Jeon, Eun-jin. 2012. A linguistic analysis of Slang, which is registered in ‘Youth Slang Dictionary’ in Smart-Phone Application. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 20(1). pp. 267-293. This study analyzed slangs, which are registered in 'Youth Slang Dictionary' in smart-phone application, thereby having aimed to grasp the actual condition of slangs, which are now being used actively. This application is translating through registering slangs, which are used by adolescents, as if Korean dictionary, and is routinely updating, thereby being effective for grasping the actual condition of slangs, which are being lively used in the present age. As a result of analyzing Youth Slang Dictionary, the structural characteristic was indicated most noticeably, which expresses it with the first syllable by clipping a form in a word or word-phrase, given seeing in light of the expression. And sound transcription, Romanizaton, deletion, contraction, alternation, and addition were being indicated. Also, even the phenomenon, which newly expresses by producing new meaning, not the standard meaning of a word, was shown. Examining semantic characteristics, the slangs, which indicate figure, behavior, state, and psychology, were being used much. Each of slangs was strongly indicated the tendency of being used negatively, rather than being used positively.

As local governments have difficulties in financing U-City projects very much at once, investment from private sectors is necessary. This paper propose methodologies about preliminary feasibility study of private investment in U-City construction. They are concrete shapes of feasibility study methodologies of KDI PIMAC to meet U-City construction. They are feasibility study of private investment by policies of the local government and the central government, methodologies of financial VFM analysis to cost during a U-City project, methodologies of qualitative VFM analysis of project management, U-City service quality and operation efficiency of U-City infrastructure . They give concrete examples of the Ansan U-City project.

This study examines the usage of the character Shen (甚) presented in the Great Chinese-Korean dictionary. The importance of this study lies in pointing out the appropriate usage of a Chinese character Shen (甚) in relation to the items, meanings, and example sentences. The items in the dictionary include meanings, interpretations, and subsequent example sentences. It is essential to present items correctly when compiling a dictionary. If the items, meanings, and example sentences of any letter are not accurate, the influence of the dictionary will be reduced by half. The methodology used in this study is to exemplify a Chinese character Shen (甚) by comparing its usage in eight dictionaries and to analyze the inappropriate usage of the character with respect to sources, sequence order, meaning interpretation, and example sentences in the reference. The findings of this study involve identifying the basic types of errors and suggesting appropriate changes for the future revision of the Great Chinese-Korean dictionary. Therefore, not only the scholars in the academic field but also the next generation should be able to understand the proper usage of the character Shen (甚) and use the character without errors mistakenly transmitted from the dictionary.

This study aims at finding out about some errors of example sentences shown in the Great Chinese-Korean dictionary. This study can be meaningful because the importance of the example sentences in the dictionary cannot be overemphasized. Example sentences in the dictionary include all of the following parts: meanings, interpretations, and subsequent examples sentences. They hold an importance place in compiling a dictionary. If examples sentences are not accurate, the influences of the dictionary will be reduced by half. Contrary to the intentions of the dictionary editors, the Great Chinese-Korean dictionary has significant problems in terms of sources and example sentences. For example, some of the errors include mistaken sources, incorrect volumes or volume numbers with correct sources, confusion about authors' dynasties, inaccurate authors' names, erroneous periods of historical research, and so on. Therefore, the researcher of this study attempts to provide readers with the first step toward the solutions of these problems by analyzing basic types of errors and to play a role in revising the Great Chinese-Korean dictionary in the near future. As a result, it is hoped that the influences of these errors presented in the dictionary should not be transmitted in the various academic fields and to the following generations.

목적 : 본 연구에서는 전산화 인지프로그램(Rehacom)을 노인성 치매 환자에게 적용 시 집중력, 기억력 변화정도가 수단적 일상생활활동 중 전화걸기에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법 : MMSE-K 점수 18점 이상 24점 이하인 8명의 치매 노인을 대상으로 주 2회, 각 회기당 20분씩 총 8회를 실시하였다. 단일집단 검사 전-검사 후 설계(one group pretest-post test design)를 통하여 K-DRS, CNT, 비디오 분석의 차이를 알아보았고, 신뢰도 분석방법을 통하여 비디오 분석에 대한 연구자간 신뢰도를 알아보았다. 결과 : 윌콕슨 쌍대비교(Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test)를 통해 K-DRS에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다 (p=.17). 또한 CNT 중 visual span의 경우 정방향 맞은 개수(p=.38)는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 비디오 분석을 위한 연구자간 신뢰도를 알아 본 결과 신뢰도가 높게 나타났다. 그 결과 전화걸기의 치료 전-후의 변화에서 전화 걸기 수행도에 대해 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=.03). 결론 : 본 연구에서 실시한 전산화 인지프로그램(Rehacom) 훈련은 인지기능의 향상을 보였으며, 이에 따른 수단적 일상생활 중 전화걸기 능력의 향상을 보였다. 따라서 인지치료는 치매 노인의 인지기능 감퇴의 진행 완화나 치료에 있어 유용하게 사용 될 수 있다.

