PURPOSES : The purpose of this paper is to develop an evaluation method for aged reclaimed asphalt pavements using RAP mortar specimen and FTIR method. METHODS: To evaluate the low-temperature behavior of aged reclaimed asphalt pavements, an indirect tensile strength test was adopted with an RAP mortar specimen. The RAP mortar specimen without a rejuvenator was fabricated with two fine aggregate types as a function of passing sieve sizes. The fabricated RAP mortar specimen was frozen for 24 h at -20℃. The indirect tensile strength was measured as a function of different absolute viscosities. The indirect tensile strength and displacement were varied as functions of the dosage of the rejuvenator. The spectroscopy analysis of four asphalt binders was performed under attenuated total reflection. The four asphalt binders comprised of a virgin binder, two extracted RAP binders, and a mixed virgin and extracted RAP binder. To evaluate the oxidation of the binder, the carbonyl index was calculated. RESULTS : The four extracted RAP binders were measured with an extremely wide range of absolute viscosity from 30,000 poise to 170,000 poise. The indirect tensile strength of the RAP mortar decreased as the absolute viscosity increased. This means that at lower temperatures, the indirect tensile strength can indicate the oxidation of RAP. Also, the indirect tensile strength and displacement changed sensitively as the dosage of the rejuvenator was changed. Based on the FTIR principle, a good relation was observed between the dosage of the rejuvenator and the FTIR absorbance peak. It can be used to estimate the dosage of the rejuvenator in hot reclaimed asphalt mixture. Also, the carbonyl index of the RAP binder was calculated to evaluate asphalt oxidation using the FTIR principle. CONCLUSIONS : There is a good relation between the indirect tensile strength of RAP mortar and its absolute viscosity. This indicates that RAP mortar can be used to estimate the properties of aged RAP. Also, the usage of rejuvenator can be evaluated with both the indirect tensile strength and FTIR absorbance peak. The carbonyl index can be used to predict asphalt oxidation.

본 연구는 농촌진흥청의 해외농업기술개발사업(Korea Programs on International Agriculture, KOPIA)의 성과를 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 2014년과 2015년에 종료된 태국, 볼리비아, 파라과이, 알제리, 에티오피아 KOPIA센터의 총 6개 사업을 대상으로 종료평가를 통해 사업성과를 분석하였다. 사업성과 평가를 위해 센터별 사업실적보고서 등에 대한 2차 자료 분석과 함께 센터별로 수원기관 직원, 농민 등 협력국 이해관계자들을 대상으로 구조화설문을 실시하였고, 현장방문을 통을 통해 성과를 종합적으로 분석하였다. 분석결과 농촌진흥청 KOPIA센터의 해외농업기술개발사업은 수원국 농업연구기관들과의 협력을 통한 과제 선정, 기술개발, 개발기술의 농가 지도·보급 등 공동수행으로 수원국의 정책목표에 부합하는 사업 선정부터 효율적인 사업운영이 이루어지는 것으로 평가되었다. 이를 통해 예산과 투입인력 대비 높은 수준의 사업효과를 달성하고 있으며, 수원국의 농가소득 증대 및 농촌개발 기반 마련 등의 성과를 달성하였다. 나아가 한국의 발전된 농업기술에 대한 신뢰도 제고는 물론 국내 농산업체의 해외진출에도 기여할 것으로 기대되고 있다. 다만 지속가능한 사업 추진을 위해 공동기술개발 외에 농업 생산성 향상을 위한 농자재 보급 등의 지원과 함께 지도·보급 활동을 통한 사후관리 강화가 요구된다.

Logistics companies are worrying about securing of differential competitiveness so as to be competitive companies in keen logistics market. The ground is how users are satisfied by sell-established service system to respond not only economic feasibility of logistics costs but also diversity and advancement of logistics needs. The competitiveness of logistics companies is also caused by customer satisfaction of service and only companies finding and satisfying customer needs continuously may be more competitive. For the competitiveness, it’s the most important to analyze demands of current and potential customers and their pursuing value properly. Therefore, this researcher grasped PSL for online logistics service users with 5-point Likert-scale and quality-level decision method that consider the weighted value based on Kano model, measured customer’s potential Demand for service through PCDI, and suggested methodology for deciding the priority of the improvement with loss function of Taguchi.

