Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease, with the reticular type being the most common among its subtypes, while the erosive type is known to have a relatively higher risk of malignant transformation. The reticular subtype of OLP has a low risk of malignancy, whereas the erosive subtype has a higher risk, leading to a debate on whether OLP should be considered a precancerous lesion. On the other hand, Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor occurring in the oral cavity. It often originates from precancerous lesions, and due to its often unclear early symptoms, there is a growing need for early diagnosis. This study aims to identify salivary biomarkers associated with malignant transformation from OLP to OSCC through a literature review. The review was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, focusing on the last 20 years. The search keywords used were "Oral lichen planus reticular," "Oral lichen planus erosive," "Oral squamous cell carcinoma," and "Biomarker." Compared to healthy controls, a total of 48 biomarkers showed increased or decreased expression in OLP-reticular, 43 in OLP-erosive, and 54 in OSCC. There were 27 common biomarkers between OLP-reticular and OLP-erosive, and 11 common biomarkers between OLP-erosive and OSCC. Nine biomarkers were common across OLP-reticular, OLP-erosive, and OSCC. Among the 27 biomarkers showing a shift from OLP-reticular to OLP-erosive, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TBARS were observed to increase in expression as the condition progressed from OLP-reticular to OLP-erosive. The nine biomarkers involved in the transition from OLP-reticular to OLP-erosive and subsequently to OSCC were TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, CD44, MMP-9, Catalase, and Survivin. Notably, Survivin was found to decrease in expression in both OLP-reticular and OLP-erosive compared to healthy controls, but its expression increased in OSCC, making it the most noteworthy biomarker.

Burning mouth syndrome is a rare disorder of a complex nature that significantly impairs the life quality of those affected. Its clinical features are characterized by oral burning sensation as well as xerostomia, dysgeusia, and halitosis. While various etiological factors have been proposed over the last few decades, recent studies have focused on understanding its pathophysiology as a neuropathic disorder that involves both peripheral and central neuropathy. In addition, other explanations of BMS pathology have also been proposed, including hormonal disturbances during and after menopause, immunological challenges, and psychological distress. Despite these research efforts, the etiology of BMS remains elusive, awaiting further investigations. The scope of this review includes the current understanding of BMS pathology and animal models developed for deciphering molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of BMS. The overview of recent research efforts and our knowledge of BMS pathology will provide an opportunity to evaluate the status of our understanding of BMS and its future perspective in improving the life quality of those affected by this rather intractable disorder.

이 연구는 대학생의 생활패턴과 구강건강 관련성을 분석하여 생활패턴 별 구강보건교육안을 기획하는데 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 2024년 5월 한 달 동안 K 대학교 재학 중인 학생 121명의 온라인 설문 조사 자료를 SPSS 프로그램으로 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 생활패턴 은 저녁형이 많았고 치과 정기검진자는 여자가 많았다. 생활패턴별 일상 생활구강건강영향지수 분석결과 구강건조감은 저녁형과 스트레스 상위집 단이 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 생활패턴, 스트레스, 구강건조감, 악관절 장애 및 OIDP 상관성 분석 결과 생활패턴은 구강건조감과 양의 상관관계 (.284, p <0.01), 스트레스는 구강건조감과 양의 상관관계(.316, p <0.01), 구강건조감은 OIDP와 양의 상관성(.281, p <0.01)이 있는 것으로 나타났 다. 생활패턴별 스트레스 경험 수준과 구강 관리습관, 구강증상 경험, 일 상생활구강건강영향지수는 차이가 있어 구강보건교육시 이를 반영하여 교육한다면 개인 특성에 따른 구강건강증진을 도모할 수 있을 것으로 사 료된다.

