본 연구는 혁신 기술이 적용된 새로운 지급결제 방식인 모바일 간편결제 서비스가 제공하는 혜택이 서비스에 대한 소비자의 반응(구전 및 사용의도)에 미치는 영향에 대해 검증하였다. 본 연구는 모바일 간편결제 서비스의 지각된 혜택을 단일 변수가 아닌 다차원적인 변수로 검증하여 실효성 있는 혜택을 확인하였다는데 학문적/실무적 의의를 갖는다. 본 연구에서는 모바일 간편결제 서비스가 제공하는 혜택을 지각된 실용적 혜택(편리성, 경제성, 정보성)과 지각된 유희적 혜택(즐거움, 경험성, 인식성)으로 나눠 측정하였다. 더불어, 사회적 영향요인이 혜택과 사용의도 및 구전과의 관계에 미치는 조절효과를 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 실증적 분석을 위해 모바일 간편 결제 서비스를 경험해 본 적 있는 미국 내 성인 소비자 312명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 연구모형에 대한 가설을 검증하였다. 가설 검증 결과, 모바일 간편 결제 서비스의 편리성, 경제성, 즐거움은 소비자의 긍정적인 구전을 형성하는데 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났지만, 사용의도에는 유희적 혜택 중 인식성만이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 모바일 간편 결제 서비스의 선발 국가이자 가장 큰 시장을 형성하고 있는 미국시장에 대한 분석으로 모바일 간편결제 서비스 시작하는 후발 국가에서 효과적인 전략을 수립하는데 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

Background: Cervical mobilization has been applied mainly for the improvement of arm and neck movements and pain reduction, and little research has been done to improve the executive function. Since this kind of so-called mechanical neck pain is one of most common symptoms, there are controversial issues about this with spine alignment. Posteroanterior (PA) mobilization from the Maitland concept is a process of examination, assessment, and treatment of neuromusculoskeletal disorder by manipulative physical therapy. Objective: To examine the short-term benefits of mobilization for patients with non-specific neck pain. Design: Dual-group Pretest-Posttest Design from the Quasi-Experimental research Methods: Fourteen participants (male 8, female 6; 20’s of their age) with nonspecific neck pains which are distributed all the unilateral or bilateral body side were recruited. Participants were categorized to Neck Pain with Movement Coordination Impairments (NPMCI) and Neck Pain with Mobility Deficits (NPMD) groups according to the results of physical examination. Professional physical therapist who has over 15-years-of clinical experience applicated manipulative therapy for the neck pain, an occupational therapist only conducted evaluations; K-NDI (Korean version of the Neck Disability Index), VAS (Visual Analog Scale), BDS-K (Korean version of Behavioral Dyscontrol Scale) for decreasing possible adverse effects; there were no person who reported other symptoms followed 4 weeks from the trial. Results: In the NPMCI group, data analysis indicated statistical differences between the PA mobilization interventions in NDI and BDS-K; even though, pain was reduced in VAS, this is not a significantly differ. In the NPMD group, data analysis represented statistical differences between the PA mobilization interventions in NDI, VAS and BDS-K; the scores were represented to be increased or the pain got relief. Conclusions: PA mobilization techniques according to Maitland concept have beneficial effects in patients with neck pain and other clinical positive effects which included neck disability, pain itself and motor function of upper extremity.

The marine industry contributes a large proportion of the air pollutant emissions along coastal regions, and this air pollution has been strongly linked to cardiovascular diseases and other illnesses. To alleviate the problem, many ports have installed alternative maritime power (AMP) facilities that enable onboard marine auxiliary engines with generators (gensets) to be shut down while a ship is at berth. This study compared the emissions from conventional gensets with those from AMP facilities, focusing on four emission types: greenhouse gases (GHG), sulphur oxides (SOX), nitrogen oxides (NOX), and particulate matter (PM). Both direct (combustion / operation) and indirect (upstream) emissions were considered together for the emission comparison. The results showed that AMP has lower emissions than conventional onboard gensets, and this benefit is highly dependent on the electricity generation mix onshore. On average, GHG emissions could be reduced by about 18.3 %, while the other emissions (SOX, NOX, and PM) would decrease more dramatically (88.4 %, 90.1 %, and 91.5 %, respectively). Additionally, future benefits of the AMP would increase due to the expansion of renewable energies. Thus, this study supports the potential of AMP as a promising solution for environmental concerns at ports worldwide.

