철근은 콘크리트와 결합하여 인장 능력을 보완하고 표면 피막으로 부식을 방지하지만, 탄산화 및 염화물 침투로 인해 부식이 발생하면 내력이 저하된다. 이를 해결하기 위해 내부식성이 뛰어난 GFRP(Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer) 보강근이 철근 대채제로 주 목받고 있다. 본 연구는 직경에 따른 GFRP 보강근의 부착특성을 철근과 실험적으로 비교 분석하였다. 콘크리트는 약 39MPa의 고강도 에 가까운 콘크리트를 사용하였으며, 보강근의 직경은 D10과 D13을 사용하였다. 실험 결과, GFRP 보강근의 평균 부착 응력은 17.21MPa로 철근의 18.14MPa와 유사하게 나타났다. GFRP 보강근의 슬립 양은 3.05mm로 철근의 1.53mm 보다 크게 나타났다. 또한 GFRP의 경우 인발 과정에서 표면에 국부손상이 발생하는 것을 확인하였다.

본 연구는 실내실험 및 수치해석을 적용하여 GFRP 보강근의 콘크리트 휨 및 인발 부착성능을 분석하였다. 부착길이 변화에 대하여 철근 또는 GFRP로 보강된 콘크리트 보의 하중-변위 곡선을 도출하였다. 또한, 두 타입의 근에 대하여 인발 실험 을 수행하였다. 다음으로 3차원 유한요소 해석을 통하여 실험 결과를 검증하였다. 본 연구로부터 도출은 결과는 GFRP 보강근이 철근을 대체하는 휨 및 인발 부착 성능을 보유하고 있음을 보여 준다.

본 연구에서는 80k Bulk carrier의 저항성능 향상을 목적으로 선미부에 1개의 핀을 부착해 선미 유동을 제어하였고, 저항성능 및 반류의 변화를 분석하였다. 부착된 핀은 직사각형 단면을 가지며, 길이와 폭, 두께는 고정된 채 길이 및 흘수 방향 부착 위치와 유선에 대 한 각도만 변화가 있었다. 나선 및 핀이 부착된 선체에 대한 모형 스케일에서의 CFD 해석이 수행되었고, 그 결과를 실선 확장 후 비교하 였다. 핀은 프로펠러로 유입되는 빌지 볼텍스의 경로를 선미 트랜섬 쪽으로 변화시켰고, 이는 프로펠러 상부와 선미부의 압력을 증가시켰 다. 이로 인해 선체의 압력저항 및 전 저항이 감소되었으며, 감소율은 핀의 부착 위치가 선미 및 선저와 가까울수록 높았다. 또한 핀은 공 칭반류를 감소시켰는데 핀의 각도가 커질수록 반류의 변화가 컸고, 전 저항 저감률은 최대가 되는 특정 각도까지만 비례하였다. 대상 선 박에 단일 핀을 부착했을 시의 최대 전 저항 저감률은 약 2.1 %였고, 선미로부터 수선간장의 12.5%, 선저로부터 흘수의 10 % 위치에 14 의 각도로 부착됐을 때이다.

PURPOSES : Given that large-scale repair works of expressway bridge pavements have high maintenance cost and long traffic blocking time, the thin overlay method that maintains the existing pavement is attracting attention. In this study, because the bridge thin overlay has not been introduced in Korea yet, the basic physical properties of the epoxy thin overlay, which is mainly used for the bridge thin overlay, were investigated, and the skid resistance and bond performance were analyzed. METHODS : Basic physical property tests were performed on each of the epoxy binders, aggregates, and mixtures used in epoxy thin overlay. They were also compared and reviewed against foreign standards. The epoxy binders were tested for viscosity, gel time, and thermal compatibility. The aggregates were tested in terms of water absorption, specific gravity, and gradation. The compressive and flexural strengths of the mixtures were investigated. The epoxy thin overlay has the possibility of detachment of aggregates, so the skid resistance was tested according to the paving phase. In addition, to investigate the bond performance, which is the most important performance of the epoxy thin overlay, the bond strength test was performed by varying the moisture condition and treatment condition of the existing layer surface. RESULTS : The basic physical properties of the materials used in the epoxy thin overlays satisfied foreign standards except for the gradation of aggregates. The skid resistance did not satisfy the standard when the epoxy was exposed, whereas the skid resistance did satisfy the standard when the aggregates were exposed, even after the abrasion test. The bond strength of the epoxy thin overlay satisfied the standard in all cases. The bond strength was the highest when the relative humidity of the existing layer surface was 60%. CONCLUSIONS : The materials of epoxy thin overlay that could be obtained in Korea satisfied the basic physical property standards except for aggregate gradation. Given that the aggregate gradation could be adjusted, it can be concluded that the epoxy thin overlay could be introduced in Korea. In addition, it was confirmed that the skid resistance and bond strength of the epoxy thin overlay were high enough to be used in general road conditions. It was determined that the existing layer surface should maintain an optimal relative humidity of approximately 60% because the moisture condition affects the bond strength.

