Background: The oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) is the most important index for accurately measuring cardiopulmonary function in patients with acute ischemic heart disease. However, the relationship between the OUES variables and important cardiopulmonary function parameters remain unelucidated for patients with acute ischemic heart disease, which accounts for the largest proportion of heart disease. Objects: The present cross sectional clinical study aimed to determine the multiple relationships among the cardiopulmonary function variables mentioned above in adults with acute ischemic heart disease. Methods: A convenience sample of 110 adult inpatients with ischemic heart disease (age: 57.4 ± 11.3 y; 95 males, 15 females) was enrolled at the hospital cardiac rehabilitation center. The correlation between the important cardiopulmonary function indicators including peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak), minute ventilation (VE)/carbon dioxide production (VCO2) slope, heart rate recovery (HRR), and ejection fraction (EF) and OUES was confirmed. Results: This study showed that OUES was highly correlated with VO2 peak, VE/VCO2 slope, and HRR parameters. Conclusion: The OUES can be used as an accurate indicator for cardiopulmonary function. There are other factors that influence aerobic capacity besides EF, so there is no correlation with EF. Effective cardiopulmonary rehabilitation programs can be designed based on OUES during submaximal exercise in patients with acute ischemic heart disease.

This study was performed to develop a Kdiet-index based on the definitions and characteristics of traditional Korean food. The Korean Food Pattern Index (Kdiet-index) for diseases was applied using dietary data from the 2017 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and the association between Kdiet-index and metabolic disease was confirmed. The study subjects were 1,971 Korean adults aged >40, and the components were classified according to 14 criteria used to establish the Kdiet-index. Main ingredients up to the top 3 were designated using dish names, ingredients, and contents using KNHANES dietary data. Kdiet-index was classified using scores of ≤3 points, 4-7 points, and ≥8 points and total Kdietindex were calculated by summing dietary scores. Correlations between Kdiet-index and obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes were analyzed. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for obesity were 0.531, 0.385~0.732 and for elevated cholesterol (≥240 mg/dL) indices were 0.471, 0.282~0.788, respectively, which showed a significant decreased in the risk for each disease for Kdiet-index of ≥8 points. This study confirms that metabolically related clinical results improved significantly as Kdiet-index increased and that higher Korean food pattern indices are associated with lower risks of metabolic disease

목적: 국민건강영양조사 제7기(2016-2018) 원시자료를 이용하여 황반변성에 영향을 줄 수 있는 만성질환을 파악 하고자 수행되었다. 방법 : 국민건강영양조사 제7기(2016-2018) 자료 중 40세 이상의 성인 중에 황반변성 진단여부에 응답한 4,356명의 대상으로 만성질환과의 관계를 분석하였으며, p<0.05인 경우 유의한 것으로 판단하였다. 결과 : 황반변성은 연령에 따라 유병률이 높아졌는데, 연령과 관계된 만성질환 중 심근경색증에서만 유의한 결 과를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한, 심근경색증의 위험요인인 이상지질혈증과 이상지질혈증을 일으키는 고콜레스테롤혈증 도 황반변성과 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 황반변성은 연령과 관련된 만성질환 중 심근경색증, 이상지질혈증, 고콜레스테롤혈증과 관련이 있음을 확인하였다.

This study evaluated whether fevernill, which is primarily composed of acetaminophen, vitamin C, and anhydrous citric acid, is effective in relieving stress caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccination in calves. Three-month-old calves from a farm in Korea were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 10 per group: control [untreated], group A [FMDV vaccination], and group B [FMDV vaccination + addition of fevernill 0.2% to feed for five days after vaccination]). Body weights, antibody formation, clinical symptoms, serum parameters were measured in the 14 days following vaccination. Total weight gain and average daily gain during the experiment period were group A (12.00±1.15 kg, 0.86±0.08 kg/day) compared to group B (13.57±0.98 kg, 0.97±0.07 kg/day) was significantly improved (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the formation of antibodies against the FMDV vaccine between group A and group B, though the antibody value of group B tended to be higher than that of group A. The pre-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α value was 74.47±19.26 pg/ml in group A and 59.05±11.88 pg/ml in group B on the 5th day of the experiment, which was significantly lower in group B than in group A (p<0.05). Also, cortisol concentrations were significantly lower in group B than in group A (p<0.05). In conclusion, the feeding of fevernil is judged to be helpful in mitigating the side effects caused by FMD vaccination, and thus it is thought to be able to prevent the decrease in productivity caused by vaccination.