Many studies utilizing dogs, cats, birds, fish, and robotic simulations of animals have tried to ascertain the health benefits of pet ownership or animal-assisted therapy in the elderly. Several small unblinded investigations outlined improvements in behavior in demented persons given treatment in the presence of animals. Studies piloting the use of animals in the treatment of depression and schizophrenia have yielded mixed results. Animals may provide intangible benefits to the mental health of older persons, such as relief social isolation and boredom, but these have not been formally studied. Several investigations of the effect of pets on physical health suggest animals can lower blood pressure, and dogwalkers partake in more physical activity. Dog walking, in epidemiological studies and few preliminary trials, is associated with lower complication risk among patients with cardiovascular disease. Pets may also have harms: they may be expensive to care for, and their owners are more likely to fall. Theoretically, zoonotic infections and bites can occur, but how often this occurs in the context of pet ownership or animal-assisted therapy is unknown. Despite the poor methodological quality of pet research after decades of study, pet ownership and animal-assisted therapy are likely to continue due to positive subjective feelings many people have toward animals.

본 연구는 창업실패관련 지각된 혜택이 창업의도에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구하고, 두 변수와의 관계에 서 창업자기효능감이 매개변수로서의 영향을 미치는지와 창업경험유무가 조절변수로서의 영향을 미치는 지를 확인하고자 했다. 본 연구의 표본은 서울 소재 대학 창업보육센터 졸업기업 대표자 및 청년창업센터 창업가, 대학교 창업 강좌 수강생으로, 552명을 표본으로 수집하였다. 수집된 표본을 대상으로 타당성 및 신뢰성을 검증하였고, 단순회귀분석, 매개효과 및 조절효과 분석을 통해 가설을 검증하였다. 분석한 결과, 창업실패관련 지각된 혜택은 창업의도와 창업자기효능감에 유의한 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 창업자기효능감은 창업의도에 유의한 영향을 미치며, 창업실패관련 지각된 혜택과 창업의도 사이를 매개함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 창업경험유무는 창업실패관련 지각된 혜택과 창업자기효능감 사이에서 조절변수로서 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 연구의 결과에서 창업실패관련 지각된 혜택, 즉 창업지원정책이 창업실패 예방에 유용하다는 인지가 창업의도와 창업자기효능감을 제고하므로 창업지원 사업의 유용성에 대한 인지제고가 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 창업자기효능감은 직접 창업의도를 제고하고, 창업실패관련 지각된 혜택과 창업의도를 매 개하므로, 창업자기효능감을 제고하기 위해 정부 및 지방자치단체가 창업지원 사업계획을 수립할 때, PBL, Cash-class 등 창업자기효능감 제고에 다양한 시도가 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 창업경험유무가 창업실패관련 지각된 혜택과 창업자기효능감 사이를 조절하므로 창업경험이 있는 창업자에 창업지원 사업의 유용성을 집중적으로 홍보할 필요가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 위와 같은 연구의 결과는 창업지원 관련 정책효과 제고를 위한 홍보방안 등에 대한 실무측면에서의 시사점을 제공한다.

This research aims to shed a light on the benefits and perceived risks to the willingness to use perceived by consumers, centering on design-customizing service catering to individuals’ tastes and needs, and to study their impacts on the use of a design-customizing service. The validation of how benefits and perceived risks affect the intention to use showed that only aesthetic and self-expressive benefits had significant impacts on the willingness to use. However, only time/economic loss and self-design risks had negative impacts on the willingness to use a service. By gender, there was no difference in benefits and perceived risks to willingness to use for the benefit factors, whereas in terms of perceived risks to willingness to use factors. By age, there were also differences in the effects of benefits and perceived risks to purchase on the willingness to use a rash guard customizing service. There were variations in the perceived risks to the willingness to use and benefits depending on age. In particular, it was found that there were no perceived risks to the willingness to use for the age group of 10s. As design-customizing services based on individual tastes have drawn more attention recently, this research on the benefits and perceived risks to purchasing a rash guard design customizing service, as well as their effects on service use (particularly backed up by comparative analysis by gender and age), is expected to provide insights into design-customizing service strategy development.

