4 weeks. In the microcomputed tomography analysis, bone volume increased significantly in the chemical-treated transgenic pig bone group, whereas bone mineral density decreased significantly in the fresh general pig bone group compared with other groups. Histological evaluation showed cellular infiltration located at the margin of the bone graft particles, especially in the fresh general pig bone group. These results indicate that fresh general pig bone can elicit a greater local inflammatory response than fresh transgenic pig bone. Further, chemical-treated transgenic pig bone graft was less immunogenic than fresh bone graft. In conclusion, transgenic pig bone is a more biocompatible graft material. In addition, chemical treatment can reduce bone graft immunogenicity by delipidizing and deproteinizing bone.

Ti and Ti alloys have been extensively used in the medical and dental fields because of their good corrosion resistance, high strength to density ratio and especially, their low elastic modulus compared to other metallic materials. Recent trends in biomaterials research have focused on development of metallic alloys with elastic modulus similar to natural bone, however, many candidate materials also contain toxic elements that would be biologically harmful. In this study, new Ti based alloys which do not contain the toxic metallic components were developed using a theoretical method (DV-Xα). In addition, alloys were developed with improved mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Ternary Ti-Ag-Zr alloys consisting of biocompatible alloying elements were produced to investigate the alloying effect on microstructure, corrosion resistance, mechanical properties and biocompatibility. The effects of various contents of Zr on the mechanical properties and biocompatibility were compared. The alloys exhibited higher strength and corrosion resistance than pure Ti, had antibacterial properties, and were not observed to be cytotoxic. Of the designed alloys' mechanical properties and biocompatibility, the Ti-3Ag-0.5Zr alloy had the best results.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect on the growth and antioxidant activities of Cichorium intybus L.(CLE), Cichorium intybus L. var. folisum ‘treviso’ (CLET), Cichorium intybus L. var. folisum ‘rosaitaliana’ (CLER) in hydroponics added with Cr3+ or Selenium (Se) for 4 weeks. Total polyphenol, total flavonoids contents and FRAP values of three species of chicory were grown hydroponically with Cr3+ or Se were increased. These extracts were also showed stronger DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity than chicory extracts. In particular, chicories added with Cr3+ had higher antioxidant activities than chicories added with Se. CLER and CLE extracts added with Cr3+ were also showed α-glucosidase inhibition activities. These results indicate that chicories were cultivated in culture fluid added with Cr3+ or Se could be used as high functional vegetables.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is an important pathogen in the development of localized aggressive periodontitis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a virulent factor of periodontal pathogens that contributes to alveolar bone loss and connective tissue degradation in periodontal disease. Our present study was designed to investigate the cytokine expression and signaling pathways regulated by A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS (Aa LPS). Cytokine gene expression profiling in RAW 264.7 cells was performed by microarray analyses. The cytokine mRNA and protein levels and related signaling pathways induced by Aa LPS were measured by RT-PCR, ELISA and western blotting. Microarray results showed that Aa LPS strongly induced the expression of NF-κB, NF-κB-related genes, inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β in RAW 264.7 cells. NF-κB inhibitor pretreatment significantly reduced the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA and protein. In addition, the Aa LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-1β expression was inhibited by p38/JNK MAP kinase inhibitor pretreatment. These results show that Aa LPS stimulates TNF-α and IL-1β expression through NF-κB and p38/JNK activation in RAW 264.7 cells, suggesting the essential role of this pathway in the pathogenesis of localized aggressive periodontitis.

인지질(L-α-phosphatidylethanolamine, LAPE) 단분자층 LB막의 전기화학적 특성을 통하여 그 안정성을 순환전압전류법으로 조사하였다. LAPE 단분자층 LB막은 ITO glass에 LB법을 사용하여 제막하였다. 전기화학적특성은 0.5 N, 1.0 N, 1.5 N 및 2.0 N KClO₄ 용액에서 3 전극 시스템으로 순환전압전류법에 의해 측정하였다. 측정범위는 연속적으로 1650 mV로 산화시키고, 초기 전위인 -1350 mV로 환원시켰다. 주사속도는 각각 50, 100, 150, 200 및 250 mV/s로 설정하였다. 그 결과 LAPE LB 막은 순환전압전류곡선으로부터 산화전류로 인한 비가역공정으로 나타났다. LAPE LB막은 전해질농도가 0.01 N, 0.05 N. 0.10 N, 0.15 N 과 0.20 N KClO4 용액에서 확산계수(D)는 각각 195, 15.9, 5.75, 1.38 및 0.754 cm²s-¹×10-9을 얻었다.

