For Korean nuclear fuel cycle project, it is necessary to design and evaluate the integrity of spent fuel storage. For the design and evaluation of spent fuel storage, it is necessary to evaluate the properties of various materials used in spent fuel storage. The materials previously considered in the design of nuclear power plants were limited to static properties and were listed in design and manufacturing code and standards. However, for the evaluation of the storage containers in scenarios such as transportation and events, dynamic material property evaluations are required. Research on the dynamic properties of materials is generally conducted in the fields of automotive and aerospace, and most of the studies are on metal materials under sheet conditions. Since the structural materials of the storage containers for used nuclear fuel are mostly composed of thick materials, consideration should be given to property evaluation methodology and quantitative comparison. In this study, the mechanical properties of stainless steel material with canister application were evaluated according to the strain rate, and the crack resistance evaluation was also performed. It was confirmed the changes in strength and crack resistance according to the increase in strain rate and observed differences in microstructural hardening behavior.

In this study, the high-temperature oxidation properties of austenitic 316L stainless steel manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is investigated and compared with conventional 316L manufactured by hot rolling (HR). The initial microstructure of LPBF-SS316L exhibits a molten pool ~100 μm in size and grains grown along the building direction. Isotropic grains (~35 μm) are detected in the HR-SS316L. In high-temperature oxidation tests performed at 700oC and 900oC, LPBF-SS316L demonstrates slightly superior high-temperature oxidation resistance compared to HR-SS316L. After the initial oxidation at 700oC, shown as an increase in weight, almost no further oxidation is observed for both materials. At 900oC, the oxidation weight displays a parabolic trend and both materials exhibit similar behavior. However, at 1100oC, LPBF-SS316L oxidizes in a parabolic manner, but HR-SS316L shows a breakaway oxidation behavior. The oxide layers of LPBF-SS316L and HR-SS316L are mainly composed of Cr2O3, Febased oxides, and spinel phases. In LPBF-SS316L, a uniform Cr depletion region is observed, whereas a Cr depletion region appears at the grain boundary in HR-SS316L. It is evident from the results that the microstructure and the hightemperature oxidation characteristics and behavior are related.

Selective laser melting (SLM), a type of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, leads a global manufacturing trend by enabling the design of geometrically complex products with topology optimization for optimized performance. Using this method, three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design (CAD) data components can be built up directly in a layer-by-layer fashion using a high-energy laser beam for the selective melting and rapid solidification of thin layers of metallic powders. Although there are considerable expectations that this novel process will overcome many traditional manufacturing process limits, some issues still exist in applying the SLM process to diverse metallic materials, particularly regarding the formation of porosity. This is a major processing-induced phenomenon, and frequently observed in almost all SLM-processed metallic components. In this study, we investigate the mechanical anisotropy of SLM-produced 316L stainless steel based on microstructural factors and highly-oriented porosity. Tensile tests are performed to investigate the microstructure and porosity effects on mechanical anisotropy in terms of both strength and ductility.

Cubic boron nitride (c-BN) is a promising material for use in many potential applications because of its outstanding physical properties such as high thermal stability, high abrasive wear resistance, and super hardness. Even though 316L austenitic stainless steel (STS) has poor wear resistance causing it to be toxic in the body due to wear and material chips, 316L STS has been used for implant biomaterials in orthopedics due to its good corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. Therefore, in the present study, c-BN films with a B4C layer were applied to a 316L STS specimen in order to improve its wear resistance. The deposition of the c-BN films was performed using an r.f. (13.56 MHz) magnetron sputtering system with a B4C target. The coating layers were characterized using XPS and SEM, and the mechanical properties were investigated using a nanoindenter. The friction coefficient of the c-BN coated 316L STS steel was obtained using a pin-on-disk according to the ASTM G163-99. The thickness of the obtained c-BN and B4C were about 220 nm and 630 nm, respectively. The high resolution XPS spectra analysis of B1s and N1s revealed that the c-BN film was mainly composed of sp3 BN bonds. The hardness and elastic modulus of the c-BN measured by the nanoindenter were 46.8 GPa and 345.7 GPa, respectively. The friction coefficient of the c-BN coated 316L STS was decreased from 3.5 to 1.6. The wear property of the c-BN coated 316L STS was enhanced by a factor of two.