This study aims at finding out about some errors of example sentences shown in the Great Chinese-Korean dictionary. This study can be meaningful because the importance of the example sentences in the dictionary cannot be overemphasized. Example sentences in the dictionary include all of the following parts: meanings, interpretations, and subsequent examples sentences. They hold an importance place in compiling a dictionary. If examples sentences are not accurate, the influences of the dictionary will be reduced by half. Contrary to the intentions of the dictionary editors, the Great Chinese-Korean dictionary has significant problems in terms of sources and example sentences. For example, some of the errors include mistaken sources, incorrect volumes or volume numbers with correct sources, confusion about authors' dynasties, inaccurate authors' names, erroneous periods of historical research, and so on. Therefore, the researcher of this study attempts to provide readers with the first step toward the solutions of these problems by analyzing basic types of errors and to play a role in revising the Great Chinese-Korean dictionary in the near future. As a result, it is hoped that the influences of these errors presented in the dictionary should not be transmitted in the various academic fields and to the following generations.

몽골에서 본격적으로 한국어교육이 시작된 지 이제 20여년의 기간이 지나고 있다. 그동안 몽골에서의 한국어교육은 주로 한국어 교수법 및 교재제작을 위주로 하여 몽골인들에게 제 2외국어로써의 한국어 교과목의 확충과 교재개발에 있어서 적지 않은 성과를 거두고 있는 것으로 사료된다. 한편 이러한 학습교재와는 별도로 특히 주목할 만한 현상으로는 몽골인을 위한 한국어사전 편찬사업을 들 수 있다. 또한 그 중요성에도 불구하고 몽골에서의 한국어 사전편찬 과정에는 상당한 문제점들이 노정되고 있다. 따라서 본고에서는 몽골에서의 한국어 사전편찬 현황 및 문제점에 대하여 논의하여 차후 사전편찬의 개선점과 미비점을 보완하는 계기를 마련하고자 한다.

This study investigated the irradiation pattern of muscles on the affected side in stroke patients after application of diagonal 2 extension (D2 ex) proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation in the unaffected upper extremity. Seven stroke patients participated. Electromyographic activities were recorded in the iliopsoas, biceps brachii, and triceps brachii were recorded by surface electrodes at rest, D2 ex with knee extension, and D2 ex with knee 90 flexion, normalized by maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) values. The medial frequencies of biceps brachii in both sides were also measured to compare muscle type recruited. %MVIC of biceps brachii and triceps brachii were significantly higher in D2 ex than at rest (p<.05). There was no difference in median frequency of biceps brachii between the affected and unaffected side (p>.05). This suggests that proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation using D2 ex may improve muscle activities of the paretic side and that the irritation pattern of the affected side may respond to maintain body equilibrium according to movement of the sound side.

This study was designed to examine a 3-week modified constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) to the less-affected arm of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) would improve function of the more-affected arm in PD. The subjects were 6 institutional older adults with PD and clients of the social welfare facilities. The subjects (2 men, 4 women) ranged in age from 66 to 90 years (mean age 77.2 yrs). Three clinical tests were used to determine the improvement of functional activity between before and after modified CIMT. The tests included Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), and Action Research Arm Test (ARAT). There were significantly differences after the modified CIMT for time performance in WMFT and pinch in ARAT (p<.05), No significant difference was noted after the modified CIMT for UPDRS and functional ability scale in WMFT. Therefore, the modified CIMT might improve time performance and is available to therapeutic program helping them improve functional ability for upper extremity in Parkinson's disease.

