자연환경은 인간의 삶과 밀접하게 연결되어 있으며, 다양한 형태로 혜택을 제공한다. 인간은 생태계로부터 직·간접적 인 혜택을 받는데, 이를 정량적으로 평가한 개념을 생태계서비스라고 한다. 본 연구는 산림유전자원보호구역, 습지보호 지역과 독특한 미기후현상으로 인해 북방계 및 고산식물이 잔존하여 보호 가치가 높은 풍혈지까지 3가지 유형을 대상으 로 생태계서비스를 평가하였다. 서식지질(Habitat Quality) 및 탄소저장량(Carbon)을 InVEST 모델을 활용하여 정량적 으로 분석하였으며, 연구 대상지는 산림유전자원보호구역(가지산, 불모산, 가덕도), 습지보호지역(사자평, 신불산, 화엄 늪), 풍혈지(밀양 얼음골, 의성 빙계계곡, 함화산) 총 9개 지역으로 선정하였다. 서식지질 분석 결과, 전체 평균은 0.83으로 나타났으며, 보호지역 내부의 서식지질이 외부보다 전반적으로 높았지만, 사자평 고산습지의 경우 억새군락지 로 인해 인공초지가 포함되어 내부가 서식지질이 더 낮게 나타났다. 또한, 서식지질이 높을수록 대상지 면적이 증가하 며, 위협 수준이 감소하는 경향이 나타났다. 이는 인위적 간섭과 개발이 위협요인과 직결되며, 서식지질 저하와 대상지 의 면적이 밀접한 연관이 있음을 확인하였다. 탄소저장량 분석에서는 김해 불모산이 가장 높은 값을 보였으며, 의성 빙계계곡이 가장 낮은 값을 기록하였다. 대상지 면적이 클수록 탄소저장량이 높은 경향을 보였으며, 탄소저장량 구성 비율에서는 지상부 바이오매스가 가장 큰 비중을 차지하였다. 탄소저장량 변화를 살펴보았을 때, 사자평 고산습지가 가장 크게 감소하였는데, 인간의 간섭과 개발이 토지유형 변화에 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구는 산림생물다양 성 특정지역의 중요성을 정량적으로 평가함으로써 보호전략 수립에 필요한 과학적 근거를 제공하는 데 기여할 수 있다. 특히, 보호지역 후보지인 풍혈지에 대해 생태계서비스를 평가하여 향후 OECM 지정 가능성을 검토하는 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있으며, 보호지역의 다양성과 특수성을 고려한 맞춤형 보전 정책 수립에도 유용한 정보를 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

본 연구는 솎아베기 후 3년이 경과한 동일 연령(27년생)의 서로 인접한 지역에 식재된 삼나무와 편백 조림지를 대상으로 임상과 광물질 토양층의 양분 농도 및 저장량 변화를 조사하였다. 솎아베기 실시에 따라 삼나무 조림지의 임상은 인의 양분 농도와 저장량이 대조구에 비해 높았으나, 편백 조림지는 칼륨과 마그네슘 농도와 저장량이 대조구에 비해 낮게 나타났다. 삼나무 조림지의 토양 0∼10cm 깊이에 질소와 칼륨 농도, 편백 조림지의 10∼20cm 깊이의 인 농도는 대조구에 비해 낮아 솎아베기에 따른 양분 반응이 수종과 깊이에 따라 차이가 있었다. 솎아베기구의 양분 저장량은 삼나무 조림지가 0∼10cm 깊이에서 칼륨 저장량, 편백 조림지는 10∼20cm 깊이에서 인 저장량이 대조구에 비해 낮은 값을 보였다. 본 연구 결과에 따르면 삼나무와 편백 조림지는 솎아베기 후 질소, 인, 칼륨의 농도나 저장량이 대조구에 비해 낮게 나타나 잔존 임목들의 생육 촉진을 위해서는 이들 양분에 대한 시비와 같은 토양 양분관리를 고려해야 하는 것으로 나타났다.

