PURPOSES : This study focuses on how quickly emergency alarm facilities recognize a fire, respond to evacuation behavior, and induce appropriate behavior in response to the fire alarm sound by listening to the fire alarm sound from a sound device. METHODS : Prior research on alarm sounds affecting evacuation behavior was identified, and a subjective evaluation of alarm sounds was conducted to study the most appropriate evacuation-inducing behavior for alarm sounds. In the event of a fire, a subjective evaluation of the sound pressure level and frequency analysis of the sound system, which affects the occupants in the building, were conducted to analyze the type of alarm sound and evacuation behavior. RESULTS : As a result of the subjective evaluation of the occupants’ listening risk, there was little cognitive response to the change in sound pressure level according to frequency. It was found that the alarm sound could give a sense of crisis or tension owing to the difference in sound pressure level change according to the change in time difference. CONCLUSIONS : In conclusion, with high sound pressure and large decibel deviation, the evacuation behavior of respondents after education was more active in the wake-up call that made a sound that seemed to be torn.

PURPOSES : This study aimed to secure the work space in alarm valve rooms to ensure stable working conditions for the engineers. METHODS : We analyzed situations where alarm valve room work spaces were inadequately secured posing a problem. Using the Ovako working posture analysis system (OWAS) method, we measured the body size of adult male technicians and their tools to analyze the actual space needed for them to maintain a healthy posture while working. On this basis, we proposed regulations governing workspace size and acceptable durations for unstable body postures. RESULTS : By measuring valve room work space and technician body size, we found that the workspace was inadequate for technicians. Applying OWAS showed that securing more space in the valve room improved the construction stability. CONCLUSIONS : Regulations on valve room size and appropriate work space for technicians will improve construction and inspection stability. This reduces the probability of poor construction and inadequate inspection, increasing the reliability of the firefighting facility system.

This study analyzed and identified various causes of caustic alarms of 163 fire detectors that occurred from January 2019 to December 2021 at domestic semiconductor manufacturing plants equipped with about 30,000 fire detectors, and proposed a new non-fire prevention cause investigation plan by applying the NFPA 921 scientific methodology. The results of the study are as follows. First, in terms of necessary recognition and problem definition, an analog detector and an integrated monitoring system were proposed to quickly determine the location and installation space information of the fire detector. Second, in order to prevent speculative causes and errors in various analyses in terms of data analysis and hypothesis establishment, non-fire reports were classified into five by factor and defined, and the causes of occurrence by factor were classified and proposed. Finally, in terms of hypothesis verification and final hypothesis selection, a non-fire prevention improvement termination process and a final hypothesis verification sheet were proposed to prevent the cause from causing re-error.

Fouling is an inevitable problem in membrane water treatment plant. It can be measured by trans-membrane pressure (TMP) in the constant flux operation, and chemical cleaning is carried out when TMP reaches a critical value. An early fouilng alarm is defined as warning the critical TMP value appearance in advance. The alarming method was developed using one of machine learning algorithms, decision tree, and applied to a ceramic microfiltration (MF) pilot plant. First, the decision tree model that classifies the normal/abnormal state of the filtration cycle of the ceramic MF pilot plant was developed and it was then used to make the early fouling alarm method. The accuracy of the classification model was up to 96.2% and the time for the early warning was when abnormal cycles occurred three times in a row. The early fouling alram can expect reaching a limit TMP in advance (e.g., 15-174 hours). By adopting TMP increasing rate and backwash efficiency as machine learning variables, the model accuracy and the reliability of the early fouling alarm method were increased, respectively.

The large process plant is currently implementing predictive maintenance technology to transition from the traditional Time-Based Maintenance (TBM) approach to the Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) approach in order to improve equipment maintenance and productivity. The traditional techniques for predictive maintenance involved managing upper/lower thresholds (Set-Point) of equipment signals or identifying anomalies through control charts. Recently, with the development of techniques for big analysis, machine learning-based AAKR (Auto-Associative Kernel Regression) and deep learning-based VAE (Variation Auto-Encoder) techniques are being actively applied for predictive maintenance. However, this predictive maintenance techniques is only effective during steady-state operation of plant equipment, and it is difficult to apply them during start-up and shutdown periods when rises or falls. In addition, unlike processes such as nuclear and thermal power plants, which operate for hundreds of days after a single start-up, because the pumped power plant involves repeated start-ups and shutdowns 4-5 times a day, it is needed the prediction and alarm algorithm suitable for its characteristics. In this study, we aim to propose an approach to apply the optimal predictive alarm algorithm that is suitable for the characteristics of Pumped Storage Power Plant(PSPP) facilities to the system by analyzing the predictive maintenance techniques used in existing nuclear and coal power plants.

