PURPOSES : For autonomous vehicles, abnormal situations, such as sudden changes in driving speed and sudden stops, may occur when they leave the operational design domain. This may adversely affect the overall traffic flow by affecting not only autonomous vehicles but also the driving environment of manual vehicles. Therefore, to minimize the traffic problems and adverse effects that may occur in mixed traffic situations involving manual and autonomous vehicles, an autonomous vehicle driving support system based on traffic operation optimization is required. The main purpose of this study was to build a big-data-classification system by specifying data classification to support the self-driving of Lv.4 autonomous vehicles and matching it with spatio-temporal data. METHODS : The research methodology is explained through a review of related literature, and a traffic management index and big-dataclassification system were built. After collecting and mapping the ITS history traffic information data of an actual Living Lab city, the data were classified using the traffic management indexing method. An AI-based model was used to automatically classify traffic management indices for real-time driving support of Lv.4 autonomous vehicles. RESULTS : By evaluating the AI-based model performance using the test data from the Living Lab city, it was confirmed that the data indexing accuracy was more than 98% for the KNN, Random Forest, LightGBM, and CatBoost algorithms, but not for Logistics Regression. The data were severely unbalanced, and it was necessary to classify very low probability nonconformities; therefore, precision is also important. All four algorithms showed similarly good performances in terms of accuracy. CONCLUSIONS : This paper presents a method for efficient data classification by developing a traffic management index to easily fuse and analyze traffic data collected from various institutions and big data collected from autonomous vehicles. Additionally, EdgeRSU is presented to support the driving of Lv.4 autonomous vehicles in mixed autonomous and manual vehicles traffic situations. Finally, a database was established by classifying data automatically indexed through AI-based models to quickly collect and use data in real-time in large quantities.

기존 항만 건설 시 화물차 전용 주차장이 고려되지 않았으며, 해양수산부의 ‘제2차 신항만건설기본계획(2019~2040)’에 따라 총 11 개의 새로운 항만이 건설될 예정이다. 따라서 화물차 전용 주차장 설계에 대한 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 현재 항만에서는 화물차 전용 주차 공간 부족으로 불법 주차가 발생하고 있으며, 이로 인해 교통사고 위험이 증가하고 있다. 기존 연구에서는 전체 항만을 대상으로 한 분류 방법이 제안되었으나, 신설 항만 설계 시 과소 또는 과대 설계 문제를 초래한다. 따라서 본 연구는 부두별로 4대 요소(안벽 길이, 야적장 면적, 접안 능력, 하역 능력)를 기반으로 분류하며, DWT와 TEU 단위를 고려하여 데이터를 분석하였다. 14개 국가 관리 항만의 총 380 부두 데이터를 조사하고, 이를 통해 그룹핑 작업을 통해 정규화 곡선으로 평균 ± 표준편차를 기준으로 항만 전체 부두 에 대한 분류를 실시하였다. 이를 통해 향후 연구결과를 통해 검증 후 최종 분류방법을 결정하여 새로운 항만분류법을 제안하고, 제안 된 방법론의 분류검증을 실시할 예정이다.