River water quality and organisms have a very close relationship with the human living environment and health, so it is very important to ensure and maintain the ecological integrity of the aquatic ecosystem. In that sense, benthic diatoms have relatively little mobility, can explain the effects of long-term exposed pollution sources, and are very suitable indicator organisms for river ecosystem evaluation. Diatom ecologists have been developed various diatom indices to assess water quality and stream ecosystem over the world. However, they so far have insufficient identification of taxa, are strongly regional, and are difficult to apply as they are domestically. Unfortunately, there has not been developed an independent diatom index suitable for the Korean stream. Therefore, management of water quality and aquatic ecosystem suitable for domestic rivers can be made, and development or improvement of comprehensive multivariate diatom index for the integrated assessment of water quality and aquatic ecosystem is urgently needed.

원전 해체를 준비함에 있어 정성적 또는 정량적 위험도 평가는 필수요소이다. 해체 공정간 발생하는 방사선학적 및 비방사선학적 위험요소는 해체 작업자 및 대중의 안전을 보장하기 위해 사전에 평가되어야 한다. 현재 해체 경험이 많은 미국의 기 존 사업자들 및 NRC의 경우 위험의 중대성만 평가하는 결정론적 위험도 평가에 집중하고 있다. 하지만 최근 IAEA는 위험도 매트릭스를 활용한 위험도평가를 결정론적 위험도 평가의 대체안으로 제안하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 위험도평가에 앞서 해체 공정 별 해체 활동을 Risk Breakdown Structure에 맞추어 정리하였고, 미국 20여개 해체 원전에서 해체 공정별 위험도 평가 시행 중 선정한 해체 활동간 잠재적 사고를 해체 활동에 맞게 체계적으로 정리하였다. 그리고 복합 리스크 매트릭 스를 개발 및 활용하여 해체 공정간 방사선학적 및 비방사선학적 위험요소의 위험도를 평가하여 정량적으로 수치화 하였다.

The flow of the 4th Industrial Revolution calls for the innovation of the traditional business models of the manufacturers. Servitization is a corporate strategy to respond to changes in the business environment. These days, the value that the market demands can be created on the basis of the product-service integration. Thus the manufacturers must pursue the fundamental innovation of the current strategy and business models. It is necessary to create common values with customers through providing product-service integrated offerings beyond the development, production, and delivery. The purpose of this study is to develop the evaluation indicators for selecting suppliers when the manufacturer who offers the value of product-service integration needs to obtain the resources from outside. The case company in this study is the manufacture firm conducting the retail IoT business as a new business. The Delphi method is used to develop the evaluation indicators for selecting suppliers. This study suggests the academic implications providing the perspective of Servitizaiton by using Delphi method, and the practical implications applying the creating value method of Servitization by collecting the opinions from both value providers and value consumers in the process of developing the evaluation indicators.

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a nutrition education program that was designed to increase the knowledge, attitudes, and skills of Korean adults regarding nutrition labeling. The education program was 45 minutes of short-term training, which was conducted in the form of lectures and exercises. The contents of the program were as follows: in the introduction stage, talking about status and reasons for checking nutrition labels; in the development stage, explanation of nutrition labeling and their content, reading, and identifying sample nutrition labels, as well as comparing nutrition labels and selecting better foods; in the closing stage, summary of nutrition labeling and a pledge to check nutrition labels when purchasing processed food. A total of 53 adults (88.5% female) aged 30 years and over participated in this study. The nutrition labeling awareness of the subjects was increased significantly from 55.8 to 96.2% after the education. After the education, the correct recognition rate of a nutrition label was increased significantly from 26.9 to 78.8% for the amount of food, from 25.0 to 73.1% for the calorie content, from 36.5 to 69.2% for the nutrient contents, and from 30.8 to 82.7% for the percent daily value. The self-efficacy of checking nutrition labels was also increased significantly compared to that before the education. The overall satisfaction score of the nutrition education program was 4.2 out of 5. The outcome showed that the nutrition education program of nutrition labeling improved the participants’ awareness and self-efficacy towards checking nutrition labels.