In this study, the experiments and analyses were carried out in order to investigate the fracture characteristics on the adhesive at the specimen bonded with aluminum and aluminum-foam. The same conditions were given for the experiments and analyses. The results are investigated by the graph of reaction force according to displacement. It was found that the experimental and the analytical data were very similar to each other. On the basis of the data, the reliability of the analysis data could be confirmed. The notches were produced at the distances of 40, 110, 150, and 190 mm from the front of the test specimen, and the maximum reaction force was compared accordingly. It was found that the highest reaction force was generated at the front end of the adhesive and the lowest reaction force was found at the middle of the adhesive interface. Finally, when the equivalent stress in the test specimen was examined, it was found that the highest stress was obtained at the distance of 110 mm. It can be deduced. As the notch formation point are similar to the point when stress is dispersed as the adhesive is peeled off, it is possible to infer the high stress compared to other test specimens.

In this study, we investigated the properties of adhesive materials with different lightweight materials such as CFRP and Al-foam. The specimens were tested and analyzed using DCB (Double Cantilever Beam) specimens. In order to secure the reliability of the finite element method, the test and analysis were carried out, and the reliability of the finite element method was secured by using the graph of reaction force to displacement based on the experiment and analysis. The study on the adhesive failure characteristics according to the position of notch hole proceeded. Notch holes were generated at the locations of 40, 110, 150 and 190 mm from the beginning of the specimen near the bonding interface, and the analysis conditions used were the same as those used for securing reliability. The obtained study results are compared with reaction force and equivalent stress. In the case of reaction force, the overall tendency is similar but the difference in maximum reaction force is found. It was found that higher reaction forces appeared at the beginning than at the end of the bonding interface. When the equivalent stresses in the specimens were examined, the value of CFRP was seen to be 30 times higher as much as that of Al-foam.

경량콘크리트와 FRP 보강근을 사용하여 구조체를 만들기 위해서는 경량콘크리트와 FRP 보강근과 사이의 부착특성을 파악하는 것이 대단히 중요하다. 앞선 연구에서 보통콘크리트와 이형 GFRP 보강근 사이의 정규화된 부착강도는 전경량콘크리트와 이형 GFRP 보강근 사이의 정규화된 부착강도보다 크게 나타났으나, 보통콘크리트와 모래분사형 GFRP 보강근 사이의 정규화된 부착강도는 전경량콘크리트와 모래분사형 GFRP 보강근 사이의 정규화된 부착강도보다 작은 값으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 보통콘크리트의 부착강도가 전경량콘크리트의 부착강도보다 더 클 것이라는 ACI의 일반적인 예상에 반하는 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 전경량콘크리트가 아닌 모래경량콘크리트와 모래분사형 GFRP 보강근 사이의 부착특성을 실험을 통하여 분석하고 경량콘크리트와 모래분사형 GFRP 보강근 사이의 그 일반적인 경향을 조사하였다. 실험 결과, 모래경량콘크리트에 모래분사형 GFRP 보강근을 사용한 경우의 정규화된 부착강도 역시 보통콘크리트에 모래분사형 GFRP 보강근을 사용한 경우보다 크게 나왔으며, 추후 경량콘크리트와 모래분사형 GFRP 보강근 사이의 부착특성에 대하여 더 많은 조사가 필요하다고 판단된다.

