본 연구는 울릉도 수산자원 감소 문제를 해결하기 위한 방안 중 하나로서 정치성 구획어업의 도입을 위한 시험 연구를 수행하였다. 시험용 어구인 삼각망은 울릉도 해역의 환경, 운영 및 관리 비용, 소형 어선 및 인력이 운영할 수 있는 조건을 고려하여 선정하였다. 2017년 4월부터 5월까지 삼각망을 이용하여 11회 어획 조사한 결과, 총 개체수는 2,735개체, 중량은 983.4 kg 으로 계측되었으며, 우점종은 참돔, 방어, 넙치, 한치, 전갱이, 쥐치류 등으로 조사되었다. 조사 기간 중 유용 수산자원은 어류의 경우 조피볼락(Sebastes schlegelii), 볼락(S. inermis), 개볼락(S. pachycephalus), 쑤기미(Inimicus japonicus), 노래미(Hexagrammos agrammus), 농어목 어류 붉 바리(Epinephelus akaara), 참돔(Pagrus major) 그리고 말쥐치(Thamnaconus modestus)로 분류 되었으며, 두족류인 한치(Uroteuthis chinensis)의 어획량이 많은 것으로 분석되었다. 울릉도의 주요 수산자원 중 하나인 살오징어의 생산량이 지속적으로 감소할 경우, 삼각망과 같은 소형 정치성 구획어업의 도입은 어민 수입 창출의 대체 수단으로 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

기계 중심의 자동차에 전기/전자 부품의 장착이 증가함에 따라 자동차 내 전기/전자(EE) 시스템에 대한 기능 안전 설계 요구가 대두되고 있다. IEC 61508 국제 표준은 모든 종류의 산업에 적용 가능한 기본적인 기능 안전 표준으로 작성되었다. 자동차 분야에서는 ISO 26262가 특화된 기능 안전 표준으 로 적용되고 있다. ISO 26262는 자동차의 기술적 복잡도 증가, 소프트웨어 내용 및 메카트로닉스 증가 추세와 함께 시스템적 고장(systematic failure)과 하드웨어의 우발 고장(random hardware failure)에 의한 리스크를 방지하기 위한 지침을 포함하고 있다. ISO 26262는 자동차 안전 수명 주기(관리, 개념, 시스템 개발, 하드웨어 개발, 소프트웨어 개발, 생산, 운용, 서비스, 폐기)를 제공하고, 각수명 주기 단계 별 필요한 안전 지침을 제공하고 있다. 최근 자율주행 차량(automatic driving) 및 전기자동차모빌 리티(e-mobility) 등에 대한 전 세계적 관심이 증가하고 이에 따른 기능 안전 설계의 중요성이 더욱 증가하는 시점에서 자동차 기능 안전에 대한 올바른 개념 이해는 자동차의 안전 설계를 넘어 자동차의 사용성 및 사용자 경험을 높이기 위한 기반을 마련하는 데 필수적이라 할 수 있다. 본 발표를 통해 자동차 안전 설계 개념을 이해하고, 안전 설계를 지원하고 보장하기 위한 아이디어를 제공하기를 기대한다.

The objective of this study is to provide direction in the improvement of sodium labeling in an effort to reduce consumption. We surveyed confirmation and importance of food labeling and nutrition information and we also analyzed the willingness to pay on new nutrients labeling. Consumers checked the sell-by-date, product name, method of intake, but not nutritional information. They also checked for calories and carbohydrates but they were not interested in sodium, sugar, and trans fat which are health hazard nutrients. It is necessary to improve nutrition labeling, because consumers are experiencing difficulties in obtaining sodium information under the nutrition labeling system. Consumers will pay about 0.66% more if new sodium labeling is introduced. In conclusion, food labeling system can be improved by smooth and efficient access of information. for health-hazard nutritional components, such as sodium, it is important to introduce policies that reduce their intake. This can be done by providing consumers with clear and concise information. The social costs of high sodium intake could be reduced, hence improving the national health.

This study analyzed the condition of marine accident and disaster rate of crew of Korean fishing vessels by vessel type, and checked the Australian safety management system and relevant regulation in Korea to suggest measures to build coastal/offshore fishing vessel safety management system in Korean coastal/offshore fishery. As a result, the power and production amount of Korean coastal/offshore fishing vessel is consistently decreasing while marine accident is increasing. Disaster rate of crew was higher than land industry, especially, the disaster rate of coastal/offshore fishing vessel was very high (100.0‰). Australia applies safety management system differed by vessel type and operation waters which fully considers the characteristics of pertinent vessel. The average accident rate of fishing vessels with gross tonnage over 20 tons among the Korean coastal/offshore fishing vessel was 13.6%, which was significantly higher than fishing vessels with gross tonnage below 20 tons (1.4%). Such result indicates it is urgent to implement safety management system to fishing vessel with gross tonnage over 20 tons and introduce fishing vessel safety supervisor. Establishing safety management system of coastal/offshore fishing vessel will contribute to consistent industrial development by achieving the general goal of reducing marine accident and spreading safety culture.