패션프루트(Passiflora edulis)는 열대와 아열대 지역에서 재배되는 덩굴성 과수이다. 평균 기온이 상승함에 따라 온대 지역인 국내에서도 재배가 가능하여 패션프루트 재배 농가수가 증가하고 있다. 그러나 패션프루트 묘목이 건정성에 대한 평가 없이 생산되어 농가로 유통되고 있다. 본 연구에서 는 국내에서 재배되고 있는 자색계 패션프루트를 대상으로 2020년에 6종의 바이러스 감염률을 조사하였다. 중합효소연쇄반응을 이용하여 바이러스 감염 여부를 확인하였다. 조사 결과, 파파야잎말림광동바이러스 감염률이 68.3%으로 가장 높았고, 오이모자이크바이러스(51.6%), 등대풀잎말림 바이러스(48.3%), 동아시아시계초바이러스(33.3%), 패션프루트목질화바이러스(8.3%), 토마토황색잎말림바이러스(0%) 순이었다. 감염된 샘플 중 75%는 2종 이상의 바이러스에 복합 감염된 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구를 통해 국내에서 자색계 패션프루트의 바이러스병에 대한 정보를 제공하여 예찰 및 방제의 기초자료로 활용하고자 한다.

본 연구에서는 2021년 전남, 전북을 대상으로 23개소에서 어류 4종(향어, 비단잉어, 참붕어, 금붕어) 총 1,115마리에 대하여 병원체 감염 여부를 조사하였다. 법정전염병 3종(SVC, Spring viraemia of carp, EUS, Epizootic ulcerative syndrome, and KHVD, Koi herpesvirus disease)을 분 석한 결과, 조사한 모든 시료에서 법정전염병이 검출되지 않아 전라권에서 조사한 잉어과어 류는 청정국 또는 청정지역 선언에 중요한 정보를 제공할 것이다.

The bacterial soft-rot disease is one of the most critical diseases in vegetables such as Chinese cabbage. The researchers isolated two bacteria (Pseudomonas kribbensis and Pantoea vagans) from diseased tissue samples of Chinese cabbages and confirmed them as being the strains that cause soft-rot disease. Lactic-acid bacteria (LAB), were screened and used to control soft-rot disease bacteria. The researchers tested the treatments with hypochlorous acid water (HAW) and LAB supernatant to control soft-rot disease bacteria. The tests confirmed that treatments with the HAW (over 120 ppm) or LAB (Lactobacillus plantarum PL203) culture supernatants (0.5 mL) completely controlled both P. kribbensis and P. vagans.

Periodontal disease is a chronic but treatable condition which often does not cause pain during the initial stages of the illness. Lack of awareness of symptoms can delay initiation of treatment and worsen health. The aim of this study was to develop and compare different risk prediction models for periodontal disease using machine learning algorithms. We obtained information on risk factors for periodontal disease from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) dataset. Principal component analysis and an auto-encoder were used to extract data on risk factors for periodontal disease. A synthetic minority oversampling technique algorithm was used to solve the problem of data imbalance. We used a combination of logistic regression analysis, support vector machine (SVM) learning, random forest, and AdaBoost to classify and compare risk prediction models for periodontal disease. In cases where we used principal component analysis (PCA) to extract risk factors, the recall was higher than the feature selection method in the logistic regression and support-vector machine learning models. AdaBoost’s recall was 0.98, showing the highest performance of both feature selection and PCA. The F1 score showed relatively high performance in Ada- Boost, logistic regression, and SVM learning models. By using the risk factors extracted from the research results and the predictive model based on machine learning, it will be able to help in the prevention and diagnosis of periodontal disease, and it will be used to study the relationship with various diseases related to periodontal disease.