본 연구는 어선전복경보시스템 개발을 위해 어선의 횡동요 특성을 파악하고 시간영역 횡동요 운동 시뮬레이션을 수행한다. 어 선전복경보시스템의 검증을 위해서는 전복 상황을 가정하여 시험을 수행하고 실제 어선 계측을 수행해야 하지만, 상황의 위험성으로 인 해 현실적으로 불가능하다. 또한 많은 전복사고의 경우 횡동요와 밀접한 연관이 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 이에 따라 어선전복경보시스템 의 핵심인 어선의 횡동요특성을 정확히 파악하여 시간영역 기반 횡동요 시뮬레이션을 수행하고 해당 정보를 통해 시스템에 탑재된 경보 시스템의 알고리즘을 검증한다. 주요내용으로 첫째, 횡동요 운동 특성을 운동 시험을 통해 계측하고 파악한다. 특히 어선과 같은 소형선 박의 경우 CFD 및 포텐셜 코드를 포함한 해석적인 방법으로 점성과 관련된 횡동요 해석이 어렵다. 이에 따라 횡동요 운동 모드에 초점을 맞추어 운동 시험을 수행하고 횡동요 RAO를 도출한다. 둘째, 횡동요 RAO를 이용하여 Wave Spectrum과의 조합으로 시간영역 운동 시뮬레 이션을 수행하고 전복 경보 알고리즘을 검증한다.

This study aimed at providing fundamental information for development of governmental policy on radon management, investigated the radon levels of residential homes nationwide. It also suggested the necessity for policy development which focuses on management of the degree of harm through the installation of radon alarm devices and radon reduction consulting for homes with radon readings in excess of recommended threshold. Results showed that the radon level of the subjects of this study, 1,167 houses, was 97.3 ± 65.8 Bq/m3. Regionally, Seoul had the highest level, while Jeju had the lowest. In the first round of the investigation, the number of houses, with radon level which exceeded the recommended threshold, 148 Bq/m3, was 171. However, as a result of the radon alarm installation and radon reduction consultation, the indoor radon level of 137 households decreased to less than the recommended threshold. In the second round of the investigation, 80% of the households, the radon concentration of which exceeded the current recommended threshold in the first round, appeared to maintain their radon concentration below the recommended threshold. As a result of the communication about radon's harmfulness and the installation of the radon alarm device for recognition of harmful environments. It could be deduced from this result that the communication about harm contributes to the reduction of radon.

The research on improvement of false alarm from the automatic fire detection system has been continually achieved in the meantime. But the research for the code-transmitter as one of component devices of the automatic fire detection system. In order to improve difficulty of the code-transmitter check-up, introduction for the address type-code-transmitter and the automatic recovery system for check up of the code-transmitter was proposed. In order to prevent against occurrence of noise and signal attenuation, introduction of the optical fiber cables that noise and signal attenuation do not occur and introduction for an optical communication relay that can apply to was proposed respectively.

The people who are in the noise factory are difficult to hear and recognize about fire and to evacuate quickly when a fire occurs. This study was conducted to analyze workplace’s background noise of 31 factories in Incheon and to know the workplace noise level comparing to fire alarm sound level. The measured average noise level was 96.8dB(A). Noise level of measured result was exceeded as 6.8dB(A) comparing to NFSC (National Fire Safety Code) noise level of 90dB. NFPA suggests that when background noise exceeds 85dB or more than that, other methods should be considered to know alarm sound. Also fire alarm sound should exceed more than 15dB(A) comparing to background noise level. Therefore it was concluded that the design of the fire alarm systems should not be applied to the workplace without considering background noise and it needs to be improved with regulations and the systems.