This study analyzed the changes in sodium content across different types of kimchi over various storage periods, distinguishing between solids and seasoning (liquid), to better estimate actual sodium intake and improve the food composition databases. Six types (baechu-kimchi, oi-sobagi, buchu-kimchi, baek-kimchi, dongchimi, and nabak-kimchi) were analyzed using ICP-AES. The results were compared with salinometer readings, food composition databases, and nutrition labels from commercial products. Statistical analyses included the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test (=0.05). The findings showed that the seasoning had significantly higher sodium content than the solids and, except for baechu-kimchi and nabak-kimchi, accounted for more than 50% of the total sodium content. Sodium content varied across kimchi types and changed over storage time. Additionally, sodium content measured by ICP-AES significantly differed from those in the food composition databases and commercial nutrition labels, which often over or under-estimated values. Moreover, sodium content in commercial kimchi products exhibited up to a 581-fold difference between the minimum and maximum values. These results suggest that current databases and labeling systems, which do not distinguish between solids and seasoning, may misrepresent the actual sodium intake. Further research and regulatory measures are needed to improve sodium estimation and consumer guidance.

Carbon neutrality by 2050 was declared and are focusing on developing innovative energy technologies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Active investment and research are underway in the full-cycle development of hydrogen energy technologies, including hydrogen production, storage, transportation, and utilization, which is gaining attention as a promising future eco-friendly energy source. The storage density of liquid hydrogen is 70.79kg/m3, which is higher than the 41kg/m3 of compressed hydrogen at 700bar, making it more suitable for large-scale storage. To store hydrogen at 20K, insulation technologies such as vacuum insulation, powder insulation, or multi-layer insulation (MLI) are typically required. Consequently, there is active research being conducted on the design of insulation systems and materials. However, research on the design for improving the structural integrity of the supports between the inner and outer tanks remains insufficient. n this study, topology optimization was performed for the support design of a liquid hydrogen storage tank using commercial finite element analysis (FEA) software. The structural safety was validated through structural analysis of a simplified self-designed model.

Globally, there is a concentrated effort to lead in alternative energy technologies. Among various eco-friendly energy sources and carbon-free fuels, hydrogen energy is gaining attention as a clean energy solution for future industries, as its only byproduct is water. There are two primary storage methods: compressing hydrogen gas at high pressure and storing it as a liquid. Research on insulation, including the structural design of multi-layer Insulation (MLI) and vapor-cooled shield (VCS), as well as the materials used for insulation, has been actively conducted. However, studies focused on improving the structural safety of the supports that sustain the structure between the inner and outer tanks have been limited. In this study, a thermal-structural coupled analysis technique for liquid hydrogen storage tanks was developed using commercial finite element analysis software for the design of support structures for liquid hydrogen storage tanks. Six analytical models were created based on varying the number and diameter of the supports with the constant total volume of the supports and a structurally safe support configuration was proposed.

To understand effects of the compositions of marine macrobenthic communities on carbon storage in subtidal rocky habitat, a diving survey was conducted at Aewol and Biyangdo stations in the northwestern regions of Jeju Island in the summer of 2023. Cluster analysis revealed no significant differences in community composition between the two stations. The mean biomass of the dominant species was Cnidaria (2,047.4 gwwt m-2) of macroinvertebrate, followed by Rhodophyta (745.4 gwwt m-2) of seaweed in studied areas. According to similarity percentage analysis, Alveopora japonica and Ecklonia cava were major contributors to the communities in Aewol, whereas diverse marine organisms, including these two species, contributed to the community in Biyangdo. The estimated mean carbon storage by benthic communities derived from their carbon contents in surveyed areas was 202.7 gC m-2, with variations reflecting differences in community compositions. The biomass of Cnidaria, dominated by A. japonica, showed a positive correlation with carbon storage, whereas the biomass of Rhodophyta, primarily composed of coralline algae, showed a negative correlation. These variations in carbon storage among marine communities may result from species-specific carbon assimilation patterns, survival strategies, marine carbon cycling, and intra-community interactions such as competition and feeding.