세계화, 지방화 시대가 본격화되면서 다양성의 가치가 더욱 중요해지고 있으며, 경쟁단위를 지자체 중 심체제로 전환하는 추세가 뚜렷해지고 있다. 이러한 추세 속에서 최근 가장 주목받는 지역문화자원은 '명승'과 '국가산림문화자산'이다. 산림청은 2014년부터 산림 생태·경관·문화적으로 보존 가치가 높고 역사성이 큰 유·무형의 자산을 국가산림문화자산으로 지정하고 있다. 2022년 11월까지 지정된 국가산 림문화자산은 전국적으로 총 80건이며, 이중 전라북도가 18건에 달하는 반면 충청북도는 하나도 지정 되지 않았다. 이는 지자체의 관심의 차이에서 기인되는 것으로서 각 지자체는 향후 경쟁적으로 도내 자원을 국가산림자산으로 등재하기 위한 후보지 발굴과 등재노력이 한층 강화될 것으로 보인다. 본 연 구는 국가산림문화자산의 정의와 지정기준 검토를 통해 산림자산의 지정기준 및 분류체계 개선, 유산 개념의 세분화, 자산의 지평 확장 방안을 제시하고자 시도되었다. 본 연구의 주제는 산림청이 지정·운 영되는 2022년 11월 30일 기준으로 지정된 산림유산 총 80건과 지정에 따른 분류체계에 대한 검토이다. 특히 본 연구에서는 국가유산청이 지정하는 ‘명승’과 ‘천연기념물’의 기준 및 분류체계과 비교·검토하 였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, ‘산림문화자산의 정의’에 대한 검토 결과 국가산림문화자산 중 산림과 관련된 생태적 가치는 ‘천연기념물’의 과학적·학술적 가치와 상충되며, 산림문화자산의 경 관적 가치는 ‘명승’의 경관적 가치와 상충되는 등 산림문화자산과 유사 문화유산 간 가치기준의 혼재가 다수 발견된다. 이는 문화유산 간 반복적인 재지정 및 해제를 초래하며, 추후 혼란을 막기 위해 명확한 기준을 제시해야 한다. 둘째, ‘국가산림문화자산의 지정기준’ 검토결과 문화유산 중 ‘명승’과 ‘천연기 념물’ 그리고 일부 ‘사적’과도 유사한 분류속성을 공유하고 있다. 특히 중분류의 ‘숲’에 해당하는 소분 류 ‘마을숲’은 ‘명승’이나 ‘천연기념물’의 세부분류기준 중 하나인 ‘생활문화 등과 관련되어 가치가 큰 인공 수림지’와 일부 중복되고 있다. ‘자연물’의 옛길, 바위샘, 계곡, 폭포, 동굴, 화석지 등 역시 거의 동 등한 기준으로 분류되고 있다. 또한 ‘사적 및 근대유산’은 명칭 그대로 ‘사적’ 분야와, 정원은 ‘명승’ 분 야와, 그리고 동식물의 ‘화석’은 ‘천연기념물’ 지질분야와 밀착되어 있음을 확인하였다. 셋째, ‘국가산 림문화자산 분류기준’을 검토한 결과 개념상의 변별력 부족으로 인한 차별성 부족과 모호성, 유사 분류 군 간 성격의 불균질성, 조합형의 구체적인 정의 부재로 인한 혼란 등을 지적하였다. 또한 유사 문화유 산과 비교할 때 개념의 충돌, 개념의 소극적 적용 등 문화유산 간 연계 부족을 보였다. 이는 국가적 차원 에서 전반적인 문화유산의 가이드라인을 제시해 각 기관에서 용어 및 개념이 오용되거나 혼용되지 않 도록 해야할 필요가 있다. 또한 조합형 중 ‘기록물+금석각류를 제외하면 금속류는 한 건도 지정되지 않 고 석각류 일색임을 볼 때 향후 지정 추이를 살펴보며 명칭을 수정하거나 성격에 따라 분리를 고려할 필요가 있다. 다섯째, 국가산림문화자산의 분포는 전라북도가 18건(22.5%), 전라남도 17건(21.3%), 강 원도 14건(17.5%), 경상북도 11건(13.8%), 경상남도 7건(8.8%), 경기도 4건(5.00%), 서울특별시와 부산 광역시 그리고 충청남도가 각각 2건(2.5%), 대전광역시와 제주특별자치도 각 1건(1.3%) 순으로 나타났 다. 이에 반해 충청북도는 단 1건도 지정되고 있지 않아 지역적 편중성이 강하게 드러나고 있다. 이는 명승에 비해 지정절차가 간소한데 비해 각 지자체의 산림문화자산에 대한 관심과 유산지정 필요성을 느끼지 못하고 있음을 의미한다. 지자체의 적극성과 산림문화자산 제도의 활성화를 위해 홍보 및 활용 방안에 관한 추가적인 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

줄수염나방아과는 나비목 중에서 가장 큰 분류군 중 하나인 밤나방과에 속한다. 분류군 내에서 날개무늬가 비슷한 경우가 있어 동정에 어려움이 많은 그룹 중 하나이다. 또한, 이 들은 산림 지역, 초지 및 물가 등 다양한 환경에 서식하며, 생활 습성에 따라 일부는 임업 및 농업에 피해가 큰 해충으로 알려져 있는 중요한 경제곤충 그룹이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 이와 같이 분류동정이 어려운 줄수염나방아과 곤충을 대상으로 야외채집조사, 표본제작, 생식기 해부검경 및 DNA 바코드 등을 수행하여 최종적으로 분류학적 동정지침서를 작성하고자 수행 되었다. 연구결과 19속 63종으로 정리되었다. 본 연구를 통해 확보된 DNA바코드 데이터는 정확한 바코드를 활용한 진단 및 동정 연구 등에 활용되고, 이들의 분포정보 구축, 형태적 특징 및 분자분석 연구의 기초데이터 확보를 통한 관련 분야 활성화 등에도 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Recently, BNS (Best System) developed a system for evaluation and classification of soil and concrete wastes generated from nuclear power plant decommissioning. It is composed of various modules for container loading, weight measurement, contamination evaluation, waste classification, stacking, storage and control. The contamination evaluation module of the system has two sub modules. One is for quick measurement with NaI (Tl) detector and the other is for accurate measurement with HPGe detector. The container used at the system for wastes handling has capacity of 100 kg and made of stainless steel. According to the measurement result of Co-60 and Cs-137, the waste is classified as waste for disposal or waste for clearance. Performance of the system was demonstrated using RM (Reference Material) radiation source. This year, necessity of system improvement was suggested due to revised operation requirements. So, the system should show throughput of more than 1 ton/hr and Minimum Detectable Activity (MDA) of less than 0.01 Bq/g (1/10 of criteria for regulatory clearance) for Co-60 and Cs-137. And soil waste become main target of the system. For this, the container used for soil waste handling should have capacity of 200 kg. As a result, material for the container need to be changed from stainless steel to plastic or FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics). And large area detector should be introduced to the system to enhance processing speed of the system. Additionally, container storage rack and conveyor system should be modified to handle 200 kg capacity container. Finally, moving path of the container will be redesigned for enhanced throughput of the system. In this paper, concept development of the system was suggested and based on that, system development will be followed.

