PURPOSES : This study aimed to offer a greenhouse gases table to assist a road designer in calculating the greenhouse gases for a road environment when making a decision about an alternative road. METHODS: This study developed an operation mode table of greenhouse gases using the MOVES program. Similar factors for Korean vehicles and fuels are reflected in the MOVES program, which was made in the USA. Finally, a paired t-test was conducted to calculate the site data and MOVES data. Through these studies, a methodology was suggested for calculating carbon emissions based on various types of roads alignments. RESULTS : The site results for a passenger truck on the road were statistically significant when the vehicle speed was above 65 km/h. However, a future study will consider factors for various road alignments and vehicles. CONCLUSIONS : This study will contribute to the theoretical basis for reducing carbon emissions from roads by helping road designers make decisions about road alternatives in terms of the road environment.

This study aims to estimate the Green-House-Gas emissions from domestic farmed flounder in the southern sea and Jeju-Do, where is mainly produced, by the assessment of energy consumptions and GHG emissions from domestic fish farms for establishing reduce standards of greenhouse gas from a sustainable perspective. It needs to analyze such GHG emission components as feed, electricity, fuel, fixed capital, fish respiration, and liquid oxygen in two locations by 4 stage running water type farm size of small, small and medium, large and medium, large scale. The result showed that the mean GHG emissions were 36.83 kg·CO2/year in the southern sea and 24.33 kg·CO2/year in Jeju-Do, respectively, in the stage of production per fish 1kg at 2 locations and farm size from domestic farmed flounders, and it will give to be useful for policy, planning, and regulation of aquaculture development with establishing GHG reduction standards.

이 논문에서는 CGE모형을 통해 온실가스 감축정책이 제주지역 농업 및 총생산에 미치는 영향을 계측 하였다. 분석결과 탄소세를 부과할 경우에는 전라권의 GRDP가 2.522% 감소하는 것으로 나타났고, 제 주권은 0.272% 감소하는 것으로 분석되었다. 배출권거래제의 경우 제주권의 GRDP 감소효과는 0.01% 로 나타났다. 산업부문별 산출효과를 분석하면 전력이 1.411% 감소하고, 화학제품 1.370% 감소하여 그 업종의 산출액이 각각 18억원과 9억원 정도 줄어드는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 에너지다소비산업인 건 설, 운수·보관업, 일반기계, 금속제품 등의 산출이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 배출권거래제를 도 입할 경우 탄소세 부과보다 산출 감소가 크게 줄어드는 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 배출권거래를 통해 온 실가스 규제의 영향을 최소화할 수 있기 때문인 것으로 파악된다.

지구온난화 문제 해결을 위한 지속적인 노력과 더불어 온실가스의 국제적 배출 규제는 더욱 강화되고 있다. Non-CO2 사업단은 온실가스의 종류와 발생원에 따른 적합 기술을 선택적으로 개발함으로써 기술별 균형을 추구하고 발생원에 대한 대응방안을 모색하고 있다. 주로 화학, 전자, 자동차, 선박과 같은 수출주력산업에서 발생하므로 향후 무역규제와 연계될 경우 그 파급효과가 클 것으로 예상된다. 선택적, 집중 투자와 효율적인 관리를 통하여 우리나라 온실가스저감 목표 달성에 일조하고 수출주력산업에 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다. 본 연구는 Non-CO2 사업단개발기술, 특히 멤브레인 관련기술에 관한 토의이다. ※ 환경부 글로벌탑 환경기술개발사업 중 “Non-CO2 온실가스 저감기술개발 사업”의 지원으로 수행되었다.

국제해사기구는 선박기인 CO₂ 저감을 위해 SEEMP를 시행 하였다. 본 논문에서는 국제해사기구가 권고한 SEEMP 시행 방안과 세 해운선사의 SEEMP 적용 사례를 동일 기준으로 비교·분석 하였다. 이를 통해 적용상의 문제점을 파악하여 해운선사들이 SEEMP를 더욱 효율적으로 적용하기 위한 개선 방안을 제시하였다. 개선방안으로는 Company EEOI의 오류 수정, EEOI 데이터 획득 기간 통일, 에너지 효율 운항을 위한 조치사항 준수, 다양한 연료에 대한 CO₂ 환산 계수 제시, 국제해사기구의 공식적 기준을 통한 EEOI 목표값 설정이 있다.