The paper provides a context to the reasons why there may be benefits in revitalising the original method of teaching costume construction for performance, reporting on reflections from personal experience and a relevant literature review to support the concept. It outlines the research to date and the following research stages.

Since the late 1980s, information communication and technology (ICT) have reshaped the landscape of the tourism industry (Buhalis & Law, 2008). Thanks to the Web 2.0 technology, tourism practitioners have never been this close to their customers over social media platforms. According to Kaplan and Haenlein (2010), social media refers to “a group of Internet-based applications which build on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0 and that allow the creation and exchange of User Generated Content” (p. 61). In line with this definition, electronic social networks, user-generated content aggregators, as well as location-based applications are all typical social media platforms, across which enable customers to create, edit, and share content. The increasingly growing social media platforms have greatly facilitated implementations of customer engagement strategies for organizations. As a psychological state, customer engagement is featured by interactive customer experiences with an organization, which encourage psychological, emotional, and physical investment a customer has in the organization (Harrigan, Evers, Miles, & Daly, 2017). In the tourism and hospitality context, customer engagement strategies are as critical in strengthening customer loyalty, trust, and brand evaluations (So, King, & Sparks, 2016). Useful insights have been gained relating to conceptualization and measurement scale of customer engagement, organizational and cultural obstacles to consumer engagement within hotel organizations (Chathoth et al., 2014), customer engagement in a social media context alongside the process of recognition (Cabiddu et al., 2014). Underlying the practical and theoretical significance of customer engagement lies the subjective nature of views on the social media platforms. Goh, Heng, and Lin (2014) recognized that engagement in social media brand communities positively lead to enhanced purchase expenditures through embedded information and persuasion. Quantitively, the persuasive effect of user generated information is at least 22 times more than that of marketer’s in terms of marginal effect. Although previous research has examined consequences of consumer engagement, there has been less attention paid to its causes. Meanwhile, as far as Brodie et al. (2011) were concerned, the persistency of consumer-brand engagement is contingent on an assessment of tangible and intangible costs against possible benefits such as product news and offers. Therefore, identification of these benefits can offer supplementary insights into current literature of consumer engagement. The current study utilizes the self-determination theory to uncover how engagement in social media activities is facilitated by consumers’ intrinsic motivators and what psychological benefits can consumer obtain from such engagement, as either psychological state or process (Brodie et al., 2011). Research subjects in this study are Chinese social media users. According to eMarketer’s (2017) estimated that more than 80 percent of Internet users in China (i.e., around 626 million people) accessed social networks regularly in 2017. The importance of tapping this massive market can never be overestimated.

The authors propose that consumers’ shopping styles influence online perceived benefits and risks in online shopping. An empirical test of the models provide support for the majority of the hypothesized relationships and a better understanding of the effects of consumers’ shopping on perceived benefits and risks in online shopping.

