높은 종횡비와 원자 수준의 얇은 두께를 갖는 다공성 2D 소재는 고성능 분리막 제작에 활용된다. 이를 위해서는 다공성 2D 소재를 다공성 지지체 위에 균일하게 도포할 수 있는 코팅법이 필수이다. 본 연구는 이를 위한 제올라이트 MFI 나노막의 간단하면서도 효과적인 코팅법을 제시한다. 직접합성법으로 합성된 제올라이트 MFI 나노막은 물에 분산되면서 동 시에 표면 활성을 보여, 이 특성을 활용하여 소수성 계면에 흡착시키는 것이 가능하다. 소수성 개질을 다양한 형태의 지지체 에 적용하여, 이들 표면에 고밀도의 나노막 흡착 코팅이 가능함을 보였다. 또한, 이 흡착코팅의 반복 수행을 통해 나노막의 완전피복을 달성하고, 이를 연속적인 MFI 필름 및 멤브레인으로 성장시킬 수 있었다. 이 간단한 코팅법은 제올라이트 나노막 뿐만 아니라, 표면활성을 보이는 다른 2D 소재에도 적용 가능할 것으로 보이며, 2D 소재의 활용도를 제고할 수 있을 것이다.

본 연구에서는 비산먼지 농도를 평가하기 위한 영향 요인인 먼지부하량(Silt loading, sL)에 대한 연구로 노면에 쌓여있는 먼지 수집 시 효율적인 방법을 제시하기 위해 실험적 데이터 수집과 시각화를 통해 위치별 특성에 따른 먼지 분포량과 효율적인 먼지 수집 위치 를 분석하고자 하였다. 기존의 미국 EPA(Environmental Protection Agency)에서는 도로 전구간을 샘플링하기에 어려움이 있어 구간별 교 차로 길이(2.4km)를 기준으로 샘플링 위치를 제시하거나 1km 이하 구간에서는 2개를 샘플링하도록 제시하고 있다. 하지만 국내 실정 에 적용하기에는 교차로 사이 간격이 너무 넓거나, 샘플링 개수가 적은 등 한계점을 가지고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 청소기의 길이 0.3m에 따라 3m(0.3m X 10회) 샘플링 기법을 통해 25m와 100m 구간을 대표할 수 있는 위치를 제시해주는 것을 목표로 하고 있으며, 이때 시료를 채취하여 통계분석과 클러스터링 분석을 통해 샘플링 위치를 선정하고자 하였다. 또한 샘플링 위치에 따른 검증을 위해 서 도로 먼지 부하량과 비산먼지와의 상관관계를 정량적으로 평가하였다. 이때 먼저 sL의 양에 따른 비산먼지의 농도 측정은 도심부 제한속도에 따라 50km/h의 속도로 주행하는 조건에서 측정되었으며, 측정차량을 통해 수집된 GPS 좌표를 활용하여 도로 먼지 농도의 변화를 정량적으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 먼지 부하량(sL)이 농도가 높을수록 도로 먼지 농도가 증가하는 경향이 나타났으며, 이러한 상관관계는 먼지가 많을수록 공기중으로 비산되는 먼지의 양이 많은 것에 기인한 것으로 분석되었고 이때 측정한 전 구간에서 sL과 비산먼지 농도 간의 높은 상관 관계(상관계수 0.76)가 확인되었다. 추가적으로, 각 시료 채취 지점에서의 sL의 변화가 도로 먼지 농도에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 K-평균 클러스터링 기법을 사용하였다. 클러스터링 결과, 최적의 샘플링 지점이 25m 구간 내에서는 3개, 100m 구간 안에서는 5개의 샘플링 위치로 대표값을 띄는 것으로 도출되었으며 비산먼지 농도의 변화와도 일치하는 것을 보였다. 이러한 방법을 통해 도로 먼지 샘플링의 신뢰성을 높일 수 있었으며, 도로 먼지의 특성을 보다 정확하게 분석할 수 있었고, 인력 수집에 따른 시간적, 공간적인 한계 를 해결할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 또한 이는 향후 비산먼지 측정 차량 제작 연구의 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

The condensation phenomenon can affect the product in terms of function and aesthetics, so it is a complaint of many users from the past, and continuous research has been conducted to solve it. A portable instrument panel is installed inside combat vehicles such as tanks and armored vehicles. Due to the nature of the combat vehicle operated in the special situation of battle, the internal heat generation of the instrument panel has increased significantly, which is presumed to be the cause of condensation inside the instrument panel. In this paper, a study on the development of subsequent processes was conducted to reduce the condensation phenomenon of the instrument panel for combat vehicles. In order to reduce the condensation phenomenon, the experiment was carried out by setting baking time and stabilization time as major factors. This paper is considered to be a reference research data for all systems in which similar assemblies are used as well as instrument panels for combat vehicles.