The negative factors of fishery in environmental aspect of view are Greenhouse gas emission problems by high usage of fossil fuel, destruction of underwater ecosystem by bottom trawls, reduction of resources by fishing and damage of ecosystem diversity. Especially, the Greenhouse gas emission from fisheries is an important issue due to Cancún meeting, Mexico in 1992 and Kyoto protocol in 2005. However, the investigation on the GHG emissions from Korean fisheries did not much carry out. Therefore, the quantitative analysis of GHG emissions from Korean fishery industry is needed as a first step to find a relevant way to reduce GHG emissions from fisheries. The purpose of this research is to investigate which degree of GHG emitted from fishery. Here, we calculated the GHG emission from Korean bottom pair trawl fishery using the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) method. The system boundary and input parameters for each process level are defined for LCA analysis. The fuel use coefficient of the fishery is also calculated. The GHG emissions from the representative fishes caught by bottom pair trawl will be dealt with. Furthermore, the GHG emissions for the edible weight of fishes are calculated with consideration to the different consuming areas and slaughtering process also. The results will be helpful to understand the circumstances of GHG emissions from Korean fisheries.

This paper presents PKES(PuKyung -Excel based Simulator) for WWTPs(wastewater treatment plants) by using MS Excel and VBA(Visual Basic for Application). PKES is a user-friendly simulator for the design and optimization of the whole plant including biological and physico-chemical processes for the wastewater and sludge treatment. PKES calculates the performance under steady or dynamic state and allows changing the mathematical model by the user. Mathematical model implemented in PKES is a improved integration model based on ASM2d and ADM1 for simulation of AS(activated sludge) and AD(anaerobic digestion). Gaseous components of N2, N2O, CO2 and CH4 are added for estimation of GHGs(greenhouse gases) emission.The simulation results for comparison between PKES and Aquasim(EAWAG) showed about the same effluent concentrations. As a result of verification using by measured data of BOD, TSS, TN and TP for 2 years of operation, calculated effluent concentrations were similar to measured effluent concentrations. The values of average RMSE(root mean square error) were 1.9, 0.8, 1.6 and 0.2 mg/L for BOD, TSS, TN and TP, respectively. Total GHGs emission of WWTP calculated by PKES was 138.5 ton-CO2/day and GHGs emissions of N2O, CO2 and CH4 were calculated at 21.7, 28.9 and 87.9 ton-CO2/day, respectively. GHGs emission of activated sludge was 32.5 % and that of anaerobic digestion was 67.5 %.

This study examines the contribution level of greenhouse gas(GHG) emission reduction and installation costs of renewable energy facilities. The GHG emission forecasts and industrial structures in the 16 regions of Korea are then analyzed to identify the proper supply of renewable energy sources for each region. The results show that water power is the most effective and efficient renewable energy source to reduce GHG emissions, followed by sunlight, wind power, geothermal heat, and solar heat, respectively. The 16 regions are then categorized into 4 groups based on their GHG emission forecast and industrial structure: high emission and manufacturing group, low emission and manufacturing group, low emission and service group, and high emission and service group. The proper supply of renewable energy sources for each group is then determined based on the contribution level and cost efficiency of GHG emission reduction.

The purpose of the study is to estimate the Green-House-Gas (GHG) emissions from domestic eel farm in the water recirculation system or still-water system by the assessment of energy consumptions and GHG emissions for establishing to reduce standards of GHG from a sustainable perspective. GHG emission components as seeds, feed, fuel, electricity, fixed capital, fish respiration, and others were analysed at the different culture type between water recirculation system and still-water system by 3 stage farm size of small, medium, large scale. The result showed that the mean GHG emission of the eel farm was 18.7kg·CO2 in the stage of production per fish 1kg at different culture type and farm size. Therefore it could be useful for policy, planning, and regulation of aquaculture development with establishing GHG reduction standards.

Biochar amendment to agricultural soil is regarded as a promising option to mitigateclimate change and enhance soil quality. It could sequester more carbon within the soil systemand increase plant yield by changing soil physicochemical characteristics. However, sustainableuse of biochar requires comprehensive environmental assessment. In this sense, it is important tomeasure additional greenhouse gas emission from soils after biochar addition. We investigatedemissions of CO2, N2O, and CH4from incubated soils collected from rice paddy and cultivatedgrassland after amendment of 3% biochar(wt.) produced from rice chaff. During incubation,soils were exposed to three wet-dry cycles ranging from 5~~85% soil gravimetric water content(WC) to investigate the changes in effect of biochar when influenced by different water levels. TheCO2emission was reduced in biochar treatment compared to the control at WC of 30~~70% bothin rice paddy and grassland soils. This indicates that biochar could function as a stabilizer for soilorganic carbon and it can be effective in carbon sequestration. The N2O emission was alsoreduced from the grassland soil treated with biochar when WC was greater than 30% because thebiochar treated soils had lower denitrification due to better aeration. In the rice paddy soil,biochar addition resulted in decrease in N2O emission when WC was greater than 70%, while anincrease was noted when WC was between 30~~70%. This increase might be related to the factthat available nutrients on biochar surface stimulated existing nitrifying bacterial community,resulting in higher N2O emission. Overall results imply that biochar amendment to agriculturalsoil can stabilize soil carbon from fast decomposition although attention should be paid toadditional N2O emission when biochar addition is combined with the application of nitrogenfertilizer.