The following study is the result of herbal teas puffed at different temperatures between 140~220℃. Depending on treatment temperatures, the water contents decreased, while some carbonization occurred and crude ash contents relatively increased. Also, the crude protein and crude fat experienced little changes. B(α)P contents (0.16~0.17 ppb) showed little change according to treatment temperatures. From this result, the B(α)P content differed depending on the treatment temperature and raw materials. Solid elution rate figures of the herbal teas ranged from 0.27~0.45% (w/w) and the rate of solid elution increased along with higher puffing temperatures. The reason for the increase in solid elution rates is due to the breakage of cross bridges between the raw materials in the herbal tea which are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and etc. after treatments of physical changes rather than chemical ones.

생체 내 실험에서 발효 인삼꽃 추출물(FM), 발효하지 않은 인삼꽃 추출물(FD)과 대조군으로 생리식염수를 2주간 마우스 체중 ㎏ 당 100, 200 ㎎/㎏ B.W.의 농도로 마우스에 경구 투여한 후 LPS에 의해 활성화된 복강 대식세포가 분비하는 염증성 사이토카인 IL-6, TNF-α의 생성량을 측정하였다. 그 결과, IL-6는 발효 LPS로 자극한 경우, 두 가지 농도에서 모두 처리한 군에 비해 높은 증식능을 나타내었고, LPS로 자극한 결과, 특히 발효 인삼꽃 추출물 200 ㎎/㎏ B.W. 농도에서 유의적으로 낮은 IL-6 분비량을 보였다. TNF-α의 경우, 100 ㎎/㎏ B.W.와 200 ㎎/㎏ B.W. 두 농도 모두에서 LPS로 자극하지 않은 경우, 낮은 증식 효과를 보여주었고, 자극한 경우, 인삼꽃 시료를 첨가한 군이 대조군보다 낮은 TNF-α 분비량을 보였으며, FM에서 FD보다 더 TNF-α를 억제하는 효과가 큰 것을 볼 수 있었다. 이상의 결과에 따르면 FD의 사이토카인 IL-6, TNF-α 생성 효과는 200 ㎎/㎏ B.W. 농도 투여 시 효과적으로 면역 세포와 면역 기관의 주요 기능을 증진시킬 가능성이 있을 것으로 사료된다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 앞으로 인삼꽃 발효를 이용한 기능성 사료 개발과 더불어 산업적 측면에서 보다 긍정적인 효과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구는 짚신나물 열수 추출물의 α-glucosidase 저해 활 성을 측정하고, 분화된 근육세포에서 glucose 이용과 인슐린 신호전달에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 짚신나물 열수 추출 물(10 ㎎/㎖)은 α-glucosidase 활성을 67% 저해하였으며, 같은 농도의 양성대조구인 acarbose(63%)와 유사한 저해 효과를 보였다. 짚신나물 열수 추출물이 α-glucosidase에 의한 단당 류 생성을 저해함으로 식사 후 혈당이 급격히 상승하는 것을 억제하는데 효과적인 소재로 이용 가능성을 확인하였다. 또한 근육세포에서 인슐린 저항성을 유발하기 위해 지방산(1 mM, palmitic acid)를 처리하였고, glucose의 세포내 유입이 감소 되는 것을 확인하였다. 지방산 처리 세포 모델에서 짚신나 물 열수 추출물(10 ㎍/㎖)은 glucose 이용을 유의적으로 회복 시켜 주었다. Normal 상태의 배양조건에서 근육세포의 포도 당 이용능은 짚신나물 열수 추출물(100 ㎍/㎖) 처리에 의해 유의적으로 증가하였다. 근육세포 내로 glucose 유입은 운반 단백질인 Glut4를 통해 이루어지며, 이것은 인슐린이 신호전 달을 통해 조절한다. 짚신나물 열수 추출물의 세포 내 glucose 이용 증가 효과는 인슐린 신호전달 관련 분자인 Akt 유전자 와 단백질 발현을 증가시킨 것과 관련되는 것으로 추정된다. 결론적으로, 짚신나물 열수 추출물은 소화기관에서의 탄수화 물 흡수 저해와 근육세포 내 glucose 이용 증가를 통해 혈당 조절 및 당 대사 개선에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인 하였다.

