This study was conducted to examine the effects of Chinese perceptions of quality attributes on customer’s satisfaction, revisit intention and recommendation intention for coffee shops in Beijing, China. Subjects of this study included 200 customers who had visited a coffee shop at least once during the last year. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v23.0 and AMOS v21.0. In this study, the majority of customers visited a coffee shop once or twice a week with friends. Respondents preferred tall-sized warm coffee in the store. The coffee shop quality attributes of were derived from five exploratory factors identified upon analysis of 30 observational variables. It was important to maintain and strengthen the quality attributes of coffee shops in this area because IPA(Importance Performance Analysis) analysis showed that “Doing great, keep it well” part was a desirable area because it had high importance and performance. Finally, path analysis revealed that customer satisfaction was influenced by employee attitude and affected revisit intention and recommendation intention.

중국전통민가건축은 다양화의 특점이 있다. 중국은 국토가 광활하고 다양한 지리환경이 있으며 따라서 생산생활방법과 종교신앙은 직접적으로 부동한 민족과 지역의 주거문화를 이루었다. 이런 다양한 전통민가건축은 중요한 역사문화유산으로 매우 높은 기술과 예술가치를 가진다. 북경전통사합원은 길림조선족주민은 각기 화북지역과 동북지역의 대표적인 건축으로 이들은 제각기 다른 지역요소와 기후요소의 영향을 받았고 따라서 서로 다른 지역특점을 가지고 있다. 이외에 문화학습 전통재료 및 민간 기예 등 면에서도 차이를 보이고 있다. 따라서 이런 차이점은 서로 다른 주거문화의 특성을 보여준다.

쓰허위엔은 중국의 전통 안마당형 건축이다. 쓰허위엔의 역사는 매우 길고 역사적 그리고 문화적 관점에서 매우 중요하다. 이는 옛 북경의 민속문화와 역사를 품고 있다. 그럼으로 쓰허위엔의 문화적 느낌은 유지되어야 한다. 현재의 많은 고층건축과 건축공업화는 전통건축 법을 대처하고있다. 그래서 후통과 쓰허위엔는 이전의 화려함을 잃어가고, 대부분의 전통 쓰허위엔은 낙후되었고, 사회 메커니즘이었던 실내활력과 외부 형태는 썩어가고 있다. 쓰허위엔의 보호 및 수리 만으로는 건강한 유지를 할수없다. 활력적인 쓰허위엔의 지속적은 보존을 위해서는 발전과 혁신이 필요하다. 쓰허위엔을 더욱더 편하고, 활력적이고, 지속적인 발전을 위해서는 현대자제와 건축기법과 병합되어야 한다.

The content of the paper can be summarized as follows: (1) The typical structure of nominal expressions in Mandarin Chinese is analyzed as [DP [NumP [ClP [NP ]]]]. (2) NP is a lexical category which describes the contents of entities or notions. (3) NumP is a functional category which denotes the number of entities described by a noun, and ClP, too, a functional category which makes nouns of Mandarin Chinese countable. (4) DP has the function of mediating between the description provided by NP and entities in the real world the description is applied to. It gives referential meanings such as “Definite”, “Indefinite”, and so on. (5) When D is lexically filled, DP has a definite referential meaning. A null determiner functions as an existential operator to produce an indefinite meaning. (6) A DP with a null determiner can appear only in the lexically governed position due to Empty Category Principle. (7) A sequence [Num+Cl+N] can be interpreted as having two structures, a DP with a null determiner and a NumP. (8) Bare nouns can be interpreted as “indefinite”, “definite”. An indefinite bare noun has the structure of [DP e [NP N ]] and a definite bare noun, [DP Ni [NP ti ]]. (9) In general, pronouns and proper nouns always carry a definite referential meaning and so can appear in D. (10) The pronouns and the proper nouns appearing in N do not denote a specific entity. Their meanings are similar to common nouns which denote types or kinds of entities. (11) NP"s can not be used as an argument but as a predicate.