With the recent remarkable improvements in the average speeds of contemporary trains, a necessity has arisen for the development of new friction modifiers to improve adhesion characteristics at the wheel-rail interface. The friction modifier must be designed to reduce slippage or sliding of the trains’ wheels on the rails under conditions of rapid acceleration or braking without excessive rolling contact wear. In this study, a novel composite material consisting of metal, ceramic, and polymer is proposed as a friction modifier to improve adhesion between wheels and rails. A blend of Al-6Cu-0.5Mg metallic powder, Al2O3 ceramic powder, and Bakelite-based polymer in various weight-fractions is hot-pressed at 150oC to form a bulk composite material. Variation in the adhesion coefficient is evaluated using a high-speed wheel-rail friction tester, with and without application of the composite friction modifier, under both dry and wet conditions. The effect of varying the weighting fractions of metal and ceramic friction powders is detailed in the paper.

PURPOSES : This study was conducted to develop a traffic accident prediction model using traffic accident data and management and service evaluation data on bus companies in Busan, and to determine the possibility of establishing customized traffic accident prevention measures for each company. METHODS: First, we collected basic data on the characteristics of urban bus traffic accidents and conducted basic statistical analysis. Then, we developed traffic accident prediction models using Poisson regression and negative binomial regression to examine the characteristics of major items of management and service evaluation affecting traffic accidents. RESULTS : The Poisson regression model showed overdispersion; hence, the negative binomial regression model was selected. The results of the traffic accident prediction model developed using negative binomial regression are acceptable at 95% confidence level (a = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS : The traffic accident prediction model indicates that the management of the traffic record system and internal and external management items in service evaluation have a significant effect on the reduction of traffic accidents. In particular, because human factors are the main cause of traffic accidents, bus traffic accidents are expected to greatly decrease if drivers' dangerous driving behaviors are effectively controlled by bus companies.

Forward Osmosis process has no, as yet, reliable method to predict fouling. This study utilized the concept of fouling reversibility to develop the index. The osmotically-driven reversibility index, denoted as ORI, was acquired by measuring the flux recovery after physical cleaning cycle and the protocols of ORI were developed systematically by considering all the critical factors of FO process. The applicability of ORI was examined by investigating FO process when treating secondary effluents from various full-scale wastewater treatment plants. The results demonstrated that the normalized final flux by fouling in FO was closely correlated to the ORI measurements with high statistical reliability. The ORI has proven to be useful evaluation parameter for continuous operation and determining cleaning cycles of FO process.

최근 3년간 검토된 환경관리해역에서 이루어진 해역이용협의 건수는 총 60건으로 조사되었다. 환경보전해역에서는 지속적으로 감소하였고, 특별관리해역에서는 증가하는 양상을 나타내었다. 환경관리해역의 개별사업유형을 분석한 결과 인공구조물 설치사업이 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였고, 그 외 항만 어항개발, 연안정비 및 해수 인 배수사업유형이 많이 이루어졌다. 환경관리해역에서 국가해양환경정보통합시스템(MEIS) 자료를 활용하여 2006~2017년까지 경년별 수질변화경향을 비교한 결과, COD는 뚜렷한 증감의 변화는 보이지 않았으나 환경보전지역은 다소 증가하였으며, TN과 TP의 농도는 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 특별관리해역인 광양만과 마산만 및 환경보전해역인 가막만에서는 주로 하계에 빈산소수괴가 출현하였다. 이러한 환경관리해역에서의 이용·개발행위가 지속적으로 이루어지고 있으므로, 이에 따른 해양환경부문 환경영향평가(해역이용협의)시에는 충분한 수질변화에 대한 실태분석 및 사업추진에 따른 수질영향과 퇴적물의 오염상태를 철저히 진단해서 오염원관리에 대한 대책이 중점적으로 평가되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 특히, 각 환경관리해역의 지정 목적에 따른 유지 수질목표를 명확히 설정하여, 오염원 및 연안오염총량관리와 연계하여 오염 부하량 저감대책을 제시하여야 할 것이다.