본 연구에서는 식물에 의한 표면적 증가와 생리작용이 미세먼지 정화에 미치는 영향을 추정하기 위하여 대조구(Control; Type C)을 설정하고, 관엽식물(Spathiphyllum wallisii; Type P)과 인조식물(Artificial Plant; Shape of Spathiphyllum wallisii; Type A.P)을 활용하여 미세먼지 정화소요시간을 측정하고 비교ㆍ분석하였다. 그 결과, 각 실험구별 미세먼지 정화에 소요된 시간은 Type C에 비하여 Type A.P는 57~64%, Type P는 31~32% 수준으로 감소하였다. 이후, LMM(Liner Mix Model)을 활용하여 각 실험구별 시간변화에 따른 교호작용을 검정한 결과, 표면적증가와 시간변화(PM10 : t=3.123, p<0.05, PM2.5 : t=3.180, p<0.05), 생리작용과 시간변화(PM10 : t=4.065, p<0.05, PM2.5 : t=4.307, p<0.05)는 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 분석되어 각 요인과 시간변수의 교호작용이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 마지막으로 식물의 미세먼지 정화요인에 따른 효율은, 정화요인이 존재하지 않는 대조구(Type C)에 비하여 표면적 증가로 1.40배, 생리작용으로 1.95배, 총 평균 2.74배의 정화시간이 더 짧은 것으로 비선형회귀분석을 통해 추정하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 식물체의 미세먼지 정화매커니즘 중 생리작용(방출 및 흡수 등)이 표면적 증가(흡착)보다 더 큰 영향을 미치고 있음을 예상하였으며, 이에 따라 미세먼지 정화 기능을 목적으로 하는 녹지에서 비배 및 관수관리등 녹지관리가 중요한 요인임을 피력하였다.

In this paper, the adsorption removal characteristic for 10 species of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) was investigated using GAC and modified GAC (GAC-Cu). After modification with Cu(II), the amount of copper was to 1.93 and 4.73 mg/g for GAC and GAC-Cu, respectively. The total amount of 10 species of PFAS per specific area was obtained to 0.548 and 0.612 ng/m2 for GAC and GAC-Cu, respectively. A series of batch test confirmed lower efficiency was observed with a smaller number of carbon chain length and the removal efficiency of PFCA (perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids) was lower than that of PFSA (perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids) with the same carbon chain length. Regarding the pH effect, the adsorption capacity was decreased with increase of pH due to the increase of electrostatic repulsion. According to pseudo first and second order (PFO and PSO) kinetic models, while the values of equilibrium uptake and time did not show significant difference, a difference in uptake was observed between 24-48h. Furthermore, based on correlation analysis, Log Kow and uptake have a high correlation with molecular weight (M.W.) and initial concentration, respectively. These results show that long-chain PFAS have higher removal efficiency due to their increased hydrophobicity.

구절초(Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum (Maxim.) Kitam.)는 linarin, chlorogenic acid 등의 유용성분들을 함유하고 있으며, 산업적으 로 이용가치가 있는 식물이다. 구절초의 산업화를 위해 유용성분인 linarin과 chlorogenic acid의 최적 추출 조건을 구하기 위해 반응표면분석을 수행하였으며, Linarin의 최적 추출 조건은 에탄올 농도 100%, 추출 시간 30h, 추출 온도 75℃였다. 최적 추출 조건에서 예상된 linarin의 값은 33.36 mg/g였으며 실험값은 38.33±2.66 mg/g였다. Chlorogenic acid의 최적 추출 조건은 에탄올 농도 48%, 추출 시간 30h, 추출 온도 65℃로 예상된 chlorogenic acid의 함량은 42.19 mg/g였으며 실험값은 44.34±2.09 mg/g이었다. 반응표면분석법으로 도출된 최적 추출 조건을 통해 구절초에서 linarin과 chlorogenic acid의 효율적인 추출이 가능함을 확인하였다.

Recently injection mold processing is necessary for the development of efficient solar concentrator system with a Fresnel lenses. Heat transfer mechanism in the Fresnel lens manufacturing process have a significant influence on precision machining and optical performance of solar power generation. In this study, we analyzed the thermal characteristics of temperature and heat flux distributions near the lens for transient molding process using CFD method. Initially for one second fast temperature variation on the upper surface of the lens leads to high heat flux distribution. It is gradually cooled to around 128℃ over a period of 60 seconds which is largely affected by the mold structure and the characteristics of the cooling lines. There is also high heat flux occurred on the lens upper side and lower surfaces with rapid temperature change. These results can be applied as fundamental design data for the manufacturing process in the development of Fresnel lenses.

PURPOSES : This study aims to provide quantitative profile values for the objective evaluation of concrete surface profile (CSP) grades in concrete structures. The main aims are to quantify the CSP grade required for concrete surface pretreatment and proposing a more suitable CSP grade for structural maintenance. METHODS : Initially, the challenges in measuring concrete surface profiles were outlined by analyzing pretreatment work and profile samples of concrete pavements. Theoretical foundations for quantifying concrete surface roughness were established, and regression models including linear regression, cubic regression, and log regression were selected. Additionally, the interquartile range anomaly removal technique was employed to preprocess the data for regression modeling. RESULTS : Concrete CSP profiles were measured through indoor tests, and the measured data were quantified. Linear regression, cubic regression, and log regression models were applied to each CSP grade for comparative analysis of the results. Furthermore, comparative studies were conducted through adhesion strength tests based on the CSP grade. CONCLUSIONS : Our results are expected to establish objective standards for the pretreatment stage of concrete repair and reinforcement. The derived reference values can inform standards for the restoration and reinforcement of concrete structures, thereby contributing to performance improvement. Moreover, our results may serve as primary data for the repair and reinforcement of various concrete structures such as airports, bridges, highways, and buildings.

