Purpose: This study aims to examine the effect of 'debate education using generative artificial intelligence (AI)' on 'debate efficacy' targeting elementary school students in the 5th and 6th grades. Through this, we aim to provide valuable information on debate classes using generative AI to field teachers and researchers in debate-related studies. This study aimed to provide students with a positive communication experience by allowing them to articulate their arguments, engage with peers, and persuade others. Additionally, it sought to serve as a foundation for fostering students' collaborative communication skills and digital language literacy. Furthermore, in alignment with the introduction of the “Media” domain in the 2022 Revised Korean Language Education Curriculum, this study aimed to offer pedagogical implications for teachers regarding debate education using generative AI. Lastly, it sought to expand the scope of Korean language education by preparing students to actively adapt to the rapidly evolving communication environment of the future society. Methods: To achieve this, a triangulation study combining quantitative and qualitative research methods was conducted. The quantitative research compared and analyzed the pre-post debate self-efficacy of the participants, while the qualitative research explored the effects of debate classes using generative AI by analyzing portfolios generated by the participants. Descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to analyze quantitative data. As some of the response data from the participants did not satisfy the assumption of normality, the pre-and post-test changes in debate efficacy among the participants were analyzed using a nonparametric Wilcoxon signed- rank test (p<.05). The reliability of this study was verified through Cronbach’s ⍺ value. Portfolio analysis was employed for the qualitative data analysis. Results: The “Debate Self-Efficacy” of the participants was measured pre- and post-intervention using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. The results showed a significant improvement in all subcomponents of debate self-efficacy, including Emotional Self-Efficacy, Cognitive Self-Efficacy, and Social Self-Efficacy. In particular, significant improvements were observed in the components of Emotional Self-Efficacy, namely ‘expectation,’ ‘persistence,’ and ‘emotion regulation.’ Furthermore, the analysis of portfolios composed of activity sheets developed for this study revealed that engaging in debate activities using Generative AI positively enhanced the debate self-efficacy of the participants. Conclusion: This study demonstrates through action research and empirical analysis that Korean language debate classes utilizing generative AI are effective in enhancing students' debate efficacy. This study hopes to serve as a stepping stone for fostering Inclusivity and enhancing Communication Competence among learners, thereby contributing to the strengthening of their Debate Self-Efficacy. Furthermore, it is expected that this research will contribute to the activation of Debate Education Using Generative AI in school.

이 연구는 민선8기 지방선거에서 충청북도 도시자 후보자 토론 의제 선정 과정을 중심으로 하여 지방선거의 정책의제를 분석한다. 이를 위해 지방선거 과정에서 광역단체장인 충북 도시자 후보자 토론의제 선정 과 정 속에서 전문가 집단을 대상으로 하는 쟁점 정책의제의 도출을 위한 내용분석과 도출된 정책의제에 대한 우선순위 분석을 실시한다. 분석방 법으로는 전문가 집단을 대상으로 한 개방형 질문에 대한 답변에 대한 내용분석을 통해 분야별 쟁점 정책의제를 도출하고, 도출된 정책의제를 대상으로 AHP 분석기법을 활용하여 우선순위를 도출한다. 이를 통해 이 연구는 지방선거 과정에서의 정책방향과 경향성에 대한 논의의 중요한 근거자료를 제공하고, 이에 더해 도출된 정책의제에 대한 우선순위 분석 을 통해 지역 내에서 우선적으로 다루어질 필요가 있는 핵심 정책의제에 대한 유용한 자료를 제공한다는 의의를 갖는다.

본 논문에서는 2022년 3월 9일 실시된 대통령 선거에 사전한 TV 토론 중 제1차 TV토론에서 후보자들의 토론 이슈 전략, 언어/비언어적 요소 에 대한 분석의 세 가지 차원을 분석하였다. 특히 본고에서는 Benoit and Wells(1996)가 제시한 설득적 공격과 방어의 스피치 전략 분석틀을 활용하여 분석유목을 제시하였다. 분석 결과, 이재명 후보는 설득적 공격 전략으로 의무나 책무 관련성 4.9%, 불일치성, 약속 위반성에 관한 지적 4.9%를 나타낸 반면, 설득적 방어 전략으로 수치나 해외사례를 근거로 제시하는 예시제시 22.0%, 정책설명 19.5%을 주요하게 사용하였다. 윤 석열 후보는 설득적 공격 전략으로 원색적 비난(인격, 사생활) 7.9%, 불 일치성, 약속 위반성 지적 5.3% 사용하였으나, 설득적 방어 전략으로 불 필요한 발성음, 더듬거림을 18.4%, 단순부정 13.2%, 정책설명 10.5%, 모호하거나 우회적 답변 7.9% 사용하였다. 이재명 후보와 윤석열 후보는 양강 구도를 이루고 있어, 각 이슈마다 대립하였다. 특히 주도권토론에서 양 후보는 대장동 화천대유 이슈로 격론을 벌이며, 다수의 비언어적 제 스처를 취하게 되었다.

Even though Summary of Chinese Historical Lexicology by Jiang Shao Yu is the most important theoretical achievement both of Chinese lexicology in general and of the contemporary one, there are some points to be discussed in a more detailed manner. Of them is that of the absolute synonym such as ‘zhou’ (舟) and ‘chuan’ (船). Considering it worth discussing, this paper holds that ‘chuan’ (船) began in the early and middle stage of Warring States Period, not in the late one of it. For, the use cases of ‘chuan’ (船) in the literature of the middle and late stage of Warring States Period increased, and the frequency ratio of ‘zhou’ (舟) and ‘chuan’ (船) changed in those stages. They are general synonyms rather than absolute synonyms because the former means not merely the boat but also the big boat as in ‘long zhou’ (龍 舟), ‘da zhou’ (大舟) and ‘ju zhou’ (巨舟). Instead of ‘zhou’ (舟) itself referring to the big boat, the meaning of ‘zhou’ (舟) is still the boat, and ‘zhou’ (舟) and ‘chuan’ (船) constitute synonyms in the meaning of the boat, which indicates that the meaning of size comes from its modifying elements.