목적 : 일개 대학 안경광학과 대학생들의 지각된 스트레스, 주관적 건강상태, 안구건조 및 구강건조 증상의 관련 성을 알아보고자 한다. 방법 : 일개 대학 안경광학과 대학생 150명을 대상으로 일반적 특성 8문항, 스트레스 자각적도 10문항, 안구건 조 증상 8문항, 구강건조 증상 6문항을 온라인으로 설문 조사하였다. 통계분석은 독립표본 t-검정과 ANOVA 분 석, pearson의 상관분석, 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결과 : 여학생이 남학생보다 지각된 스트레스와 안구건조 증상이 더 높았으며, 스마트폰 사용 시간이 7시간 이 상일 때 안구건조 증상이 유의하게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 음주자가 비음주자보다 낮은 스트레스를 지각 했으며, 안구건조와 구강건조 증상은 지각된 스트레스와 정적 상관관계를 보였다. 주관적 건강상태는 스트레스와 부적 상관관계를 나타냈으며, 특히 주관적 구강건강 상태가 나쁜 그룹은 스트레스 수준이 더 높았다. 결론 : 본 연구 결과는 지각된 스트레스가 안구건조 및 구강건조 증상과 관련이 있음을 시사하며, 학생들의 스 트레스 관리 및 건강상태 모니터링의 필요성을 강조한다. 추후 연구에서는 다양한 연령대와 스트레스 요인을 포함 한 연구가 필요할 것이다.

Oral verruciform xanthoma (OVX) is an uncommon benign lesion of the oral mucosa, clinically mimicking various verrucous lesions. This study aimed to describe the clinicopathological characteristics of OVX. Twenty-one patients diagnosed with OVX were collected. The patients’ age, sex, medical history, clinical features, and treatment were reviewed. Archived slides were reviewed, and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining with CD68, CD1a, and S-100 were performed. OVXs affected 13 males and 8 females (M: F=1.6:1) with a mean age of 52 ± 21 years. The most prevalent site was the gingiva (57.1%), followed by the hard palate (28.5%). The lesions presented as an asymptomatic solitary lesion with verrucous or granular surface, with exception of one case with multiple papules on the hard palate. PAS-positive granules were found in xanthoma cells in 14 (66%) specimens. IHC revealed that xanthoma cells were positive for CD68 and negative for CD1a and S-100 in all specimens. Most lesions were successfully excised, and none of the lesions have recurred. Clinicians should include OVX in the differential diagnosis of various verrucous lesions in the oral cavity to provide appropriate management.

이 연구는 구강보건정책 연구 동향을 파악하여 구강보건정책 개선에 활용할 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 2010년부터 2024년까지 RISS에 게재된 구강보건정책 관련 연구 97편의 주제어를 Net-Miner 4.0 프로그 램으로 네트워크 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 구강보건정책 연구 주제어 의 출현 빈도는 노인, 구강관리, 구강보건인식이 높게 나타났다. 연결 중 심성이 높은 주제어는 구강관리, 융복합, 삶의 질이었다. 구강보건정책 연구 응집구조분석 결과 1집단은 유아 청소년 구강보건정책, 2집단은 성 인 구강보건 정책, 3집단은 노인 구강보건정책, 4집단은 치주 및 보험 구강보건정책, 5집단은 삶의 질 관련 구강정책 영향요인 연구로 구성되 었다. Modularity 값은 0.257로 모듈화됨을 확인하였다. 구강보건정책 연구는 대상자, 중대구강질환, 삶의 질 중심으로 진행되었고 고령화 사회 시대적 흐름을 반영한 정책연구 확대가 요구되었다.

Orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts are developmental cysts that occur in the jaw that account for approximately 7%–17% of all cysts in the jaws. Studies have shown that malignant transformation of odontogenic cysts most often occurs in inflammatory cysts, such as periapical cysts, but malignant transformation of orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts has also been reported. In this report, we present an uncommon case of squamous cell carcinoma arising from an orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst.

The Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology was established in March 1970 by Dr. Young Pill Cho. Successive chairpersons of the department have included Dr. Han Kook Cho, Dr. Jaeo Cho, Dr. Eun Chull Kim, and Dr. Sang Wook Kang, who held the position until 2021. The tasks of the Department of Oral Pathology include conducting lectures and laboratory work for undergraduate dental students, as well as for graduate students pursuing MSD and PhD degrees. The department also engages in research within the field of oral pathology and provides diagnostic services for tissues obtained from diseases affecting the oral and maxillofacial regions. The objectives of the department are to equip students with the appropriate knowledge and skills to diagnose and develop accurate treatment plans for diseases affecting oral and maxillofacial structures through lectures and laboratory work after graduation. Since the establishment of the Master's and PhD programs in Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, a total of 94 individuals have completed the Master's program, 45 individuals have completed the PhD program, and 1 individual has completed the Master-PhD collaboration program. Each participant completed their respective courses and obtained the appropriate degrees following the evaluation of their graduation theses.