Cold-pressed rapeseed oil (CPRO) is a rich source of bioactive components, but it is more susceptible to deterioration due to absence of chemical refining. Proper storage conditions are essential to maintain oil quality. This study evaluated the quality properties of seed-stored oil (SSO) and oil-stored oil (OSO) under various storage conditions. Both the seeds and the CPRO obtained from the ‘Jungmo7001’ and ‘Yuryeo’ varieties were stored for 24 months at 4℃, 25℃, and ambient temperature (AT). After 24 months, the acid value (AV) at 4℃ was lower than at 25℃ and AT. Additionally, the AV increased by 3.0-fold in SSO and 1.9-fold in OSO at AT compared to initial storage levels. OSO was found to be relatively more stable against oxidation than SSO. The canolol content in SSO increased with both storage temperature and period, but this was not observed in OSO. However, no changes in fatty acid composition or tocopherol content were noted based on the storage conditions, indicating that these properties remained relatively stable during storage. These results provide foundational data for the stable distribution of CPRO.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the carbon storage capacity of broad-leaf forests in Republic of Korea through the analysis of studies related to carbon storage and carbon uptake, and to analyse the relationship between climatic factors affecting carbon storage capacity. We analysed the results of each previous study by summarising the research results of 55 previous studies collected through search, and organised the study area information and climate factors (elevation, average annual temperature, annual precipitation, etc.). And the carbon storage and net primary production of the above and below-ground and the whole plant were evaluated and the correlation with the climatic factors was statistically analysed. The analysis showed that the carbon storage of broad-leaved forests was positively correlated with altitude and negatively correlated with precipitation. These results mean that carbon accumulation in plants is more effective at higher altitudes with lower temperatures, and that broad-leaf forests are able to adapt and perform carbon storage functions in areas with low precipitation. Carbon uptake was negatively correlated with altitude and positively correlated with temperature. This means that the carbon absorption capacity of broad-leaved forests is greatly affected by temperature, and that the carbon absorption potential is greater in lowlands. Therefore, policies should be actively established to increase and preserve the carbon storage capacity of forests by considering the characteristics of the ecosystem functions of broadleaf forests and climate factors. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the understanding of the carbon cycle of broad-leaved forests and to the development of management measures, and to provide scientific data for carbon neutrality.

This study evaluated the feasibility of integrating the carbon storage of grasslands in Gangwon province into the InVEST carbon storage and sequestration model using large-scale digital land cover maps. Land cover maps from 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010, obtained from the Environmental Geographic Information Service, were analyzed, with 28 maps examined for each year. Grassland carbon storage in Gangwon province was estimated through the InVEST software. The findings indicated that the grassland area showed an increase in 1990, followed by a declining trend, contrasting with the continuous reduction observed in actual managed grassland areas. Discrepancies between mapped and managed grassland areas were attributed to the classification criteria of the land cover maps, which included non-forage land uses such as golf courses, ski resorts, and green spaces, resulting in overestimations of grassland areas. To enhance accuracy, the adoption of land cover maps with refined grassland classification criteria is necessary. Accurate representation of grassland areas in land cover maps is critical for reliable estimation of grassland carbon storage using the InVEST software.

This study evaluated the quality characteristics of Flammulina velutipesduring storage using modified atmosphere films of different thicknesses (20, 40, and 60 μm). The films included high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). F. velutipeswere stored at 1°C for six weeks, and quality was assessed based on weight loss, respiration rate, firmness, color parameters, β-glucan content, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activities (2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] radical scavenging activities). All HDPE and LDPE films were more effective than the conventional film (polypropylene) at maintaining mushroom quality, particularly in the later stages of storage. In particular, LDPE films with thicknesses of 20 and 40 μm showed superior performance at reducing respiration rates and weight loss, while mushrooms packaged with these films retained higher TPC and antioxidant activities. The β-glucan content also remained more stable in mushrooms stored using HDPE and LDPE films. Although we did not evaluate changes in sensory properties or nutritional components, such as vitamins, our results suggest that the type and thickness of packaging films significantly influence the preservation of the quality of F. velutipesduring storage. Additionally, LDPE films with thicknesses of 20 and 40 μm were found to be the most suitable packaging materials for the distribution and storage of F. velutipes. Furthermore, these findings are expected to provide valuable insights into the selection of optimal packaging materials to extend the shelf life and maintain freshness during the postharvest handlingof F. velutipes.