This paper is focused on Damheonseo(湛軒書), an anthology written by Hong Daeyong, and I deal with Chinese Architectural views which he had experienced in his itinerary to Beijing, and the vivid pictures of Joseonkwan (called the Koryo or Joseon Embassy) located in Beijing at that time. He was a scholar of great erudition over astronomy, mathematics, military science, politics, and so on. He was interested in practical sciences at early time, and criticized secular scholars full of vanity who had presented purposeless articles. In his age of 35, Qianlong(乾隆) 30 (1764, Youngjo 41), he, a military escort, accompanied by Hong Uk, Joseon envoy and his uncle. Before his itinerary, he self-studied Chinese. Also, during a long journey he got new experiences and information around each area, deviating his group whenever he had some times. He could get more variant experiences than others because of his character full of curiosity, and his observations from the vivid lives of the time helped us get various views between Chinese and Korean architecture. Likewise, although he denounced Qing(淸) scathingly as a barbarian, he mentioned several points about the characteristics of Chinese architecture at that time. First of all, totally Chinese architecture had strong rational and practical points. Secondly, based on bountiful products, buildings along streets shown in Chinese city had sophisticated compositions, and luxurious and magnificent appearances. Thirdly, using the brick from walls to houses was so universal. Fourthly, the layouts of building with three- or four-closed courtyard had very orderly shapes, and the structure of street was also so arranged. Finally, because of stand-up lives, the scales and appearances of interior space were even more extended, and storages were less developed than those of Joseon. As another points, I found that Joseonkwan was moved next to Shushangguan(庶常館)from Huidongnanguan(會同南館) around Hanlimyuan(翰林院), and had been remodeled into a house with Korean custom in using the inner spaces, although it was followed by a closed courtyard style. Likewise, I recognized that Ondols were sure to be established in all temporary houses during the journey to Qing, and felt their strong traditional residential custom in such mentions. Now that the past pictures have disappeared and ways of life and our values have been largely changed, this study has very important meaning in comparing the ancient Chinese and Korean architecture.

The purpose of this study was to investigate Chinese university students' in Beijing perception for Korean Kimchi. The results were as follows: A questionnaire was examined on male 145 (45.7%) and female 172 (54.3%) college students of residing in Beijing. Nationality of Kimchi answered Korea 83.3% of all the participants, and have eaten Kimchi was 59.0%. Male purchased commercial Kimchi 39.7%, and female restaurant 44.9% (p< .05). The first answered 'it was taste' 52.1% when commercial Kimchi purchased, and packing size of commercial Kimchi was 50g 50.0%. Among the intake experience have eaten Kimchi was the highest Baechu Kimchi 79.1%, Mu Kimchi 68.4% and Oi Kimchi 63.6%, also preference of Kimchi was Baechu Kimchi 44.3%, Mu Kimchi 29.3% and Oi Kimchi 19.2% in order. After have eaten Kimchi answered good 64.6% (p< .05), Kimchi liked reason were the highest 'refreshing taste' 42.4%, unliked were 'oder (of garlic, ginger and anchovy juice, etc)' and 'too spicy' 33.3%, respectively. Improvement on consumption extention of Kimchi answered 'not too salty' 30.2%, 'not too hot' 28.5% and 'not too strong seasoning' 22.7%. Perception for Kimchi answered the highest mean (3.95) 'Kimchi is a good side dish with cooked rice'.