This paper presents experimental results for evaluating bond strength of FRP Hybrid Bars(HYB). In order to confirm the bond strength of HYB, direct bond strength tests were performed on 20 specimens. 20 specimens made of deformed steel bars were also tested for relative comparison. HYB and deformed steel bars were embedded in a concrete block with a size of 200 mm and different attachment lengths were applied depending on the diameter of the reinforcing bars. During the test, load and relative displacement(slip) were measured and the load-displacement behaviors of all specimens were analyzed from the measured results. The maximum bond strength of deformed steel bars were higher than that of HYB regardless of its diameter. However, after the maximum load, the deformed steel bars were more dominant than the HYB in the sudden load reduction tendency.

PURPOSES : The main purpose of this study is suggest of field bond strength evaluation method for more objective evaluation method through Evaluation of Bond Strength Properties with changing aspect ratio and temperature. METHODS : The evaluation is laboratory bond strength test. Using the core machine, the pull-off test method ; the bond strength test of interface layer the universal testing machine. RESULTS: As a result of the laboratory bond strength evaluation, it was verified that the bond strength by aspect ratio decreases linearly with increasing aspect ratio and the bond strength properties by temperature change existed at high and low temperature condition relative to odinary temperature condition. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of laboratory bond strength evaluation, the field bond strength evaluation results suggest applying the proposed correction factor (0.8, 1.0, 1.4, 1.9) according to aspect ratio(0.5, 0.1, 1.5, 2.0), For more objective evaluation of the bond strength, it is analyzed that the evaluation value is within 6 ~ 32℃ and the result can be obtained within 5% of the coefficient of variation.

PURPOSES: A composite pavement utilizes both an asphalt surface and a concrete base. Typically, a concrete base layer provides structural capacity, while an asphalt surface layer provides smoothness and riding quality. This pavement type can be used in conjunction with rollercompacted concrete (RCC) pavement as a base layer due to its fast construction, economic efficiency, and structural performance. However, the service life and functionality of composite pavement may be reduced due to interfacial bond failure. Therefore, adequate interfacial bonding between the asphalt surface and the concrete base is essential to achieving monolithic behavior. The purpose of this study is to investigate the bond characteristics at the interface between asphalt (HMA; hot-mixed asphalt) and the RCC baseMETHODS: This study was performed to determine the optimal type and application rate of tack coat material for RCC-base composite pavement. In addition, the core size effect, temperature condition, and bonding failure shape were analyzed to investigate the bonding characteristics at the interface between the RCC base and HMA surface. To evaluate the bond strength, a pull-off test was performed using different diameters of specimens such as 50 mm and 100 mm. Tack coat materials such as RSC-4 and BD-Coat were applied in amounts of 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, and 1.1ℓ/m2 to determine the optimal application rate. In order to evaluate the bond strength characteristics with temperature changes, a pull-off test was carried out at -15, 0, 20, and 40 °C. In addition, the bond failure shapes were analyzed using an image analysis program after the pull-off tests were completed.RESULTS: The test results indicated that the optimal application rate of RSC-4 and BD-Coat were 0.8ℓ/m2, 0.9 ℓ/m2, respectively. The core size effect was determined to be negligible because the bond strengths were similar in specimens with diameters of 50 mm and 100 mm. The bond strengths of RSC-4 and BD-Coat were found to decrease significantly when the temperature increased. As a result of the bonding failure shape in low-temperature conditions such as -15, 0, and 20 °C, it was found that most of the debonding occurred at the interface between the tack coat and RCC surface. On the other hand, the interface between the HMA and tack coat was weaker than that between the tack coat and RCC at a high temperature of 40 °C.CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested an optimal application rate of tack coat materials to apply to RCC-base composite pavement. The bond strengths at high temperatures were significantly lower than the required bond (tensile) strength of 0.4 MPa. It was known that the temperature was a critical factor affecting the bond strength at the interface of the RCC-base composite pavement.