For the austenitic stainless steel (304L) manufactured by metal injection molding(MIM), the effects of copper content and sintering temperature on the mechanical properties, antibacterial activities, corrosion resistance, and electric resistances were investigated. The specimens were prepared by injection molding of the premixed powders of water-atomized 304 L and Cu with poly-acetyl binders. The green compacts were prepared with various copper contents from 0 to 10 wt.% Cu, which were debound thermally at 873 K for 7.2 ks in gas atmosphere and subsequently sintered at various temperatures from 1323 K to 1623 K for 7.2 ks in Ar gas atmosphere. The relative density and tensile strength of the sintered compacts showed the minimum values at 5 and 8 wt.% Cu, respectively. Both the relative density and the tensile strength of the specimen with 10 wt.% Cu sintered at 1373 K showed the highest values, higher than those of copper-free specimen. Antibacterial activities investigated by the plastic film contact printing method for bacilli and the quantitative analysis of copper ion dissolved in water increased as the increase of the copper content to stainless steels. It was also verified by the measurement of pitting potential that the copper addition in 304 L could improve the corrosion resistance. Furthermore the electric conductivity increased with the increase of copper content.

Densificationbehavior of conventional austenitic stainless steel powder compacts was studied by comparing the relative density of sintered compact(Ds)with that of green compacts(Dg)prepared with various catbon contents and P/M process. Dg of 304and 316 powders by warm compaction under pressure of 686 MPa at heating temperature of powder(553K) and dies (573K) were 80% and 81%, repectively, whichwere 2 and 3% higher than those of conventional green compacts at the same pressure. Ds of 304 compacts sintered at 1373K in H2 gas has the same value of 84% max. regardless of compacting temperature, and Ds of 316 compacts at the same sintering conditions were 80% by conventional compaction and 83% by warm compaction. Oxygen contents of 304 and 316 sintered compacts were increased 1.43∼2.94% and 0.010∼0.921% higher than those of raw powders and warm green compacts, respectively. In other case, Ds of 316 compacts sintered at 1573K in vacuum had the same value of 86%max. And Ds of 316 compacts at the same sintering conditions were 83% and 86% by conventional and warm compaction, respectively. Oxygen contents of 304 sintered compacts were 0.321% and 0.360%, and in case of 316, they were 0.419% and 0.182% by the respective compating condition. With carbon additions in the range 0.1∼0.6% Ds increased to the extent of 86∼89% in 304 sintered compacts, and to 82∼84% and 85∼87% in 316 according to different two compacting peocesses compared to those of sintered compacts without carbon addition.

본 연구에서는 오스테나이트계 스테인리스 강재(STS 304)에 대해 NaCl 환경 중에서 틈부식 특성을 연구하기 위해, 정전압 분극장치에 의해 분극특성시험을 실시하여 NaCl 용액의 농도에 따른 STS 304 강재의 틈부식에 의한 분극 거동에 대해 연구한 결과는 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 틈부위는 심하게 부식되고 틈의 인접한 외부 표면은 부동태화된다. 2) 오스테나이트계 스테인리스강재인 STS 304 강재는 분극거동에 있어서 부식 전위는 3.5% NaCl까지 농도가 증가할수록 귀전위화되다가 농도가 3.5%이상으로 증가할수록 오히려 비전위화된다. 3) 부식 전위하에 전류밀도는 NaCl 농도가 3.5%까지 증가할수록 더 많이 배류되다가 3.5% 이상으로 증가할수록 오히려 더 적게 배류된다.(이 논문의 결론(요약) 부분임)

LiCl 및 LiCl/Li2O 용융염분위기에서 오스테나이트 스테인레스강, SUS 316L과 SUS 304L의 부식특성을 650­~850˚C 온도범위에서 조사하였다. SUS 316L과 304L의 부식층은 외부 Li(CrFe)O2와 내부 Cr2O3의 2층 구조를 형성하였다. LiCl 용융염중에서는 균일한 부식충이 형성되지만, LiCl/Li2O 혼합용융염중에서는 균일한 부식충 형성외에 업계부식이 발생되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 750˚C까지 온도 증가에 따른 부식속도의 증가속도는 느리고, 750˚C 이상에서는 부식속도가 급격히 증가하였다. 용융염분위기에서 SUS 316L은 SUS 304L에 비하여 부식속도가 느려셔 보다 좋은 내식성을 나타내였다.