In this study, the various process conditions for high-power DC Magnetron Sputtering (DCMS) on the surface roughness of carbon thin films were investigated. The optimal conditions for Si/C coating were 40min for deposition time, which does not deviate from normal plasma, to obtain the maximum deposition rate, and the conditions for the best surface roughness were – 16volt bias voltage and 400watt DC power with 1.3x10-3torr chamber pressure. Under these optimal conditions, an excellent carbon thin film with a surface roughness of 1.62nm and a thickness of 724nm was obtained. As a result of XPS analysis, it was confirmed that the GLC structure ( bonding) was more dominant than the DLC structure ( bonding) in the thin film structure of the carbon composite layer formed by DC sputtering. Except in infrequent cases of relatively plasma instability, the lower bias voltage and applied power induces smaller surface roughness value due to the cooling effect and particle densification. For the optimal conditions for Graphite/C composite layer coating, a roughness of 36.3 nm and a thickness of 711 nm was obtained under the same conditions of the optimal process conditions for Si/C coating. This layer showed a immensely low roughness value compared to the roughness of bare graphite of 242 nm which verifies that carbon coating using DC sputtering is highly effective in modifying the surface of graphite molds for glass forming.

In this study, a high-resolution integrated real-time visualization device using surface plasmon resonance was designed and considered to overcome the measurement limitations of existing optical systems. For precise measurements, resonance angle and reflectivity were calculated using theoretical equations, and the designed surface plasmon resonance visualization system was verified by comparison with experimental values using a He-Ne laser. Surface information of the droplet was acquired using polarized, single-wavelength converted white light, and quantified through image processing. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that when light with a wavelength of 632.8 nm is incident on the Kretchmann structure prism-metal thin film-dielectric (air/water), it is not totally reflected at an angle above the critical angle and the reflectivity is rapidly reduced due to the surface plasmon resonance phenomenon. As a result of quantifying the image, it was confirmed that the droplet reflectivity was similar to the theoretical reflectivity at each resonance angle.

In this study, we designed and manufactured a large angular contact ball bearing (LACBB) with low deformation using JIS-SUJ2 steel and analyzed changes in its structural characteristics and chemical composition upon heat treatment. The bearing was produced by hot forging and heat treatment including a quenching and tempering (Q/T) process, and its properties were analyzed using 4 mm thick specimens. A difference in the size distribution of the carbide in the outer and inner parts of the bearing was observed and it was confirmed that large and non-uniform carbide was distributed in the inner part of the bearing. After heat treatment, the hardness value of the outer part increased from 13.4 HRC to 61 HRC and the inner part increased from 8.0 HRC to 59.7 HRC. As a result of X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, the volume fraction of the retained austenite contained in the outer part was calculated to be 3.5~4.8 % and the inner part was calculated to be 3.6~5.0 %. The surface chemical composition and the content of chemical bonds were quantified through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and a decrease in C=C bonds and an increase in Fe-C bonds were confirmed.

In this study, we developed Rapid Enrichment Broth for Vibrio parahaemolyticus (REB-V), a broth capable enriching V. parahaemolyticus from 100 CFU/mL to 106 CFU/mL within 6 hours, which greatly facilitates the rapid detection of V. parahaemolyticus. Using a modified Gompertz model and response surface methodology, we optimized supplement sources to rapidly enrich V. parahaemolyticus. The addition of 0.003 g/10 mL of D-(+)- mannose, 0.002 g/10 mL of L-valine, and 0.002 g/10 mL of magnesium sulfate to 2% (w/v) NaCl BPW was the most effective combination of V. parahaemolyticus enrichment. Optimal V. parahaemolyticus culture conditions using REB-V were at pH 7.84 and 37oC. To confirm REB-V culture efficiency compared to 2% (w/v) NaCl BPW, we assessed the amount of enrichment achieved in 7 hours in each medium and extracted DNA samples from each culture every hour. Real-time PCR was performed using the extracted DNA to verify the applicability of this REB-V culture method to molecular diagnosis. V. parahaemolyticus was enriched to 5.452±0.151 Log CFU/mL in 2% (w/v) NaCl BPW in 7 hours, while in REB-V, it reached 7.831±0.323 Log CFU/mL. This confirmed that REB-V enriched V. parahaemolyticus to more than 106 CFU/mL within 6 hours. The enrichment rate of REB-V was faster than that of 2% (w/v) NaCl BPW, and the amount of enrichment within the same time was greater than that of 2% (w/v) NaCl BPW, indicating that REB-V exhibits excellent enrichment efficiency.