Vaccinations, surveillance, quarantine, and disposal of the infected poultry are the common strategies for prevention and control of the highly infectious poultry diseases; however, many pathogens still persist and are potential causes threatening the nationwide spread of poultry diseases. A strict biosecurity strategy including disinfection is the key to control the spread of avian pathogens, such as the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). It is important to select and use the disinfectants whose efficacy and the effective concentrations against the specific pathogens are known. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the virucidal efficacy of five active substances of commercial disinfectants, namely potassium peroxymonosulfate (PPMS), sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC), glutaraldehyde (GLT), benzalkonium chloride (BZK), and didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), that are used against NDV. Further, we validated the efficacy of eight pre-approved disinfectants. The minimal virucidal concentrations of the active substances against NDV were as follows: PPMS, 2.50 g/L; NaDCC, 2.00 g/L; GLT, 0.40 g/L; BZK, 2.00 g/L, and DDAC, 1.00 g/L. Furthermore, all the eight disinfectants were found to be effective against NDV at the recommended concentrations, thereby confirming that the active substances are functional against NDV. This is the first study reporting the virucidal activity of the active substances of commercial disinfectants against NDV, in accordance with the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency guidelines, in South Korea. The results of the virucidal efficacy testing of chemical disinfectants from this study will help poultry industries implement improved strategies for controlling infection.

A cat who is a 15-year-old and spayed female visited an animal clinic with severe coughing symptoms. Since the cat’s coughing symptoms had worsened from the age of 10 and X-rays showed a bronchial pattern in the lungs, it was diagnosed as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). She received three injections of stem cells isolated from the amniotic membrane on days 0, 7, and 23. Although there was no improvement in the clinical findings on the x-ray, the number of coughing was significantly reduced. In addition, even after long-term follow-up post treatment for a month, she was stable with almost no coughing.

This study compared the immune responses, stress relief and weight gains of needle or needle-free intramuscular and needle-free intradermal vaccination in pigs. When the same amount of a foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine was administered to pigs, antibody titers at 4 weeks after the 1st and 2nd FMD vaccination were not significantly different between the needle (IM-S) and needle-free (NM-P250) intramuscularly vaccinated groups, but the weight gain of NM-P250 was significantly increased compared to that of IM-S at 8 weeks after the 2nd FMD vaccination (p<0.05). In addition, serum cortisol concentrations of NM-P250 were considerably decreased compared to those of IM-S on the 5th and 7th day after the 1st and 2nd FMD vaccination (p<0.05). However, the antibody titers of IM-S vaccinated with 2 mL of FMD vaccine were significantly increased compared to those of the needle-free intradermal vaccinated group with 0.5 mL of FMD vaccine at 4 weeks after the 1st and 2nd FMD vaccination (p<0.05). In conclusion, the needle-free intramuscular injection for the FMD vaccination can be chosen for weight gain and stress relief in pigs.

We conducted diagnostic investigations to analyze the causes of abortions (46 cases, 65.7%), deaths (22 cases, 31.4%) and muscular lesions (2 cases, 2.9%) occurred after foot and mouth disease (FMD) vaccination in livestock farms in Korea. Bacterial culture, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed to detect the causative agents of abortion in bovine and caprine. The diagnostic results showed that 36 (51.4%) cases, referring as “Identified”, were occurred by influence of underlying disease including bovine viral diarrhea (12 cases, 17.1%), neosporosis (7 cases, 10.0%), septicemic colibacillosis (5 cases, 7.1%), Q fever (4 cases, 5.7%) and other abnormal conditions (8 cases, 11.4%) not by vaccination. Other 2 (3.0%) cases were suspected to be vaccine-associated adverse reaction on the basis of pathological findings (shock lung, oil-component-induced granuloma) and clinical symptoms (dyspnea with pulmonary edema). The other 32 (45.7%) cases were determined “Unknown” because any pathogens and pathological changes were not identified. However, many of the “Unknown” cases were presumptive to be the vaccine-related adverse reaction based on epidemiological investigation, especially, the cases which showed the clinical signs within 2 days after the vaccination. It is important to conduct pathological, microbilogical and epidemiological investigation to diagnose whether the cases are from vaccine-associated adverse reaction or not.