Concept of primary solidification mode control was adopted to obtain optimal solidification crack resistance, hot ductility, corrosion resistance and toughness for austenitic stainless steel. By controlling primary solidification phase as primary δ and containing no ferrite at room temperature, optimal solidification crack resistance, hot ductility, corrosion resistance and cryogenic toughness could be obtained. The optimum chemical composition of austenitic stainless steel ranges 1.46~1.55(Creq/Nieq ratio) calculated by Schaeffler's equation.

스테인리스강은 최근에 다양한 구조 부재와 산업분야에서 스테인리스강의 상용이 증가하고 있다. 그러나 스테인리스강은 건축구조기준에 구조재료로 포함되어 있지 않고 해당 설계기준은 규정되어 있지 않다. 본 논문에서는 오스테나이트계 스테인리스강 STS304로 제작된 이면전단 볼트접합부에 대한 실험적을 수행되었다. 주요 변수는 볼트배열과 하중방향 연단거리로 설정하였다. 실험 결과, 순단면파단과 블록전단파단이 발생하였고, 블록전단파단 접합부의 경우연단거리가 증가함에 따라 내력이 증가하였다. 또한, 현행 기준식에 의한 예측내력과 실험 내력을 비교하였다.

Recently, since stainless steels have important properties such as superior durability, fire resistance and corrosion resistance, they are widely used as non-structural element as well as structural element in building construction. In this study, experimental studies have been performed to investigate the structural behaviors such as ultimate strength and fracture mode of double shear two-bolted connection and four-bolted connection with austenitic stainless steel(STS304) and varied end distance. In case of two-bolted connection, all of specimens showed block shear fracture. And four-bolted connection failed by block shear fracture or net section fracture at test end.

This study focused on the ultimate behaviors(ultimate strength and fracture mode ) of single shear bolted connection with austenitic sainless steel(STS201) and curling effect on the ultimate strength using finite element analysis based on test results. Main variables are end distance in the parallel direction to loading and edge distance in the perpendicular direction to loading. The validation of finite element analysis procedures was verified through the comparisons of ultimate strength, fracture mode and curling(out-of-plane deformation) occurrence between test results and numerical predictions. Curling was observed in both test and analysis results and it reduced the ultimate strength of single- shear bolted connections with relatively long end distances. Strength reduction ratios caused by curling were estimated quantitatively by maximum 19%, 32%, respectively for specimens with edge distance, 48 mm and 60 mm compared with strengths of uncurled connections with restrained out-of-plane deformation. Finally, analysis strengths were compared with current design strengths and it is found that design block shear equations did not provide the accurate predictions for bolted connections with strength reduction by curling.

This study focused on the ultimate strength and curling effect on the strength of single shear bolted connection with austenitic sainless steel (STS201) using finite element analysis. The validation of finite element analysis was verified through the comparisons of ultimate strength and fracture mode between existing test results and numerical predictions. Curling (out-of-plane deformation) was observed in both test and analysis and it reduced the ultimate strength of single shear bolted connections with relatively long end distances. Strength reduction ratio caused by curling was estimated quantitatively by maximum 19%, 32%, respectively for specimens with edge distance, 48mm and 60mm compared with strengths of uncurled connections with restrained out-of-plane deformation.

Ultimate behaviors such as ultimate strength and fracture mechanism of fillet-welded connections with TIG(tungsten inert gas) welding have been investigated through test results. Main variables of specimens are weld length and welding direction against loading and ultimate strengths were compared according to the variables. Ultimate strengths were compared with current design predictions and modified design equations were proposed to consider the strength difference according to welding direction.

Austenitic stainless steels have excellent corrosion resistance, durability, aesthetic appeal, fire resistance etc. compared with ferritic stainless steels and so especially 304 stainless steels have been utilized widely in the exterior member of building structure. In this paper, ultimate behaviors such as ultimate strength and fracture mechanism of fillet-welded connections with TIG(tungsten inert gas) welding have been investigated through test results. Main variables of specimens are weld length and welding direction against loading and ultimate strengths were compared according to the variables.

This paper is to investigate the stress-strain curves for STS 201 austenitic stainless steel over the full strain range. Ramberg-Osgood expression can be used to predict the stress-strain curve up to the 0.2% proof stress. Rasmussen and Shin have developed the approach for stress-strain curve of stainless steels beyond 0.2% proof stress based on the Ramberg-Osgood concept. However, for STS201 stainless steel, two existing concepts were not available for predicting the curves and therefore modified method was discussed in this paper.