Flammulina velutipesis highly valued and widely consumed because of its nutritional and functional benefits, and its global demand is steadily increasing. However, rapid quality deterioration and short shelf life create an urgent need for effective preservation and advanced quality assessment of Flammulina velutipes. The aim of this review was to identify methods that reduce postharvest quality loss, extend shelf life, and optimize storage and distribution practices for Flammulina velutipes. Chemical treatments (including antioxidants, 1-methylcyclopropene, and edible coatings), low-temperature plasma, and innovative nanocomposite-based packaging have been effective in maintaining Flammulina velutipesquality after harvest. Nevertheless, further discussions on the economic feasibility, safety, and sustainability of these technologies are essential for their practical and industrial applications in Flammulina velutipespreservation.

이 연구는 상변화 물질(PCM)을 함침시킨 경량 골재(LWA)를 활용한 고강도 콘크리트의 개발에 중점을 두고 있다. 상변화 온도가 5.5°C인 Tetradecane을 PCM으로 사용하였으며, LWA(Expended shale, ES)가 PCM 운반체 역할을 수행하였다. ES의 공극 은 진공 함침 기법을 통해 PCM으로 충전하였고, PCM-ES 복합체의 누출을 방지하기 위해 이중 코팅 처리가 추가로 이루어졌다. PCM-ES에 대한 시차주사열량계 시험 결과, 발열 및 흡열 엔탈피가 각각 96 J/g와 97 J/g로 나타났다. 콘크리트 혼합물은 밀도 최적 화를 위해 마이크로 실리카(MS), 실리카 분말(S), 실리카 모래를 사용하여 설계되었으며, PCM-ES는 실리카 모래의 25% 및 50%를 체 적 기준으로 대체하였다. 기계적 강도 테스트 결과, PCM-ES 콘크리트는 25% 및 50% 대체 시 각각 56.39 MPa와 45.94 MPa의 압 축 강도를 기록하였다. 열 성능 테스트는 다양한 주변 온도 조건에서 PCM-ES 콘크리트의 거동을 확인하기 위해 수행되었다. PCM-ES 콘크리트는 15°C에서 −5°C까지의 세 가지 열 사이클 시험을 진행하였으며, 이 과정에서 내부 온도가 지속적으로 모니터링 되었다. 결과적으로 주변 온도가 −5°C로 떨어지더라도 콘크리트 내부 온도는 0°C 이상을 유지하는 것으로 나타났다.

The recent surge in energy consumption has sharply increased the use of fossil fuels, leading to a steep rise in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Interest in hydrogen is growing to mitigate the issue of global warming. Currently, hydrogen energy is transported in the form of high-pressure gaseous hydrogen, which has the disadvantages of low safety and energy efficiency. To develop commercial hydrogen vehicles, liquid hydrogen should be utilized. Liquid hydrogen storage tanks have supports between the inner and outer cylinders to bear the weight of the cylinders and the liquid hydrogen. However, research on the design to improve the structural safety of these supports is still insufficient. In this study, through a thermal-structural coupled analysis of liquid hydrogen storage tanks, the model with three supports, which had the lowest maximum effective stress in the outer tank, inner tank, and supports as proposed in the author's previous research, was used to create analysis models based on the diameter of the supports. A structurally safe design for the supports was proposed.