In many fire emergencies, the auditory fire alarm signals are very important to save the occupant’s life. In this study, the frequency analysis results of fire engine alarm are investigated. Noise level of middle size fire engine is higher more than small and large size fire engine. An alarms of fire engine are YELP, HI-LO, WAIL, PA etc and main frequency range are consist with two parts. The proposed method for subjective evaluation of fire engine are speech interference level and loudness level.

본 연구에서는 인천광역시의 37개 사업장(공장)을 대상으로 작업현장의 소음을 측정 및 분석하여 소음이 화재경보음 인지에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 측정결과 평균소음이 95.8dB(A)나왔다. 이는 국내 경보장치 음량기준(화재경보음 발생장치에서 1m떨어진 곳에서 90dB이상)보다 5.8dB(A)높게 나왔다. 미국방화협회(NFPA)에 따르면 암소음(기기음)이 85dB(A)이거나 이상일 경우 화재경보음 인지정도가 미흡하기 때문에 다른 방법을 강구하도록 되어 있다. 또한 화재경보음은 암소음보다 15dB(A) 높아야 한다고 하고 있다. 따라서 주변의 환경을 무시한 획일적인 화재경보음 설계에 대해서 제도적 및 법적 개선이 필요하다고 사료된다.

본 논문에서는 해상 안개를 감지하여 선박 운항 시 선원들이 안전 운항을 할 수 있도록 알려주는 안개 경보 장치를 설계 및 제작하였다. 개발된 안개 경보 장치는 광전소자인 적외선 LED의 발광부와 수광부를 이용하여 센서부와 송수신 장치 모듈을 통합시켰으며, 수신 감도만을 이용하여 저전력 및 소형화하였다. 제작된 장치의 실험은 시정 1km 이내로 안개발생 기준을 습도 70 %로 하고 인공의 안개를 발생시켜 기준값을 초과하면 알람이 울리는 것을 실험에서 확인하였다. 개발된 장치를 선박에 적용할 경우, 짙은 안개에 따른 안전사고에 신속히 대응 할 수 있을 것이다.

The automatic fire detection system is an important facility installed with focusing on minimizing the damage from a fire. This paper presents in the followings as the methods to reduce the false alarm of the automatic fire detection system; first, to prepare for legal standard so that revised legal standard can be applied to the fire fighting property prior to revision; second, to introduce the performance based fire detection protection design in the law based fire protection design; third, to maintain the wiring of worn-out detector; forth, to introduce an evaluation system to the education for the fire warden; fifth, to extend the standard of MTBF(meantime between failure) of the detector; sixth, to extend of installing the analog type detector; seventh, to improve the structure of reset switch.

The objective of this GM Red-X project was to reduce customer complaints on Kalos, Lacetti, Magnus as reported through 2004.1 - 2005.1 warranty performance. Seatbelt alarm lamp mal-function problem is connected with safety. So it is critical issue. Seatbelt alarm lamp mal-function which caused by buckle occurred 22 cases from 2004.1 to 2005.1.

선박의 항해 계기들의 기술이 발전됨에 따라 많은 장비들이 개발되고 있으나 여전히 인간과실에 의한 해양 사고는 지속적으로 발생하고 있는 현실에서, 인간과실에 의한 사고를 감소시키기 위하여 선교의 항해 계기들은 인간공학적적으로 배치, 설계되었는지가 많은 관심의 대상이 되고 있다 선교 내 여러 계기들의 알람장치는 선교 근무자에게 그 알람 장치가 주고자 하는 정보를 가능한 빨리 인식하고 정확한 정보를 전달할 수 있도록 설계되어야 하며, 국제적으로 인간공학적 선교를 위한 알람장치(Bridge Alarm Management System : BAMS)의 필요성이 논의 되고 있으나 아직 실질적인 설계방법 등에 대해서는 논의가 이루어지고 있지 않다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 선박의 여러 설비 중 선교의 알람장치에 관한 인간공학적 개념의 설계에 대하여 알아보고 현재 개발, 운용 중인 인간공학적 통합선교시스템(Integrated Bridge System :IBS)의 선교통합알람장치(Ergonomic Integrated Bridge Alarm Management System : EIBAMS)에 관한 개념적인 설계를 제안하고자 한다.