하천시설물은 정보의 관리주체가 국가하천과 지방하천 등에 따라 달라서 통합되어 관리되지 못하고 있는 점, 설계 및 시공 단계의 정보화 축적이 미흡하여 시설물 정보의 망실이 우려되는 점 등 하천분야로 BIM 도입을 하기 위해서는 해결해야 할 과제들이 산재해 있다. 또한, 이로 인해 유지운영단계에서의 시설물 정보 활용 수준 역시 상당히 미흡한 편이다. 따라서, 하천시설물의 효과적인 유지 운영을 위해서는 표준분류체계에 따라 시설물 정보를 정리함으로 데이터의 일관성을 확보하고 효율성을 증대시킬 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 하천분야의 시설물 특성을 고려하여 하천분야의 BIM 정보모델 도입과 3차원 기반의 하천시설의 효율적인 유지 운영 전환을 위한 BIM 표준분류체계를 적용하는 방안을 제시한다.

During decommissioning and site remediation of nuclear power plant, large amount of wastes (including radioactive waste) with various type will be generated within very short time. Among those wastes, soil and concrete wastes is known to account for more than 70% of total waste generated. So, efficient management of these wastes is very essential for effective NPP decommissioning. Recently, BNS (Best System) developed a system for evaluation and classification of soil and concrete wastes from the generation. The system is composed of various modules for container loading, weight measurement, contamination evaluation, waste classification, stacking, storage and control. By adopting modular type, the system is good for dealing with variable situation where system capacity needs to be expanded or contracted depending on the decommissioning schedule, good for minimizing secondary waste generated during maintenance of failed part and also good for disassemble, transfer and assemble. The contamination evaluation module of the system has two sub module. One is for quick measurement with NaI(Tl) detector and the other is for accurate measurement with HPGe detector. For waste transfer, the system adopts LTS (Linear Transfer System) conveyor system showing low vibration and noise during operation. This will be helpful for minimizing scattering of dust from the waste container. And for real time positioning of waste container, wireless tag was adopted. The tag also used for information management of waste history from the generation. Once a container with about 100 kg of soil or concrete is loaded, it is moved to the weight measurement module and then it transfers to quick measurement module. When measured value for radioactivity concentration of Co- 60 and Cs-137 is more than 1.0 Bq/g, then the container is classified as waste for disposal and directly transferred to stacking and storage rack. Otherwise, the container is transferred to accurate measurement module. At the accurate module, the container is classified as waste for disposal or waste for regulatory clearance depending on the measurement result of 0.1 Bq/g. As the storage rack has a sections for disposal and regulatory clearance respectively, the classified containers will be positioned at one of the sections depending on the results from the contamination evaluation module. The system can control the movement of lots of container at the same time. So, the system will be helpful for the effective nuclear power plant decommissioning in view of time and budget.

In spite of lab safety act for over 10 years, over 100 safety accidents in the laboratory have been constantly occurring. The ideal safety management system is to prevent accidents by differential classifying and managing laboratory regulatory materials according to the risk level. In order to approach this system, in-depth interviews with safety managers were first conducted to identify the current status of safety management in domestic university laboratories. And then through comparative analysis of safety management systems in domestic and foreign laboratories, a new regulatory substance classification standard based on the analysis of the hazards and the classification of risk grades, and a safety management system are proposed. From this study, it will contribute to the creation of a safe laboratory environment by differential classification and management laboratory regulatory materials based on the risk level.