Deforestation such as illegal logging and forest fires has caused a big disadvantage for surrounding people. In general, the losses were disasters such as floods, landslides and droughts. Disaster is something that causes damage, loss or misery (The Big Dictionary of Indonesian Language, 1996). Gendol hill is a forest area that has experienced disasters caused by forest destruction. Among the disasters occurred in Gendol hill area was drought or difficulty in fulfilment of the need of fresh water. A number of springs have been drying up after the destruction of Gendol forest in 1963. Efforts to restore the forest by reforestation or replanting have been conducted since a long time by the government (Perhutani) with planting of pine trees (Pinus merkusii). Since 1996, trees of Moraceae family were also planted gradually by local person. Three species from the Moraceae family that have been planted are Ficus benyamina, Ficus annulata, Ficus retusa, Ficus recemosa, Ficus microcara etc. By 2016, at least 4000 trees species from Moraceae family have been planted together thousands other species. Based steps of planting, there are three groups of Moraceae family trees in Gendol hill. They are tree groups aged 15-20 years, 10-15 years and 1-10 years (Anonimous, 2016) The case study aimed to get information of Moraceae family trees plantation benefits in emergence of springs. Observation, in-depth interview, documentation and study literature were conducted for this study in April 2016. Observation of the field conditions (vegetation and springs conditions) was conducted to obtain description of the location and springs condition. In depth Interview has conducted by interviewing of key persons to obtain historical information (forest destruction, loss of springs, replanting efforts, and re-emergence of springs). In-depth interview also aimed to get information about the benefits received by local people from the emergence of springs. While documentation in the form of photos of vegetation conditions and springs was taken to get more descriptions. To complete this research, we has also taken secondary data from related parties and some literatures. Furthermore, the collected data analyzed by descriptive-qualitative analysis method. The results showed that the planting of Moraceae family trees such as Ficus benyamina, Ficus annulata Blume, and Ficus retusa L. had a real benefit in emergence of springs on study site including re-emergence of died springs. There are many springs appearing in both large and small sizes. Five springs in quite large size appearing around the Moraceae family trees stand on the slopes of Gendol hill after 17 years of planting. The water yield of each springs was directly proportional to the amount and size of Moraceae family trees around the springs. The water discharge (outflow) of springs under 5 trees with height average 14 m and diameter 25 cm is bigger than the springs under 3 trees with height average 12 m and diameter 20 cm. The emergence of springs in Gendol hills has brought many benefits to the lives of the surrounding people. Based on descriptive analysis, the benefits for local community are; 1) Fulfilment of fresh water needs for at least 800 families of local communities (at least 240,000 litters / day), 2) Increasing of water availability for irrigating rice fields (from 1 harvest / year to become 3 harvest / year) so that people income around Gendol hill increased, 3) Increasing of public awareness in planting / greening including local government, 4) Appearing of tourism service potential that may be developed by local government together local people . Therefore, advanced research or applied research is suggested to be conducted for assessing the effect of Moraceae family trees on all aspects (vegetation, soil, hydrology and socio-economic). The research suggested are; a) The characteristics of vegetation on the springs area and their relation with springs, b) The effect of Moraceae family trees on water yield, c)Affecting factors in the springs sustainability (physical, socio-economic and institutional, d) Environmental services analysis of Springs management.

본 연구는 사회적기업에 대한 관심이 높아짐에 따라, 일반 소비자들의 사회적기업 제품 구매 및 관심을 증대시키기 위하여, 기존 사회적기업 제품 구매경험을 가진 소비자들을 연구하고자 한다. 사회적기업 소비자가 제품을 구매하는 대가로 현장에서 제공받는 다양한 주관적 보상의 개념인 관계혜택이 재구매나 추천의도 등 고객행동에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 한다. 또한 개인이 해당 사회적기업 제품을 생산, 판매하는 사회적기업과의 동일시 정도가 관계혜택(사회적 혜택, 특별우대 혜택, 확신적 혜택)과 고객행동(재구매의도, 추천의도)간의 관계를 매개할 수 있음을 검증하고자 한다. 본 연구의 가설검증결과는 다음과 같다. 가설 1은 관계혜택(사회적 혜택, 특별우대 혜택, 확신적 혜택)이 고객행동(재구매의도, 추천의도)에 정(+)의 영향을 미칠 것이다이며, 검증 결과 가설 1은 부분채택되었다. 구체적으로 재구매의도에 영향을 미치는 변수는 사회적 혜택과 확신적 혜택이며, 추천의도에 영향을 미치는 변수는 확신적 혜택이었다. 가설 2는 관계혜택(사회적 혜택, 특별우대 혜택, 확신적 혜택)이 개인-기업 동일시에 정(+)의 영향을 미칠것이다이며, 검증 결과 가설 2는 채택되었다. 가설 3은 개인-기업 동일시는 고객행동에 정(+)의 영향을 미칠 것이다이며, 검증 결과 가설3은 채택되었다. 가설 4는 개인-조직 동일시가 관계혜택(사회적 혜택, 특별우대 혜택, 확신적 혜택)과 고객행동과의 관계에 매개효과를 나타낼 것이다이며, 검증 결과 가설 4는 부분채택되었다. 구체적으로 개인-기업동일시는 사회적 혜택 및 확신적 혜택과 재구매의도 간의 관계를 매개하였고, 확신적 혜택과 추천의도 간의 관계를 매개하였다. 본 연구의 목적달성을 위한 분석결과, 사회적기업 마케팅 측면에서 개인-기업 동일시, 관계혜택에 집중한 전략을 수립하고, 시행함으로써 재구매와 추천의도와 같은 고객의 구매행동을 기대할 수 있다는 시사점을 제공하였다는데 의의가 있다. 끝으로 본 연구의 한계와 향후 연구방안을 제언하였다.