We studied antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect of α-glucosidase from aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic fractions of Galla rhois. In FRAP and ORAC assay for measuring antioxidant activity, we confirmed that Galla rhois extracts had strong antioxidant activity and ethanolic and methanolic extracts were relatively stronger than aqueous extract. We used trolox as a positive control. In order to measure the inhibitory effect of α-glucosidase, we compared acarbose and Galla rhois extracts. As a result of α-glucosidase inhibitory assay, aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Galla rhois showed high inhibitory activitity and ethanolic and methanolic extracts were relatively stronger than aqueous extract. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of acarbose, aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic fractions were 0.45 mM, 0.53 μg/mL, 0.415 μg/mL and 0.37 μg/mL, respectively. These results suggest that Galla rhois extracts can be a clinically useful anti-diabetic ingredient, indicating that it needs to be fractionated and isolated and should be further investigated.

Roasting 온도를 80~140℃로 달리한 한방차의 성분 변화를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 처리온도의 상승에 따라 수분함량이 감소하고, 일부 탄화가 발생하며 조회분 함량이 상대적으로 상승하는 소폭 변화가 있었고, 조단백질 및 조지방 함량은 거의 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 벤조피렌 함량은 0.17~0.35ppb으로 처리온도가 상승할수록 B(α)P 함량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때, 처리온도와 원재료에 따라 B(α)P 함량에 차이가 발생한 것으로 나타났는데, roasting의 경우 실제 내부온도는 약 200℃내외에 그치지만 roaster 표면의 온도는 약 2,000℃에 이르기 때문에 이 표면과 직접 접촉한 부분에서 일부의 B(α)P가 생성된 것으로 판단된다. 한방차의 고형분용출율을 0.18~0.35%(w/w)를 나타내었는데, roasting 온도가 상승할수록 고형분용출율이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 처리온도가 80~110℃처리구간에서는 큰 변화를 나타내지 않은 반면 110~140℃처리구간에서는 고형분용출율이 급격히 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 처리온도가 상승할수록 고형분용출율이 감소하는 것은 내부 조직이 치밀하여 상대적으로 용출이 어렵기 때문으로 생각된다.

국내 전통식품 인증을 획득한 된장을 대상으로 간 섬유화 억제를 위한 기능 소재로서의 활용가능성을 알아보고자하였다. 국내 농산물로만 제조되어진 전통식품인증 된장총 24개 제품을 전국에서 수집하여 70% 메탄올로 추출한다음, MEF 세포주에 처리하여 간섬유화의 지표인 α-SMA의 발현 억제활성을 측정하였다. 공장식 생산과정을 거치는 일반 시판된장과 대조군 대비, 경북지역에서 수집된No. 13 전통인증된장 추출물이 약 74%의 α-SMA 발현억제활성을 나타내어 뛰어난 간 섬유화 억제활성을 나타내었다. 이는 의약품으로 사용되는 silymarin 84%과 비교시10% 정도밖에 차이나지 않았으며, 2년 이상의 발효시간을거친 제품임을 감안할 때 향후 발효시기에 따른 기능성의향상에 대한 기대도 가능할 것으로 예상된다.

