Tscherskia triton is widely distributed in Northern China, Korea, and the adjacent areas of Russia. Except its distribution, reproduction, and growth development related to life history, reproductive cycle and reproductive organs of T. triton are rarely studied in Korea. The purpose of this study was characterized the estrous cycle of T. triton captured in Jeju Island in order to provide information to a better information of captive breeding of the species when longday (16L : 8D) and short-day (8L : 16D) photoperiod. Then, histological study of the ovaries and uterus with five females in each photoperiod was performed. The duration of the estrus cycle was 4~5 days and it showed regular cycle pattern. Results of the vaginal cytology examination showed four characteristic phase of the estrous cycle in long-day photoperiod (16L : 8D): proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus. However, in short-day photoperiod, the diestrus phage of the estrus cycle was maintained from the 6th to 12th day. In the long-day photoperiod, females had many Graafian follicles and corpus luteums in large ovaries, and developed uterine glands in the thick endometrium. But they had some primary, secondary and tertiary follicles, and undeveloped uterine glands in the thin endometrium during short-day photoperiod. These results were identified difference of the estrus cycle and histological characteristics of reproductive tracts according to the photoperiod. These results are very important clues to the reproductive biology of T. triton, and it will be widely used as date for maintaining biodiversity.

국내외 암말 발정주기 양상 분석에 대한 연구는 전무한 상태이며, 말 인공수정을 위한 호르몬 설정에 관한 연구도 전 세계적으로 미흡한 실정이다. 암말에서 발정 유기를 위한 PGF, progesterone 등 호르몬 투여 시 난포의 발달을 억제하지 못하고 호르몬 처리 동안 배란이 일어나 황체의 생성 으로 발정 유기에 실패할 수 있으므로, 양 등(2004b)은 초음파 진단을 통하여 난포 크기를 측정하 는 것이 매우 중요하다고 했다. 암말의 발정주기는 개체마다 큰 차이를 보이고 있으며, 아직까지 정확한 원인 분석은 이루어지지 않은 실정이다. Wespi 등(2014)에 의하면 계절 전환기에서 암말의 발정 발견율이 높으나, 배란이나 배란 간격에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 본 연 구는 국립축산과학원 난지축산연구소에서 사육하고 있는 제주산마 16두를 공시하였으며, 주 1회 초음파진단 및 주 2회 채혈 후 생화학 및 호르몬 분석을 실시하였다. 생화학 분석은 Glu, BUN, AST, Hemolysis 등 17개 항목을 분석하였다. 생화학 수준이 암말의 발정주기에 어떠한 영향을 미 치는지 분석하기 위하여 16두의 공시축 중 정상적인 발정주기를 보이는 개체와, 비정상적인 발정 주기를 보이는 개체에 대해 분석하였으며, 두 그룹 간 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다.

말은 봄과 여름에 번식하는 동물로 우리나라는 3월 초순부터 7월 초순까지 종부하며 종부시기에 수태를 하지 못한 암말의 경우 다음 해 종부를 기다려야 하기 때문에 농가의 손실을 가져오게 된다. 암말은 처해진 환경에 따라 발정주기 개시가 유연한 특성이 있으 며, 계절 전환기에서 성숙한 수말에게 노출되었을 때 발정 발견율이 높으나, 배란이나 배 란 간격에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 보고되고 있다(Wespi 등, 2014). 본 연구는 국립 축산과학원 난지축산연구소에서 사육하고 있는 제주산마 15두를 공시하였으며, 주 1회 초 음파진단 및 주 2회 채혈 후 호르몬 분석을 하였으며, 15두의 공시축 중 12주 이상 호르 몬 분석이 가능한 개체 8두에 대해서 발정주기를 분석하였다. 분석결과 정상적인 발정주 기를 갖는 개체가 50%였으며, 비정상적인 발정주기를 갖는 개체도 50%를 보였다. 비정상적인 발정주기를 보이는 개체 대부분에서 매주 좌, 우 번갈아가며 우세난포가 확 인되었다. 생화학 분석은 Glu, BUN, AST, Hemolysis 등 17개 항목을 분석하였으며, 정상적인 발정 주기를 보인개체 비정상적인 발정주기를 보인개체 모두에서 정상적인 수준을 보였으며, Hemolysis에서 양성 수치가 나온 것은 채혈 시 말의 보정과정에서 혈구의 손상이 있었던 것으로 판단됨.

The aim of this study was to compare the appearance rate of vaginal cytology during estrous cycle in small pet bitches. A characteristic features of vaginal cytology during the estrous cycle were the high proportion of superficial cell in proestrus, anuclear cell in estrus, small intermediate cell in diestrus, and small intermediate cell in anestrus, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences of appearance rate of vaginal cytology among small pet bitches in the each phase of estrous cycle. These results indicated that the vaginal cytology was useful method for estimating estrous cycle and optimal breeding time in small pet bitches.

This study was to investigate effect of progesterone (P4) on prostaglandin (PG) synthases and plasminogen activators (PAs) system in bovine endometrium during estrous cycle. Endometrium tissues were collected from bovine uterus on follicular and luteal phase and were incubated with culture medium containing 0 (Control), 0.2, 2, 20 and 200 ng/ml P4 for 24 h. The PGF2α synthase (PGFS), PGE2 synthase (PGES), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), urokinase PA (uPA), and PA inhibitors 1 (PAI-1) mRNA in bovine endometrium were analyzed using reverse transcription PCR and PA activity was measured using spectrophotometry. In results, COX-2 was higher at 2 ng/ml P4 group than control group in luteal phase (p<0.05), but, it did not change in follicular phase. Contrastively, PGES was significantly increased in 2 ng/ml P4 group compared to control group in follicular phase, but there were no significant differ among the treatments in luteal phase. uPA was no significant difference between P4 treatment groups and control group in both of different phase. PAI-1 was decreased in 20 ng/ml P4 group compared to control group in follicular phase (p<0.05). PA activity was decreased in 2 ng/ml P4 group compared to other groups in follicular and luteal phase (p<0.05). In conclusion, we suggest that P4 may influence to translation and post-translation process of PG production and PA activation in bovine endometrium.