본 연구는 봉선사천에 재도입된 참갈겨니(Zacco koreanus) 개체군과 복원 개체군의 원 서식처인 조종천과 수동천의 종조성 및 하천 수환경을 평가하고, 하천별 서식하고 있는 참갈겨니의 생육상태 및 생식능력을 비교ꞏ분석하고자 하였다. 현지조사는 참갈겨니의 산란시기를 고려하여 2016년 6월에 조사를 실시하였다. 물리적 수환경 분석 결과 하천별 모두 고도, 유폭, 수심의 차이는 적은 것으로 나타났으며, 하상구조는 Boulder, Cobble, Pebble의 비율이 높은 것으로 조사되 었다. 이화학적 수환경 분석 결과 수온, pH, DO, BOD, EC 항목에서 하천별 모두 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지는 않는 것으로 분석되었다. 어류상 조사결과 봉선사천에서 총 3과 11종 530개체가 출현하였으며, 조종천에서 총 4과 12종 293개체, 수동천에서 총 4과 11종 361개체가 채집되었다. 하천별 모두 참갈겨니가 우점하고, 피라미(Zacco platypus)가 아우점하는 것으로 나타났다. 한국고유종은 하천별 모두 각각 6종씩 출현하여 50.0% 이상의 높은 고유종 빈도를 보였다. 군집지수 분석결과 평균 우점도지수는 0.63(±0.05, BS)~0.72(±0.01, JJ), 평균 다양도지수는 1.55(±0.06, JJ) ~1.78(±0.11, BS), 평균 균등도지수는 0.71(±0.03, JJ)~0.76(±0.02, BS), 평균 풍부도지수는 1.61(±0.33, JJ)~1.73 (±0.24, SD)의 범위로 분석되어 조사하천별 군집지수의 차이는 적은 것으로 나타났다. 유사도 분석결과 75.4%의 유사성을 기준으로 A와 B 두 개의 Group으로 구분되었으며, 조사지점별 어류상이 유사한 것으로 분석되었다. 정량적 서식처 평가 지수(QHEI) 분석 결과 QHEI는 평균 151.0(±46.0)으로 양호한 서식처 환경을 가지고 있는 것으로 분석되 었다. 참갈겨니 개체군의 Length-weight 분석 결과 복원 개체군과 원 서식처 개체군의 회귀계수 b값이 3.0 이상으로 나타났으며, 비만도 지수 기울기는 양의 기울기를 갖는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 복원 개체군에 비해 상대적으로 원 서식처 개체군의 회귀계수 b값 및 비만도 지수 기울기가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 참갈겨니 개체군의 Length frequency 분포를 분석한 결과 하천별 모두 안정적인 생활사를 유지하고 있는 것으로 분석되었으나 상대적으로 1년생 개체군에서 복원 개체군 보다는 원 서식처 개체군의 성장속도가 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 생식소중량 지수(GSI) 분석 결과 상대적으 로 수컷과 암컷 모두 원 서식처인 조종천과 수동천의 개체군 보다 봉선사천 참갈겨니의 GSI median 값이 높은 것으로 분석되었다.

Nitrogen (N) loading from domestic, agricultural and industrial sources can lead to excessive growth of macrophytes or phytoplankton in aquatic environment. Many studies have used stable isotope ratios to identify anthropogenic nitrogen in aquatic systems as a useful method for studying nitrogen cycle. In this study to evaluate the precision and accuracy of denitrification bacteria method (Pseudomonas chlororaphis ssp. Aureofaciens (ATCC® 13985)), three reference (IAEA-NO-3 (Potassium nitrate KNO3), USGS34 (Potassium nitrate KNO3), USGS35 (Sodium nitrate KNO3)) were analyzed 5 times repeatedly. Measured the δ15N-NO3 and δ18O-NO3 values of IAEA-NO-3, USGS 34 and USGS35 were δ15N: 4.7±0.1‰ δ18O: 25.6±0.5‰, δ15N: -1.8±0.1‰ δ18O: -27.8±0.4‰, and δ15N: 2.7±0.2‰ δ18O: 57.5±0.7‰, respectively, which are within recommended values of analytical uncertainties. Also, we investigated isotope values of potential nitrogen source (soil, synthetic fertilizer and organic-animal manures) and temporal patterns of δ15N-NO3 and δ18O-NO3 values in river samples during from May to December. δ15N-NO3 and δ18O-NO3 values are enriched in December suggesting that organic-animal manures should be one of the main N sources in those areas. The current study clarifies the reliability of denitrification bacteria method and the usefulness of stable isotopic techniques to trace the anthropogenic nitrogen source in freshwater ecosystem.