The global warming related to GHG (greenhouse gases) emissions from industries is a major issue globally. Furthermore, GHG emissions from the fishery industries also represent an important issue, as indicated by "The Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries" at the Cancun, Mexico, meeting in 1992 and by the Kyoto protocol in 2005. Korea pronounced itself to be a voluntary exclusion management country at the 16th IPCC at Cancun, Mexico, in 2010. However, few analyses of GHG emissions from Korean fisheries have been performed. Therefore, a quantitative analysis of GHG emissions from the major Korean fisheries is needed before guidelines for reducing GHG emissions from the fishing industry can be established. The aim of this study was to assess the present GHG emissions from the Korean Purse seine fishery using the LCA (life cycle assessment) method. The system boundary and allocation method were defined for the LCA analysis. The fuel consumption factor of the purse seine fishery was also calculated. The GHG emissions for the edible fish were evaluated by determining the weights of whole fish and gutted fish. Finally, the GHG emissions required to produce 1kg of whole fish and 1kg of edible fish were deduced. The results will help determine the GHG emissions from the fishery. They will also be helpful to stakeholders and the government in understanding the circumstances involved in GHG emissions from the fishing industry.

PURPOSES: To analyze the specific factors of drivers behaviors that amount of cause the greenhouse gas emissions per vehicle. METHODS: Drivers behaviors at intersections are analyzed on the conditions of acceleration and deceleration. RESULTS : First, it is resulted greenhouse gas emissions per vehicle is produced more at intersections than at the main lines of highway. Second, it is resulted that the average speed, the average acceleration rate and the maximum speed are three major factors to produce greenhouse gas per vehicle in acceleration sections. Third, it is resulted that rapid deceleration 20m before entering intersections is the major factor to produce greenhouse gas per vehicle in deceleration sections. CONCLUSIONS: At intersections, sudden acceleration and deceleration is not good for greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, and the average speed, the average acceleration rate and the maximum speed are the chosen as factors to be controlled for drivers' behavior to reduce vehicles' greenhouse gas at intersections.

과불화질소, 육불화황, 삼불화질소와 같은 불소를 포함한 불화가스는 이산화탄소 온실가스에 비교해 배출량은 적지만 지구온난화지수가 매우 높아 지구온난화에 미치는 영향이 크다. 이러한 불화가스의 주요배출원이 국가 중추산업인 반도 체/LCD 산업이나 중전기 산업 등에 집중되어 있어 더욱 심각하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 불화가스 저감 기술 중 분리막 기반 불화가스 회수 분리 공정을 중심으로 불화가스 저감 기술 개발 현황을 살펴보고자 하였다.

Climate change has been identified as one of the greatest challenges facing nations,government, business and citizens over future decades. Activities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by the Kyoto Protocol, the international community has been in progress. Korea also has introduced the green house gas and energy Target Scheme to reduce greenhouse emission under the supervision of the government. Established green house gas information systems to promote activities of the private sector to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, The main propulsion is intended to be used as a basis in the private sector to reduce greenhouse gas utilized in the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions program (Excel spreadsheet), and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions evaluation standards published.

이 연구는 경안천 토양에서 기후 조건의 차이, 식물의 유무, 질소 농도의 차이에 따른 토양의 생물학적 유기물 분해속도의 변화가 대기 중 온실가스(CH4, CO2) 발생에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구 결과, 유기물 분해속도와 CH4, CO2 flux 모두 환경 조건이 동시에 변화하는 경우에 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다. 유기물 분해 속도는 기후 조건의 차이와 질소 농도의 차이, 기후 조건 차이와 식물의 유무가 있는 경우 에 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다. CH4 flux는 기후 조건 차이와 질소 농도의 차이, 기후 조건 차이와 식물의 유 무, 식물의 유무와 질소 농도의 차이가 있는 경우에 영향 이 있었으며 CO2 flux는 기후 조건 차이와 식물의 유무, 식물의 유무와 질소 농도의 차이가 있는 경우에 영향이 있음을 통해 기후 조건 차이와 식물의 유무, 질소 농도의 차이가 유기물 분해속도에 영향을 주어 대기 중 온실가 스 발생에 영향을 줄 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 기후 조건 차이는 토양의 분해를 증진시켜 대기로 방 출되는 온실가스 또한 가중시킬 수 있다고 알려져 있으 나, 본 연구를 통해 기후변화가 유기물의 분해와 대기로 의 온실가스 방출을 감소시킬 수 있다는 결과를 도출할 수 있었으며 기후 조건 차이 외의 질소가 유입될 경우, 순영향(positive effect)을 주게 됨을 알 수 있었다. 그러 나 식물의 영향이 작용할 경우 질소의 유입으로 인한 순 영향을 감소시킬 수 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 이에 따른 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.