말소리는 분절음(segmental phonemes)과 초분절소(suprasegmental phonemes)로 구성되어 있으며, 분절음은 音色으로 분별하는 자음과 모음이며, 초분절소는 소리의 고저, 강약, 장단으로 의미를 분별하는 요소이다. 한어의 음절은 분절음인 성모와 운모 및 초분절소인 성조로 구성되기 때문에 분절음인 성모와 운모만의 구성을 분절음절이라고 할 수 있다. 한어의 음절을 구성하는 규칙은 매우 고정적이고 간단하기 때문에 음절의 수량과 분포 상태 역시 비교적 단순하다. 비록 그 동안 현대한어의 음절수와 분포 상태에 대해서는 줄곧 많은 관심을 가졌지만 방언 어휘, 감탄사, 의성사, 문어 어휘 및 경성음절의 수록 범위가 일치하지 않아 각 사전의 음절과 분절음절의 수량과 분포는 일치하지 않았다. 이 글에서는 중국에서 출판한 《现代汉语词典》《新华字典》《现代汉语规范字典》《现代汉语规范词典》과 일본에서 출판한 《中日大辭典》 및 한국에서 출판한 《中韓辭典》(고대 민족문화연구원)《中韓辭典》(두산동아) 등 7종의 자전 혹은 사전을 선택하여 각 사전에 수록된 기본음절, 비기본음절, 경성음절과 기본분절음절, 비기본분절음절, 경성음절을 모든 사전에 수록된 공통음절과 어느 일부의 사전에 수록된 개별음절로 나누어 수량, 분포 상태 및 특징을 비교 분석하였다. 7종 사전에 수록된 공통음절은 1277개(경성 24개 포함)이고，개별음절은 99개(경성음절 38개 포함)이어서 음절 총량은 1376개이며, 7종 사전 전부에 수록된 공통분절음절은 404개이고 개별음절은 18개(특수음절 7개 포함)이어서 분절음절 총수는 422개이다. 경성음절의 수록 조건과 범위에 대해서는 모든 사전이 명확한 근거를 가지고 있지 않아 각 사전의 수록 범위가 일치하지 않다. 《现代汉语规范词典》을 편찬한 주요 목적은 현대한어의 표준화에 있으며, 실제 공통분절음절 404개 외에 기본음절로 편입된 분절음절 “cei”와 “eng”를 표준으로 인정하고 기타 특수음절은 모두 취소하였으므로 결국 표준 분절음절은 406개이고 비경성기본음절은 1272개로 보는 것이 가장 합리적일 것이다.

《羅末麗初金石文》能夠較好反映地當時語言面貌，對漢語言文字學研究來説，是一塊亟需發掘的寶藏.《漢語大詞典》代表了當今漢語詞彙研究的最高水平，但由於書成於衆人之手，所以難免會有一些疏漏.《羅末麗初金石文》對《漢語大詞典》編纂的作用，主要表現在提早書證、補充失收詞條或義項、糾正釋義錯訛、補充用例書證四個方面，本文結合《羅末麗初金石文》，論述了《漢語大詞典》在處理相關詞條時所存在的收列詞條、解釋意義、列舉書證等各方面的問題，希望能為《漢語大詞典》的訂補提供一些有價值的參考.

The purpose of this study is to examine the roles which English dictionaries play in learners" production activity and to raise awareness about the necessity for more explicit guidance for English learners who wish to use English dictionaries to enhance their accuracy in production and vocabulary knowledge. For this purpose, first of all, the notion of knowing a word or a set of lexical items, along with the problems that learners possibly encounter when they attempt to encode their messages are reviewed with previous studies. Second, it illustrates the elements and characteristics of information which typical English learners" dictionaries provide for users in the light of difficulties involved in production activity. Third, this study analyzes the content and structure of current major encoding dictionaries of different types and purposes, assessing their distinguishing features and complementary advantages. It is hoped that the findings of this study develop the dictionary awareness among English learners and educators in Korea.

The purpose of this preliminary study was to develop a measurement for assessing risk factors for falling in community-dwelling elderly persons. Rasch analysis and principal component analysis were performed to examine whether items on the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC), assessing self-efficacy, and items on the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), assessing balance function, contribute jointly to a unidimensional construct in the elderly. A total of 35 elderly persons (4 men, 31 women) participated. In this study, each item of ABC (16 items) and BBS (14 items) was scored on a 5-point ordinal rating scale from 0 to 4. The initial Rasch and principal component analysis indicated that 3 of the ABC items and 2 of the BBS items were misfit for this study. These 5 items were excluded from further study. After combining ABC and BBS, Rasch and principal component analyses were examined and finally 23 items selected; 12 items from ABC, 11 items from BBS. The 23 combined ABC-BBC items were arranged in order of difficulty. The hardest item was 'walk outside on icy sidewalks' and the easiest item was 'pivot transfer'. Although structural calibration of each 5 rating scale categories was not ordered, the other three essential criteria of Linacre's optimal rating scale were satisfied. Overall, the ABC-BBS showed sound item psychometric properties. Each of the 5 rating scale categories appeared to distinctly identify subjects at different ability levels. The findings of this study support that the new ABC-BBS scale measure balance function and self-efficacy. It will be a clinically useful assessment of risk factors for falling in the elderly. However, the number of subjects was too small to generalize our results. Further study is needed to develop a new assessment considering more risk factors of falling in elderly.