The limitation of markers for chronic oral diseases such as oral lichen planus (OLP) and burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. The pathogenesis of OLP and BMS is not yet fully understood. Therefore, diagnoses are mainly based on the observation of clinical features and history, rather than established markers. C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) are used to determine the state of inflammation; however, these markers have some limitations. Recently, a new inflammatory marker, pentraxin-3 (PTX3), has been identified in other systemic inflammatory diseases. PTX3 is a member of the pentraxin family and is classified as a long pentraxin. PTX3 is found in various human tissues, whereas the classical short pentraxin, CRP, is secreted only in the liver. PTX3 is a marker of autoimmune diseases and periodontitis. However, there are no studies on PTX3 in OLP and BMS; therefore, we sought to determine if PTX3 can be a diagnostic marker for OLP and BMS. PTX3 was found to be correlated with other inflammatory markers, suggesting its diagnostic value for inflammatory oral diseases. We also found that the PTX3 levels were lower in patients with OLP and BMS. ESR levels were elevated in the OLP and BMS groups, but CRP levels were not. Despite these associations, no correlation was found between PTX3 expression and other known clinical features of OLP and BMS. We suggest that PTX3 plays a role in the immunological and neurological pathways involved in the complex pathogenesis of OLP and BMS.

Purpose: Even today, cancer remains a challenge to overcome. The purpose of this study is to understand the current status of lip-oral-pharyngeal cancer in Koreans by identifying the survival rate of lip-oral-pharyngeal cancer in Koreans through long-term big data. Material and Method: This study utilized 2023 KOSIS (Cancer Registration Statistics, Ministry of Health and Welfare) academically. The 5-year relative survival rates of lip-oral-pharyngeal cancer from 1996 to 2020 were compared and analyzed at 5-year intervals. Results: The 5-year relative survival rate for lip-oral-pharyngeal cancer was 47.4% from 1996 to 2000, 54.5% from 2001 to 2005, 61.1% from 2006 to 2010, 65.5% from 2011 to 2015, and 69.7% from 2016 to 2020. From 1996 to 2005, the 5-year relative survival rate for lip-oral-pharyngeal cancer was higher than the 5-year relative survival rate for all cancers. However, in the recent 15 years from 2006 to 2020, the 5-year relative survival rate for lip-oral-pharyngeal cancer was lower than for all cancers. Conclusions: In conclusion, this long-term big data showed that the 5-year relative survival rate of lip-oral-pharyngeal cancer in Koreans has increased further in modern times. However, in order to increase the overall survival rate of all human cancers, continuous efforts to improve the survival rate of lip-oral-pharyngeal cancer are needed in the future.

본 연구는 코마개의 사용 여부에 따라 MRI 영상을 분석함으로써 숨 참기의 정확도를 향상할 도구로써 코마개가 실 효성이 있는지 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 수검자에게 코마개가 없는 자연 호흡과 코마개를 사용한 구강 호흡 상태에서 호기 후 숨 참기를 지시하고 MRI 영상을 획득하였다. 영상은 2D 경사 자기장 에코 시퀀스로 획득하였고 초당 1장씩, 총 15장을 얻어 숨 참기 상태를 분석하였다. 숨 참기의 상태를 정량적으로 평가하기 위해 우측 폐 면적 을 측정하였다. 그리고 첫 번째 영상의 폐 면적을 기준으로 나머지 영상들에서 폐 면적의 절대 오차값을 구해 비교하 였다. 더불어 첫 번째 영상을 기준으로 나머지 영상들의 기하학적 유사도를 평가하기 위해 SSIM 값을 계산하였다. 실험 결과, 자연 호흡 상태에서 절대 오차는 평균 216.79 ㎟로 나타났다. 반면, 코마개를 사용한 구강 호흡의 경우 평균 55.94 ㎟로 나타나 자연 호흡과 비교하여 약 74.19% 감소하였다. SSIM 값은 자연 호흡 시 평균 0.7, 구강 호흡 시 0.76으로 나타나 기하학적 유사도가 약 6% 향상되었다. 이는 코마개 사용 시 호흡의 초기 상태를 잘 유지함 으로써 숨 참기의 정확도가 향상되어 능동적으로 호흡 상태를 조절할 수 있는 도구로써 충분한 가치가 있음을 증명한 다. 따라서 복부 MRI 검사에서 호흡에 따른 인공물을 개선하는 데 코마개가 도움을 줄 수 있으며 영상 개선 및 업무 효율을 높이는 도구로써 충분히 활용할 수 있다.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer, and it has been steadily increasing in worldwide. Pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) has been known as oncogene in a verity of cancers. Nevertheless, the expression and role of PTTG1 in OSCC progression remains largely unexplored. In this study, clinical datasets were analyzed to assess the genetic impact of PTTG1 on OSCC progression and to identify its functional roles in OSCC cell lines. We analyzed the expression of PTTG1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) and OSCC using databases form the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). To investigate the effect of PTTG1 on proliferation and migration abilities in OSCC cell lines, following the knockdown of PTTG1 in HSC-2 and SCC-9 cell lines, we analyzed the proliferation and metastatic abilities of OSCC cells using EdU and Boyden chamber assays. Our database analysis revealed that PTTG1 was significantly overexpressed in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues. Moreover, its expression correlated with clinical parameters of OSCC. In vitro experiments demonstrated that depletion of PTTG1 suppressed the ability of cell proliferation and migration in both HSC-2 and SCC-9 cell lines. In conclusion, our study suggests that PTTG1 may act as an oncogene in OSCC. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms and clinical implications of PTTG1 expression in OSCC patients.