In this paper, we developed a thermoelectric storage container that maintains whole blood temperature and studied its characteristics. Using a temperature sensor, we compared the internal temperature with the set temperature in real time and maintained the temperature between 1 and 6°C. In addition, we installed insulation inside the container and used a lithium-ion battery to power the system to ensure a stable whole blood temperature even during long-distance transportation. Instead of a blood pack, a 350-g water bottle was used and the experiment was conducted at an ambient temperature of 25°C. After cooling for 10 minutes, the internal temperature of the container reached 6°C and the battery operated for 60 minutes. In the future, if we improve the thickness and thermal conductivity of the insulation installed in the thermoelectric storage container and utilize phase change materials as a supplement, we will be able to transport more diverse blood products and special reagents stably.

탄소흡수원으로서 천연활엽수림의 역할이 강조되고 있으나, 다양한 수종과 다양한 입지 환경으로 인하여 정확한 탄소저장량을 추정하는 것은 어려운 과제 중 하나로 인식되고 있다. 본 연구는 강원도 평창군 가리왕산의 천연활엽수림의 주요 수종인 신갈나무(Quercus mongolica), 고로쇠나무 (Acer pictum subsp. mono), 물푸레나무(Fraxinus rhynchophylla)를 대상으로 임목 바이오매스, 낙엽 탄소저장량, 토양 탄소저장량을 비교하고, 임분의 다양한 특성과 탄소저장량과의 관계를 파악하기 위하여 수행되었다. 총 43개 조사구를 구획하였으며, 임목 바이오매스, 낙엽 탄소저장량, 토양 탄소저장량을 측정하였다. 임목 바이오매스의 탄소저장량은 신갈나무 우점 임분에서 172.64tC/ha로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 고로쇠나무 임분 (170.98tC/ha), 물푸레나무 임분(170.49tC/ha)순으로 나타났다. 토양 탄소저장량은 신갈나무 우점 임분에서 78.07tC/ha으로 다른 임분에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며, 낙엽의 탄소저장량은 임분 간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 총 탄소저장량은 신갈나무 임분에서 258.79tC/ha으로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 고로쇠나무 임분(257.65tC/ha), 물푸레나무 임분(241.65tC/ha) 순으로 나타났다. 총 탄소저장량은 임목 바이오매스의 탄소저 장량(r = 0.88**)과 토양 탄소저장량(r = 0.79**)의 영향을 모두 받는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 천연활엽수림의 최적의 탄소 관리를 위해서는 임령, 임목 생장, 토양 특성 등에 대한 이해와 장기적 모니터링이 매우 중요함을 시사한다.

To analyse the relationship between above-ground carbon stocks, species diversity and broadleaved forests structural diversity of South Korean forests, we collected vegetation inventories from environmental impact assessment projects over the past 10 years. The available data were selected and organised including tree species, DBH and area each projects. The data was classified by forest type, aboveground carbon stocks were calculated and compared, and the correlation between aboveground carbon stocks and biodiversity and structural diversity was analysed. The results showed that above-ground carbon stocks were higher in mixed forests and broadleaved forests and lower in needleleaved forests, similar to previous studies. However aboveground carbon stocks of mixed forests were higher in natural forests than in plantations. Aboveground carbon stocks in broadleaved forests were higher in plantations than natural forests, and there was no statistical different of between natural and plantations in needleleaved forest. This could be the result of a variety influences including biological and environmental factors in the study area, and further research is needed to analyse the effects on carbon sequestration. Correlation analysis showed no correlation between biodiversity and above-ground carbon stocks, but a positive correlation between structural diversity and above-ground carbon stocks. This indicates that above-ground carbon stocks in forests are associated with unevenness diameters and the proportion and evenness of tree species by diameter. In addition, it has been analysed that the high succession stages in forest have higher species diversity and structural diversity, and greater efficiency in the utilization of resources required for plant growth, leading to increased plant productivity and storage. Considering that the study sites were young forests with an average DBH of 14.8~23.7 cm, it is expected that carbon stocks will increase as biodiversity and structural diversity increase. Further research is needed to develop techniques to quantitatively assess the relationship of diversity to carbon stocks for policy use in assessing and increasing carbon stocks in forests.