This study is about the production of radiation sources of simulated concrete and soil reference materials to verify the validity of the quality establishment and measurement of the detector (HPGe) of the radioactive soil and concrete waste classification system, which is being developed to quickly and accurately classify nuclear decommissioning waste. Specific activity of gamma nucleus among radioactive wastes is evaluated using gamma spectroscopy. At this time, in order to verify the validity and reliability of measuring equipment, it shall be a standardized substance of the same medium as nuclear decommissioning waste (chemical ingredients, particles, density, etc.) in order to correct the energy and efficiency of gamma nuclide analysis equipment. The CRM used for the detector’s energy correction used a 1 L Marinelli beaker standard correctional radiation source consisting of 10 radioactive isotopes. In order to correct efficiency, in accordance with the production and certification process of the Korea Standards and Research Institute, it has produced artificial simulated radioactive concrete similar to nuclear decommissioning waste (30% for cement, 60% for regulation and 10% for bentonite). The radioactive homogeneity of the simulated concrete reference materials was evaluated using dispersion analysis (ANOVA) in accordance with ISO Guide 35, while 137Cs and 60Co of concrete reference materials were able to obtain homogeneous measurements both in and between bottles. The self-absorption rate of the simulated concrete reference material was determined by the MCNP computer simulation measurement method, and the self-absorption correction coefficients of 137Cs and 60Co were assessed at 0.995 and 0.996, respectively, and the standard value for the radiation of the simulated concrete reference material was calculated on the weighted average of the measurements of 20 samples. The uncertainty about the reference value was calculated by combining measurement uncertainty (Type B evaluation), bottle to bottle standard deviation, and uncertainty within bottle by modifying the formula suggested in ISO Guide 35. The concentration of 137Cs and 60Co of reference materials was divided into high-speed measurement mode and precision measurement mode in consideration of the self-disposal standard. The reference value and uncertainty of expansion among reference materials for high-speed measurement mode were rated at 1,032.7 ± 64.0 Bq·kg−1and 1,083.7 Bq·kg−1, respectively. The standard value and expansion uncertainty for 137Cs and 60Co among reference materials for precision measurement mode were rated at 113.7 ± 10.0 Bq·kg−1 and 122.3 ± 10.3 Bq·kg−1, respectively.

Comprehensive identification and systematic classification of all features, events and processes (FEP) that influence on the performance of a high-level radioactive waste disposal system is essential for safety assessment. Nuclear energy agency (NEA) has been developing and updating the standardized generic FEP list, so-called NEA international FEP list, which may be used as the basis to develop project-specific FEP lists to reflect diverse system and site characteristics in different countries. On the basis, Finland and Sweden have recently got licenses to construct spent nuclear fuel deep disposal facilities. Also in Korea, timely construction of a high-level radioactive waste disposal facility is an urgent issue for stable operation of nuclear power plants. For this end, a FEP list that properly considers for system and site characteristics of Korean high-level radioactive waste disposal facility needs to be developed. In this study, the most recent NEA international FEP list published in 2019 was comprehensively reviewed with focus on the structure of the classification system and the physicochemical mechanisms associated with the key elements. The obtained results will be used for the comparative analysis of domestic and oversea project-specific FEP lists and for the development of a generic FEP list relevant to Korean high-level radioactive waste disposal system.

Twenty-nine wetlands (20 river type and 9 lake type wetlands) in Gyeongsangnam-do were investigated to understand the characteristics of fish assemblages by the wetland type and to suggest management strategies. As a result, 10.3±4.8 species were collected from river type wetlands on average (±SD) and 9.1±4.1 species from lake type wetlands. Thus, there was no significant difference in the number of species between them (Mann-Whitney U test, P>0.05). However, the species that constitute the fish assemblage showed statistically significant differences between the two wetland types (PERMANOVA, Pseudo-F=2.9555, P=0.007). Furthermore, the species that contribute the most to each type of fish assemblage were Zacco koreanus (river type, 28.51%) and Lepomis macrochirus (lake type, 23.21%), respectively (SIMPER). The results of the NMDS analysis using the fish assemblage by place classified the species into three groups (river type, lake type, and others). The current wetland management is only focused on endangered species, but this study shows a difference in fish assemblage by wetland type. Therefore, a management system based information on endemic species, exotic species and major contribution species should be provided. Furthermore, the classification of some types of wetlands based on the present topography was found to be ambiguous, and wetland classification using living creatures can be used as a complementary method. This study has limitations because only two types of wetlands were analyzed. Therefore, a detailed management method that can represent every type of wetland should be prepared through the research of all types of wetlands in the future.

The purpose of this study was to review regulatory management of the classification system and scope of veterinary medical devices in Korea. In Korea, the four categories of the classification system for veterinary medical devices (instruments, supplies, artificial insemination apparatus, and others) is somewhat differently than that for human medical devices (instruments, supplies, dental materials, and reagents for in vitro diagnostics). In 2013, veterinary medical devices were classified into approximately 1,400 items, whereas, human medical devices were classified into approximately 2,200 items. Dissimilar to human medical devices, veterinary medical devices have no individual identification codes for effective market management. In conclusion, it is necessary to introduce a device identification code system and re-examine scope of the classification system for veterinary medical devices in Korea.