목적 : 본 연구는 노인들의 인지기능과 삶의 만족도간의 관계에서 노인구강건강요인의 매개효과를 분석하 기 위해 수행되었다. 연구방법 : 8차 고령화연구패널조사(2020년)에 수집된 60세 이상의 중고령자 6,169명을 대상으로 분석하 였다. 노인구강건강 요인은 노인구강건강평가지수(Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index; GOHAI)의 기능적 차원 요인, 심리사회적 차원 요인, 통증 및 불편함 요인으로 세분화하였고 각 요인의 매개효과를 Mplus 8.4를 활용하여 경로분석을 수행하였다. 결과 : 6,169명의 평균 연령은 70.77세였다. 인지기능과 삶의 만족도 사이에서 노인구강건강 요인 중 구강건 강관련 기능적 차원 요인(β = 0.207, 95% Confidence Interval; CI = 0.169, 0.207)이 23%로 가장 큰 부분매개효과를 나타났다. 심리사회적 차원 요인은 22%(β = 0.202, 95% CI = 0.171, 0.236), 통증 및 불편함 요인은 16%(β = 0.146, 95% CI = 0.119, 0.175)로 기술한 순으로 부분매개효과를 나타냈다. 결론 : 인지기능과 삶의 만족도 사이에 구강건강 관련 기능적 차원 요인, 심리사회적 차원 요인, 통증 및 불편함 요인이 미치는 영향력을 확인하였다. 따라서 노인의 인지수준을 고려하고, 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 구강건강 요인을 세분화하여 파악한 결과를 통해 개개인의 맞춤형 재활치료 접근 전략을 세우고 노인의 삶의 만족도를 높일 필요성을 제시하고자 한다.

In the realm of dental prosthesis fabrication, obtaining accurate impressions has historically been a challenging and inefficient process, often hindered by hygiene concerns and patient discomfort. Addressing these limitations, Company D recently introduced a cutting-edge solution by harnessing the potential of intraoral scan images to create 3D dental models. However, the complexity of these scan images, encompassing not only teeth and gums but also the palate, tongue, and other structures, posed a new set of challenges. In response, we propose a sophisticated real-time image segmentation algorithm that selectively extracts pertinent data, specifically focusing on teeth and gums, from oral scan images obtained through Company D's oral scanner for 3D model generation. A key challenge we tackled was the detection of the intricate molar regions, common in dental imaging, which we effectively addressed through intelligent data augmentation for enhanced training. By placing significant emphasis on both accuracy and speed, critical factors for real-time intraoral scanning, our proposed algorithm demonstrated exceptional performance, boasting an impressive accuracy rate of 0.91 and an unrivaled FPS of 92.4. Compared to existing algorithms, our solution exhibited superior outcomes when integrated into Company D's oral scanner. This algorithm is scheduled for deployment and commercialization within Company D's intraoral scanner.