본 연구는 머신러닝 기법을 토대로 15개 환경 변수를 활용하여 소나무재선충병의 위험지역 분포를 예측하였다. 연구는 최대 엔트로피 모델을 머신러닝 기법으로 활용하였고, 연구 지역은 경주이며 연구 기간은 2018∼2020년이다. 모델의 평가에는 AUC(area under the curve)를 이용하였다. 연구 지역에서 소나무재선충병의 감염목 핵심 분포 지역은 2018년 대비 2019년과 2020년에 각각 2.5배와 4.7배 확대되었다. 소나무재선충병의 감염목 분포 추정 모델의 AUC는 모든 해에 최소 0.86 이상이었다. 모델에서 가장 중요한 변수는 직전 해의 감염목 근접도 이었다. 지형과 도로와의 인접성, 목조건물 인접성, 5월 평균 기온도 중요한 변수이었다. 인간 활동과 매개충의 생장 환경이 소나무재선충병의 공간적 분포에 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 의미한다. 나아가 연구의 결과는 감염목 분포 정보의 지속적인 구축과 공유가 소나무재선충병 예방을 위한 정책과 연구에 중요하다는 것을 시사한다.

목적 : 중년층을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하여 안구건조증의 유병률을 평가하고자 하였다. 방법 : 설문조사는 구글 설문지를 사용하여 온라인으로 수행하였다. 안구건조증은 OSDI 설문지를 이용하여 평가하였고, 안구건조증은 OSDI 점수에 따라 0~12점에 속하면 정상, 경증(13~22), 중등도(23~32), 중증 (33~100)으로 분류하였다. 결과 : 194명의 중년 응답자 중 OSDI 설문지를 통한 안구건조 진단은 정상이 99명(51.0%), 경증은 58명 (29.9%), 중등도는 20명(10.3%), 중증은 17명(8.8%)으로 나타났다. 중년층의 안구건조와 관련성이 있는 요인은 여성(p=0.002), 임상적으로 안구건조증 진단을 받은 이력(p<0.001), 안구건조증의 자각적 인식(p=0.001), 약물 복용 (p=0.049), 1시간 이상 연속적인 스마트폰 사용(p=0.032) 등으로 나타났다. 결론 : 194명의 중년층에서 안구건조증의 유병률은 49.0%로 높게 나타나 안구건조의 예방을 위한 생활 습관 개선 및 안구건조의 위험인자 관리가 필요하다고 생각된다.

목적: 본 연구에서는 40세 이상 한국 성인에서 망막전막(황반부) 따른 심혈관계질환과의 위험요인을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 국민건강영양조사 제7기(2016~2018년) 조사대상자의 건강설문조사와 안과 검진을 받은 40세 이상을 대상으로 망막앞막(황반부)과 관련 있는 심혈관계질환 및 나이과 성별, 체질량지수, 사회학적 요인인 월평균 가구 총소득, 교육수준, 현재흡연율, 월간음주율을 보정하여 로지스틱 회귀분석을 수행하였으며 유의수준은 0.050 미 만으로 하였다. 결과 : 40세 이상 망막앞막(황반부) 유병률은 7.94%(527명)로 남자 3.31%(220명), 여자 4.62%(307명)로 나타났다. 나이에 따른 망막앞막(황반부)은 나이가 1살 많아질 때 교차비가(OR) 1.095배로 높아지고(p<0.001), 고혈압 있는 사람이 고혈압 없는 사람에 비해 망막앞막에 대한 교차비(OR)가 1.268배로 유의한 차이가 있었다 (p=0.024). 결론 : 망막앞막(황반부)과 심혈관계질환과의 관계에서 사회학적인 요인을 보정한 후 통계적으로 유의한 관련 성은 나이와 고혈압으로 확인되었지만, 뇌졸중과 심근경색, 협심증은 유의미한 연관성을 확인할 수 없었다. 이는 40세 이상의 성인이고 고혈압이 있는 사람에게 안검사 및 굴절검사를 진행 할 경우, 망막에 관련된 검사를 할 필요가 있을 것으로 예상 하고 추후 다양한 후속 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.