An uterus is female reproductive tract organ that affected estrus cycle. During a various changes occur at uterus in estrus cycle, one of them is body fluids secretion be called uterine fluid. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the changes of protein patterns using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in uterus fluids during the follicular and luteal phases in estrus cycle of pigs. In changes of protein spots were confirmed during the follicular and luteal phases. The 136 spots were expressed in follicular phase, the 57 spots of them showed reproducibility. On the other hand, the 140 spots were expressed in luteal phase, the 73 spots of them showed reproducibility. Also, spots expressed in follicular phase were number 69 and 94 spots and spots expressed in luteal phase only were number 156, 157, 184～187, 190 and 191 spots. The spots which of higher expression levels in the luteal phase than in follicular phase were number 76 and 79 spots. In conclusion, the spots expressed in follicular and luteal phases were confirmed with difference levels and these differences are function of RNA resolving, protein synthesis and cytoskeletal architecture.

The present study was performed to identify the relationship between plasminogen activator (PA) and Heat Shock Protein-90 (HSP-90) in porcine uterus tissues during the estrous cycle. Porcine uterus tissues were obtained from preovulatory (Pre-Ov), post-ovulatory (Post-Ov) and early to mid-luteal (Early-mid L) stages. The protein was extracted from uterus tissue by using M-PER Mammalian Protein Extraction Reagent. Proteins were refined by RIPA Buffer and quantified by BCA methods. As results, t-PA expression was significantly (p<0.05) higher from pre-ovulatory(Epithelium tissue: 29,067 μg/μl, Myometrium tissue: 30,797 μg/μl) compared to the post-ovulatory stage(Epithelium tissue: 54,357 μg/μl, Myometrium tissue: 53,270 μg/μl) and early to mid-luteal stage(Epithelium tissue: 42,380 μg/μl, Myometrium tissue: 43,139 μg/μl). On the other hand, the uPA expression indicated higher from early to mid-luteal stage (Epithelium tissue: 0.02198 μg/μl, Myometrium tissue: 0.02412 μg/μl) than pre-ovulatory stage (Epithelium tissue: 0.01577 μg/μl, Myometrium tissue: 0.01531 μg/μl) and post-ovulatory stage(Epithelium tissue: 0.01414 μg/μl, Myometrium tissue: 0.01429 μg/μl). However, expression of u-PA did not differ from each estrous cycle in the epithelium tissue and myometrium tissue(p<0.05). Expression of HSP-90 was differ t-PA and u-PA from pre-ovulatory in Epithelium tissue(25,423 μg/μl) and early to mid-luteal stage in epithelium tissue(177,922 μg/μl) and myometrium tissue(26,664 μg/μl). These results suggest that HSP-90 and u-PA were related with change of uterus cycle according to the reformation of the tissues in porcine uterus.

Vaginal cytology with behavioral observation was performed in 34 estrous cycles in 16 Miniature Schnauzer dogs to evaluate the its usefulness. The mean duration of proestrus and estrus in Miniature Schnauzer based on behavioral observation and vaginal cytology was (Mean S.D., range: ) and days for proestrus, and and days for estrus, respectively. The duration of each phase of the estrous cycle was not significantly different based on between behavioral observation and vaginal cytology. The gestational length from the first day of male acceptance was days, days from the first male refusal, and days from the onset of cytologic diestrus, respectively. Vaginal cytology during the estrous cycle were significantly characteristic of large intermediate cells in proestrus, anuclear cells in estrus, small intermediate cells in diestrus, and parabasal cells and small intermediate cells in anestrus (p<0.001), respectively. Cornification index (CI) by vaginal cytology was higher in proestrus () and estrus (), then it was decreased in diestrus () and anestrus ().

Shit-tzu견에서 발정 주기, 교배 적기 및 배란 시기를 정확하게 추정하기 위한 질 세포 검사를 확립하기 위하여 Shih-tzu 견 12두를 대상으로 발정 주기동안 질 세포 검사 및 estradiol-와 progesterone 농도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 발정주기별 질 세포상의 특징적인 변화로서 발정 전기에는 무핵 세포와 적혈구, 발정기에는 표층 세포와 무핵 세포 및 적혈구가 주종을 이루는 세포였으며 발정 휴지기에는 소형 중간 세포와

비글개 6두에서 11회(임신견 7두, 비 임신견 4두)의 발정 주기 및 임신 기간 동안 질 상피 세포 검사 및 혈장 progesterone과 estradiol- 농도를 측정하여 질 상피 세포상과 번식 호르몬의 관계를 조사하고 배란 및 교배 적기 판정을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 본 실험을 실시하였다. 임신 예와 비 임신 예에 있어서 발정 전기, 발정기 및 발정 휴지기의 기간은 각각 및 그리고 및 일이었다. 임선 예에 비해 비 임신견의 발정 휴지기가 길

본 연구는 개 난자의 체외성숙율 높이기 위해 개의 발정주기가 체외성숙에 미치는영향과 체외성숙율의 효율적 향상을 위해 실험을 실시하였으며, 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. Anestrus, proestrus, estrus와 diestrus의 발정주기로 구분하여 MII로의 체외성숙율을 48시간과 72시간 배양후 관찰한 결과 각각 15.9%, 16.3%, 23.7%와 18.2%와 22.1%, 30.8%, 36.6%와 17.5%로 나타났다. 2. 각 발정주기별로