Due to dramatic changes in the trend of corporate management in economics, labor and government, companies are being asked to adapt creative and innovative organizational culture in order to keep sustainability. Under the circumstances, flexible working hour becomes one of very effective method for organization culture improvement. Recently, M company has introduced the new policy of working hours that employees can choose a couple of different time options depending on their personal situations. And it turns out to be very effective to work & life balance, increasing organizational vitality, improving efficiency of business and productivity, recruitment of core human resources, and prevention of deviation; both team and personal performance levels has significantly improved. Therefore, it is highly recommended to adapt flexible working policies for companies seeking for a long term, sustainable corporate vision.

Chinese ink and wash painting, taking ink as the carrier and based on the variation of the colour of black and white, has been developed under the deep influence of the Han nationality's philosophy- the theory of Yin Yang and five elements. With the development of metaphysics in Wei and Jin dynasties, the rudiment of ink landscape, which was mainly manifested with the stroke of hook, cracked and ink dye. Wang Wei, in Tang Dynasty, once wrote in his essay Skills of Landscape Painting: wash and ink painting is a very high level of painting. This interpretation has established the aesthetic orientation in Chinese wash and ink painting. After the rising of the literati paintings in Song Dynasty, lots of ink flower-and-bird painting and ink figure painting have been seen. Till this time, the Chinese ink and wash painting, taking water and ink as its basic materials, and the theory that man is an integral part of the nature as its core value, has become mature gradually and a system was eventually formed. Zhang Yanyuan in Tang Dynasty, wrote in his the Famous Paintings of History that five colours would be presented through different strokes of ink. He classified five types of using water and ink in painting. There are many different interpretations for the five colours and the author tends to divide them into five stroke types: thick (containing more ink), light (containing less ink), dry (containing less water), wet (containing more water), extremely thick (containing the most ink). Moreover, combining her practice of water and ink paining for decades and her study of Yi-ology, the author tries to bring the five types of using water and ink (they might be called the five types of water- and- ink-using in painting temporally) into the studies of Yin Yang and five elements (including the Feng Shui Theory, numerology and traditional Chinese medicine, which were originally developed from the Yi-ology). Wood of the five elements, corresponding to Light of the five types of water-and-ink using in painting, is positive, with an elegant and refined character; Fire, corresponding to Dry in painting, is extremely positive, with a high stated character; Earth, corresponding to Thick in painting, is neutral, with a steady character; Metal, corresponding to Extreme Thick in painting, is negative, with a deliberate character; Water, corresponding to Wet in painting, is extremely negative, with a soft and smooth character. A painter is a part of the universe. Hence his/her location and horoscope inevitably connects the five types of his/her ink and wash paintings. One's external presentation is the embodiment of the internal quality and the internal quality includes not only one's subjective practice in mentality, but also one's health conditions in physiology. If the painter's horoscope agrees with the five types of his/her ink and wash paintings, the mental happiness and physical health shall be ensured; if not, the spiritual happiness and physical health might be influenced. In this essay, the author classifies painters' horoscope into four types, which are lack-of-metal type, lack-of-water type, lack-of-wood type, lack-of-fire type, and analyze the connection between them and the five types of the wash-and-ink paintings. The main idea of the Yi-ology is that a man is an integral part of the nature and a man should conform to nature. In Qian Gua, the first divinatory symbols among the eight ones in Zhou Yi (the ancient text of Yi-ology), it interpreted the idea in a metaphor that haughtiness invited ruin. A proper application of the stroke of thick, light, dry, wet and extremely thick to the painting can help the art work keep balanced of Yin and Yang and is presented with a lively spirit and charm. Otherwise, the art work will be a failure. If a painter can understand the dialectical relationship between the theory of Yin and Yang and the five elements and the five elements and the five stroke types in ink painting, he/she shall be able to understand his/her artistic creation and arts appreciation. This is also the significance of studying oriental art philosophy.