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 여러 산업의 선행연구들을 통하여 고객에게 제공되는 관계효익의 개념을 경제적 효익, 고객화효익, 사회적효익, 심리적효익으로 구분하여 전환장벽과 재구매의도에 미치는 영향에 대하여 확인하고자 하였다. 방법: 본 연구는 안경원에서 안경테, 안경렌즈, 콘택트렌즈를 구입하였던 347명의 고객을 대상으로 설문 조사하고 그 데이터를 분석하였다. 데이터 분석은 SPSS 18.0 통계프로그램을 이용하여 빈도분석, 요인분석, 회귀분석을 실시하여 안경원의 관계효익과 전환장벽, 재구매의도에 관한 연구 가설을 검증하였다. 결과: 첫째, 관계효익 중 심리적효익과 고객화효익이 전환장벽 형성에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 관 계효익 중 세 요인, 즉 심리적효익, 경제적효익, 고객화효익이 재구매의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 전환장벽이 재구매의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구에서는 안경원의 관계효익 중에서 심리적효익이 전환장벽과 재구매의도에 중요한 역할을 하 는 것과 관계효익의 네 요인 중 고객화효익이 전환장벽 형성과 재구매의도에 영향을 주는 것을 발견하였다. 경제적효익은 재구매의도 형성에만 영향을 미치므로 안경원 경영자는 안경사의 장기 근무를 위한 노력과 재 교육을 제공하여 고객관계관리를 통한 전환장벽 형성과 재구매의도를 높이려는 노력을 기울여야 할 것이다.

This study investigated multidimensional body image, self-esteem, clothing benefits sought, and Body Image After Breast Cancer (BIABC) within surgical subgroups among breast cancer survivors. The study applied the questionnaire survey method and the main research was conducted through an online survey. The respondents included 207 breast cancer survivors between the ages of 30 and 59, each of whom received the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ). Self-esteem, clothing benefits sought, examination, and demographic variables were measured using a 5-point Likert scale. The main results of this study are outlined below. For clothing benefit sought, six factors were formulated—pursuit of self-expression/social approval, function/health, compensation, femininity, fashion, and camouflage—and BIABC was defined by the four factors of body stigma/vulnerability, transparency, limitation and cancer concern. While MBSRQ and self-esteem did not show a statistically significant difference between groups differentiated by the surgical methods experienced, those who underwent mastectomies scored slightly lower than members of the other groups. Moreover, the reconstruction after mastectomy group showed the highest mean on self-expression/social approval, compensation, femininity and entire clothing benefits sought, followed by the lumpectomy group and mastectomy group. The lumpectomy group was found to have more positive BIABC than the mastectomy group. In particular, the mastectomy group showed a lower body stigma/vulnerability mean than the other groups. This study is meaningful in that it improves our understanding of the body image of breast cancer survivors and provides basic knowledge for developing products and marketing strategies for breast cancer survivors as consumers.

It is essential to provide good environment for juvenile fish to grow and spawn in order to keep reproduction mechanism of fisheries resources. However, harvesting juvenile fish deprives adult fish of the opportunity to reproduce, thereby changing self-regulating renewable resources into non-renewable ones and preventing sustainable harvesting as well as reducing fishers’ income. We reviewed the catch status of Korea on juvenile mackerel and analyzed how reducing the catch ratio of juvenile mackerel may affect the spawning stock and Korean fishermen's revenue. In addition, we analyzed the problem of caching juvenile mackerel in Korean fisheries and current efforts to protect and reduce the catch ratio of juvenile mackerel in Korea. Furthermore, we suggested future efforts to protect juvenile mackerel. The result of the study showed that reducing the catch ratio of juvenile mackerel from 44.4% to 30.0% would increase fishers’ revenue by 60.6 billion KRW. We suggest the changing of purse seine fishery’s catching methods from night operation to day operation, relocation of fishing vessels to move to other fishing grounds when fishing vessels meet high density of juvenile mackerel, and consumers’ clever choice of consuming adult mackerel in order to accelerate the move toward protecting juvenile mackerel in Korea.