Cellular myxoma is an uncommon type of myxoid benign tumor, predominantly occurring in adult female patients aged >40 years. This report aims to document a case of cellular myxoma that occurred in the buccal mucosa. Compared to intramuscular myxomas, cellular myxoma demonstrates hypercellularity and vascularity. Its manifestation in the soft tissue of the head and neck area is exceptionally rare. Generally, cellular myxoma manifests as a firm and immovable mass covered with normal oral mucosa, with no associated clinical symptoms. Homogenous low signal intensity on T1-weighted scans and high-signal intensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance scans reveal cellular myxoma, as most lesions show well-defined margins and heterogeneous contrast enhancement. The significant histologic features include a focal or diffuse increase in cellularity with fibroblast-like cells and vascularity with an abundant collagenous matrix. Our presented case reflects these facts examinations, based on which a final diagnosis of cellular myxoma was made. Immunohistochemistry revealed locally and diffusely positive SMA and CD34. The clinical tendency of cellular myxoma with hypercellularity may affect the production of myxoid and collagenous substrates, and if complete resection is not performed, the possibility of local recurrence in the primarily affected region remains. Hence, complete surgical excision was performed under general anesthesia, and follow-up until a year after treatment revealed no observed recurrence. To achieve precise diagnosis and complete treatment without local recurrence, several diagnostic examinations should be considered.

본 연구는 구강건강교육 경험에 대한 미국 일부 아동의 반응을 살펴보 고자 수행되었다. 이를 위하여 미국 캘리포니아주 S 지역의 J 공립초등 학교 방과 후 프로그램에서 구강건강교육을 받은 1-2학년 아동 중 10명 의 아동이 참여하였다. 이들 아동을 대상으로 심층 면담을 하였다. 면담 내용은 녹음되었고 수집자료는 범주화하여 질적분석을 하였다. 주요 결 과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 아동들은 구강건강교육에 대한 저항 반응을 보였다. 둘째, 아동들은 치약의 불소, 가글 액 성분의 위험성에 대한 불안감, 혼돈의 모습을 보였다. 셋째, 아동들은 구강건강교육 교육 자, 교육 방법에 대한 흥미, 구강건강과 건치에 대한 기대, 구강건강 관 리를 위한 결심을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 치약 및 구강용품 의 안전성, 지속적인 아동건강 교육, 부모를 대상으로 하는 구강건강교 육, 취약계층, 낙후 지역 아동을 위한 구강건강교육을 제안하였다.

SOCS3, a suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, is known as a negative regulator of various cytokines and a tumor suppressor gene in human tumors. This study aimed to investigate the role of SOCS3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its impact on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in OSCC cells. Although SOCS3 is recognized as a negative regulator of various cytokines and a tumor suppressor gene in human tumors, its specific effects on OSCC remain poorly understood. For the assessment of SOCS3 expression in OSCC, the UALCAN website and TCGA data were used to evaluate its expression in head and neck cancer. Additionally, immunohistochemical staining was conducted to determine the SOCS3 expression specifically in OSCC. The findings indicated a significant decrease in SOCS3 expression in tumor tissue compared to that in normal tissues. To investigate the enhancement of SOCS3 expression in OSCC cancer cell lines, IL6 treatment was administered to MC3 cells. However, no significant differences were observed in cell viability, wound healing assay, and invasion assay. Conversely, the transfection of SOCS3 siRNA into OSCC cells led to a notable increase in cell viability and statistically significant increases in wound healing and invasion assays. These results suggest that SOCS3 plays a crucial role in cell viability and EMT in OSCC, thereby contributing to oral carcinogenesis. Further research is necessary to elucidate the precise role of SOCS3 in OSCC.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck cancer and is associated with high recurrence, poor treatment, and low survival rates. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a transcription factor that regulates the response to hypoxia, a major factor in the tumor microenvironment that affects tumor development and progression in various cancer types. However, microRNA (miRNA) sequence analysis revealed that only a few miRNAs targeting HIF-1α had been discovered. In the present study, we investigated HIF-1α expression in OSCC and the effect of HIF-1α-targeting miRNAs on the progression and metastatic potential of OSCC. We analyzed public databases to explore which miRNAs target HIF-1α expression. In addition, the expression of proteins involved in the cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis in HSC-2 cells was analyzed after miRNA-126 mimic treatment. Furthermore, to investigate the effect of miRNA-126 on the proliferation and invasion ability of OSCC cells, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine and Transwell assays were performed. The activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were evaluated via gelatin zymography. Our results showed that miRNA-126, which targets HIF-1α, enhances OSCC cell proliferation by regulating the cell cycle and reinforces the cell mobility of OSCC via HIF-1α expression. These findings suggest that miRNA-126 may be a novel marker for OSCC treatment and the development of new tools for patients with OSCC.