1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ), a potent a-glycosidase inhibitor, has therapeutic applications in treatments of HIV, Gaucher’s disease, and diabetes. 1-DNJ has been extracted from natural sources (mulberry leaves) for therapeutic purposes; however, 1-DNJ ingredients are in limited supply and are costly to obtain on a large scale. Since certain strains of Bacillus and Streptomyces species reportedly produce 1-DNJ, they may serve as potential sources for high-yield 1-DNJ production. In this study, we obtained evidence for four bacteria that produce 1-DNJ in large quantities by high performance liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography. Investigation of the effect of mulberry leaves powder concentration(1~5%), using the 1-DNJ high-production bacteria, provided evidence for microbial mass production of 1-DNJ.

Xenotransplantation of pig organs into primates results in fatal damage, referred as hyperacute rejection (HAR), and acute humoral xenograft rejection (AHXR), to the organ graft mediated by antibodies pre-existing and newly-producing in primates against their cognate pig antigens. Functional ablation of α1,3-galactosyltransferase (Gal-T KO) of pig which is an enzyme involved in synthesis of Gala1-3Galb1-4GlcNAc-R antigen is essentially required to prevent HAR. Moreover, additional genetic modification under Gal-T KO background for enforced expression of human complement regulatory proteins which can inhibits complement activation is known to effectively imped HAR and AHXR. In this study, we constructed a membrane cofactor protein (MCP) expression cassette under control of human EF1α promoter. This cassette was inserted between homologous recombination regions corresponding to Gal-T locus. Subsequently this vector was introduced into ear skin fibroblasts of female pig by nucleofection. We were able to obtained 40 clones by neomycin selection and 4 clones among them were identified as clones targeted into Gal-T locus of MCP expression cassette by long-range PCR. Real time RT-PCR was shown to down-regulation of Gal-T expression. From these results, we demonstrated human EF1α promoter could induce efficient expression of MCP on cell surface of fibroblasts of female pig.

A major barrier to progress in pig to primate organ transplantation or cell therapy is the presence of terminal α -1,3-galactosyl epitopes on the surface of pig cells. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment was to establish and cha- racterize mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) derived from α-1,3-galactosyltransferase (GalT) knock out (GalT KO) pig to confirm their potential for cell therapy. Bone marrow (BM)-MSCs from GalT KO pig of 1 month old were isolated by Ficoll-Paque PLUS gradient and cultured with A-DMEM + 10% FBS on plastic dishes in 5% CO2 incubator at 38.5. GalT KO BM-MSCs were analyzed for the expression of CD markers (CD45－, 29+, 90+ and 105+) and in vitro differentiation ability (adiopogenesis and osteogenesis). Further, cell proliferation capacity and cell aging of GalT KO BM-MSCs were compared to Wild BM-MSCs by BrdU incorporation assay (Roche, Germany) using ELISA at intervals of two days for 7 days. Finally, the cell size was also evaluated in GalT KO and Wild BM-MSCs. Statistical analysis was performed by T-test (P<0.05). GalT KO BM-MSCs showed fibroblast-like cell morphology on plastic culture dish at passage 1 and exhibited CD45－, 29+, 90+ and 105+ expression profile. Follow in ginduction in StemPro adipogenesis and osteogenesis media for 3 weeks, GalT KO BM-MSCs were differentiated into adipocytes, as demonstrated by Oilred Ostaining of lipid vacuoles and osteocytes, as confirmed by Alizarinred Sstaining of mineral dispositions, respectively. BrdU incorporation assay showed a significant decrease in cell proliferation capacity of GalT KO BM-MSCs compared to Wild BM-MSCs from 3 day, when they were seeded at 1×103 cells/well in 96-well plate. Passage 3 GalT KO and Wild BM-MSCs at 80% confluence in culture dish were allowed to form single cells to calculate cell size. The results showed that GalT KO BM-MSCs (15.0 ± 0.4 μm) had a little larger cell size than Wild BM-MSCs (13.5 ± 0.3 μm). From the above findings, it is summarized that GalT KO BM-MSCs possessed similar biological properties with Wild BM-MSCs, but exhibited a weak cell proliferation ability and resistance to cell aging. Therefore, GalT KO BM-MSCs might form a good source for cell therapy after due consideration to low proliferation potency in vitro.