The aim of this paper is to identify the potential benefits and obstacles of the interstate Short Sea Shipping (SSS) operation in the archipelagic Southeast Asia sub-region. Although literature has addressed a myriad of benefits and obstacles that were caused by the SSS operation as an alternative mode to unimodal land transport, it has been recognised that each SSS corridor may have its own peculiarities. Therefore, the identification of the potential benefits and obstacles through a Delphi survey among sub-regional expert respondents is expected to inform the countries of Southeast Asia on how to direct their limited resources to address the obstacles identified in order to enable a viable interstate SSS operation. The initial review of the benefits and obstacles of SSS operations will focus on case studies performed in Europe as the breadth of literature on SSS outside Europe is still limited. Hence, this study addresses the gap in the literature by focusing on SSS in archipelagic Southeast Asia particularly those involving interstate Ro-Ro operations and extending the usage of Delphi technique to the realm of interstate SSS.

본 연구는 임산부들이 적극적으로 사회적 보호와 배려를 받을 수 있도록 LED를 이용한 임산부 배려 LED 엠블럼(이 하 LED 엠블럼)을 개발하여 효과를 검증한 것이다. 조사자는 LED 엠블럼을 착용한 연구원과 그 반응을 확인하는 연구원 2명으로 2015년 1월 20∼30일 사이에 서울지하철에서 실시하였다. 실험 방법은 LED 엠블럼을 착용 후 2가지의 다른 착용위치(ⓐ목걸이식 착용 ⓑ가방 부착)와 LED엠블럼의 빛의 활용 상태는 3가지의 경우로(①빛을 일정하게 켰을 경우, ②빛이 없는 경우(일반 임산부 배려 엠블럼과 같은 상태), ③빛의 밝음 상태가 1초 간격을 두고 서서히 점멸하는 경우)로, 각각 10번씩 총 60번을 실시하였다. 실험결과 빛의 상태에 따라 양보 받음에 대하여 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 가장 많은 양보를 받은 빛의 상태는 ①빛을 일정하게 켰을 경우로 8번(12.4%)의 양보이며, ③빛의 점멸상태에 서는 2번(3.4%)의 양보가 있었고, ②빛이 없는 경우에는 전혀 양보를 받지 못하였다. 한편 착용 위치에 대한 유의한 차이는 없었으며 이 밖에 시간대, 혼잡정도, 남녀 성별의 차이에 대하여서도 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구는 LED 엠블럼을 통해 임산부를 위한 좌석양보의 자발적 배려 행동을 유도하기 위해서는 빛을 일정하게 할 필요가 있음을 제안한다.

수산양식어업은 수산생물질병을 어떻게 효과적으로 관리하느냐가 매우 중요하다. 이 논문은 경 제적 잉여분석을 이용하여 수산생물질병방역사업에 대한 경제적 편익의 직접적 효과를 추정하 는 것이다. 이와 같은 경제적 편익은 수산생물사망 감소율과 수산생물질병감소로 인해 발생하 는 소비자잉여와 생산자잉여의 변화 정도를 포함한다. 연구결과 양식되는 넙치, 볼락 및 기타 어류의 생산자잉여에 대한 연간 변화액은 총 23.3억원(각각의 경우 8.7억원, 10.1억원, 4.5억원) 이고, 소비자잉여의 연간 변화액은 총 101.5억원(각각의 경우 63.6억원, 18.5억원, 19.4억원)으로 추정되었다. 따라서, 수산생물질병방역사업에 따른 연간 총 경제적 편익은 125억원 수준으로 평가된다.

경제성장에도 불구하고 사회구성원들의 삶의 질 향상에 대한 의문이 제기되어 왔는데, 특히 빈민의 경우에는 더욱 그러하다. 이러한 빈곤에 대한 사회적 책임을 이행하기 위한 공공부조는 국민의 최저생활을 보호 하기 위한 최후의 사회안전망이다. 본 연구에서는 공공부조법상 절차적 권리, 그 중에서도 특히 사회복지 급여쟁송권에 대한 내용을 파악하기 위해 국민기초생활보장법, 의료급여 법, 긴급복지지원법, 장애인연금법, 기초연금법 등의 심사단계 및 기관, 신청기간 및 신청방법, 결정기간 등을 살펴보았다. 그 결과 현행 공공부 조 권리구제는 형식적 요건은 일정부분 갖추었다고 할지라도 그 실효성 을 담보할 수 있는 내용적 측면의 보강과 개선이 시급한 것으로 판단된 다. 따라서 사회복지급여쟁송권의 실효성 확보를 통해 사회복지급여쟁송 권 자체가 사회적으로 배제되지 않도록 해야 할 것이다.