아스팔트 표층과 콘크리트 기층으로 구성된 복합포장은 강성기층의 높은 지지력과 아스팔트 표층의 소음저감, 평탄성, 미끄럼저항성 등을 확보할 수 있는 장점을 가진 포장이다. 롤러다짐콘크리트(RCC)는 빠른 시공속도와 경제성을 가져 복합포장의 기층으로 활용된다. 그러나 이러한 복합포장의 공용수명 및 성능은 포장 계면의 부착파괴로 인해 저하된다. 그러므로 아스팔트 표층과 콘크리트 기층사이의 적절한 부착은 복합포장의 단일거동(monolithic behavior)을 통한 포장성능 및 공용수명 확보를 위해 필수적이다. 복합포장에 적용되는 아스팔트와 택코트 재료는 역청혼합물을 포함하고 있는 재료로 시간-온도에 의존적인 점탄성 특성을 나타내며 콘크리트는 환경적 조건(온도 등)에 따라 컬링 및 수축·팽창 등이 발생하는 재료적 특성을 가진 재료이다. 복합포장의 역학적 거동은 이러한 각 재료 및 포장계면의 특성에 기반 한다. 그러므로 부착 성능을 평가함에 있어 국내의 계절별 기후에 따른 복합포장 내 온도특성을 반영하여 부착성능이 평가되어야 하며 겨울철 반복적 동결-융해가 발생하는 국내의 기후특성상 이를 고려한 부착내구성 평가 등이 수행되어야 한다. 그러나 국내의 경우 20 ℃의 표준온도만을 적용한 부착성능 평가를 통해 품질관리가 수행되고 있으며 이와 관련된 연구가 미흡한 실정이다. 또한, 복합포장의 경제적 강성기층으로 본 연구에 적용된 롤러다짐콘크리트(RCC)는 적은 단위수량 및 단위시멘트량을 사용하여 시멘트 페이트의 양이 일반콘크리트 포장에 비해 적으며 포설 후 롤러전압다짐이 적용되기 때문에 불규칙한 거친 표면을 형성한다. 그러므로 이러한 특성을 고려한 적정 택코트 재료 및 살포량 선정이 요구된다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 롤러다짐콘크리트-기층 복합포장에 대한 부착특성을 분석하고자 하였다. RSC-4와 BD-Coat 두 종류의 택코트 재료가 실험되었으며 각 재료의 최적살포량을 선정하고자 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.1 ℓ/m2의 살포량이 적용되었다. 추가적으로 100 mm, 50 mm에 대한 core size effect가 고려되었다. 온도 조건에 따른 인장부착특성은 -15, 0, 20 40 ℃의 각 온도 조건에서 실험되었으며 반복적 동결-융해가 발생하는 국내의 기후 특성을 고려하고자 0, 50, 100 Cycle에 대한 부착내구성 실험이 수행되었다. 실험의 각 부착파괴단면은 이미지분석프로그램을 통해 검토 되었으며 검토 내용을 바탕으로 부착특성과 부착파괴단면과의 상관관계가 분석되었다.

PURPOSES:The purpose of this paper is to evaluate interface performance while using various tack coat materials for asphalt overlay.METHODS:The evaluation was conducted with tracking test, permeability, and interface bond strength. Tracking test was conducted using an image processing technique, to investigate the susceptibility of the tack coat materials. BBS and pull-off test were conducted to evaluate bond strength. The permeability test was conducted to evaluate the effect of tack coat materials.RESULTS :Results reveal that the trackless tack coat material demonstrates less tracking compared to other materials. Moreover, both BBS and pull-off tests can effectively evaluate the bond strength at the interface. RSC-4 was measured less bond strength. Moreover, tack coat prevents water penetration through the surface and aids the extension of the surface life of asphalt pavement.CONCLUSIONS :Trackless tack coat demonstrated a high and consistent bond strength performance. The tack coat types demonstrate marginally different performance as function of curing times. Field applicability was tested based on visual observation. Therefore, these should be considered when trackless tack coat is slightly enhanced the pavement performance based on limited this study results. Finally, it is necessary to allow reasonable time for the tack coat to completely cure.