This study was carried out to investigate Chinese in Beijing and Shanghai perception and preference for Korean Kimchi. The results were as follows: A questionnaire was examined on male 145(45.7%) and female 172(54.3%) of residing in Beijing, and on male 139(49.5%) and female 142(50.5%) of residing in Shanghai. In foods of eating with Kimchi resulted the highest Chinese foods 40.3% on male, and Korean. Chinese foods 25.3% on female in Beijing(p< .05), Korean, Chinese foods 26.7% and 25.3% on male respectively, and Korean foods 50.7% on female in Shanghai. In Kimchi used dishes Beijing resulted high Kimchi Ramyon 61.5%, Kimchi Kuk 51.3%, and Kimchi Chigae 44.9%, and Shanghai were Kimchi Ramyon 51.2%, Kimchi Kuk 41.3%, and Kimchi Fried Rice 22.4% in order. In evaluation by kinds of Kimchi, the taste resulted high onion juice Kimchi(M=6.55) of the third days, and overall acceptability resulted high onion juice Kimchi(M=6.18) of the third days, similary in Beijing, and Kimchi added in shrimp(M=5.70) of two days, and overall acceptability resulted high Kimchi added in shrimp(M=5.70) of the third days, similary in Shanghai. In Sensory evaluation by used Kimchi, the taste resulted high in the order of Kimchi Fried Rice and Chinese style Kimchi Fried Pork(M=6.27), and overall acceptability resulted Kimchi Fried Udong(M=6.40), Chinese style Kimchi Fried Pork(M=6.27), Kimchi Dumpling(M=6.20) in Beijing, and Kimchi Chige(M=6.70), Kimchi Fried Rice(M=6.67) and Kimchi Pancake(M=6.44), and overall acceptability resulted Kimchi Fried Udong, Kimchi Chige(M=6.50), Kimchi Fried Rice and Kimchi Pancake(M=6.44) in Shanghai.

From the early 1980's, when Chinese government decided to take an Open-Policy. Chinese society faced a new turning point to be changed from traditional-society to modern-society. As a result her outstanding phenomena of civilization is to be seen in many points, like the oid styled traditional street is rapidly replaced by the modernized high-rise buildings. Like the other cities in China, Beijing(北京) also is on the step of modernization, and it's changing speed is faster time by time. In this paper, I'll discuss about Beijing's policy of reservation of Old castles(古城), some problems what they have though the procedure of China's Movement of Old Castle Reservation(古城保護運動). And through this case study, I'd like to focus on the way how we solve some problems what we have now concerning to the reservation and development of traditional cities.

The objective of this study is to analyze factors affecting purchase intention and conduct price sensitivity analysis of Korean Shine-muscat for Chinese consumers. Logit model has been set up to find purchase intention with survey data which was conducted in Beijing China. The results show that the high-income, unmarried consumers are more sensitive to the price of Korean Shine-muscat than low-income, married consumers, but have higher purchase intention. Also, consumers who perceive Korea positively and those who prefer Korean dramas are more sensitive to the price but have higher purchase intention. Consumers with a high monthly purchase frequency of Shine-muscat have higher purchase intention of Korean Shinemuscat, but are more sensitive to the price. The results of this study can be utilized as basic information for promoting the export of Korean Shine- muscat to China.

This study aims to identify the impacts of air quality in the Korean Peninsula according to the China's environmental policies in preparation of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. The measurement of emission variations in China, aircraft measurement, and modelling were carried out. The reduction measures in Beijing, China and its emission changes resulted in 30~65% in decrease out of the total emissions within the Beijing region, whereas when it comes to the whole nation of China, the reduction rate was about 4~9%. Comparing the concentration of the air pollutants in Seoul and Ganghwa in August 2008 during around the period of Beijing Olympic Games with one in 2004~2007 showed that the SO2 concentrations in the past was above 5ppb, while the concentration in the 2008 olympic period was 4ppb and below. The NOx at the Seokmori site in Ganghwa tended to be lower in concentration in 2008 than in between 2004~2007. As for O3 and PM2.5, the concentration tended to be rather low since August 11. The air current track that showed during the period of aircraft measurement presented to be flowed into Korea through the Northeast part of China and the coast of Bohai Bay, while the concentrations of SO2, NOx, and O3 over the west sea on August 20 and 24 were 0.54 (0.28ppb), 0.86 (1.84ppb), and 54.0 (41.5ppb) respectively, similar or lower than the ones measured in the past in the similar current patterns. The modelling result showed similar patterns to the data of aircraft measurement, in particular in SO2. Overall, the reduction measures in Beijing, China affected directly and indirectly the air quality in the Korean peninsular, but the impact was not significant as it was momentary and limited to the intended area.