산업화로 인한 사회기반시설(SOC) 확충과 건설기술의 발전으로 도로공사 현장에서 발생하는 미세먼지 배출량이 증가하면 서 대기환경에 대한 사회적 관심이 높아지고 있다. 그러나 현재 SOC 사업의 편익 분석은 공사 중 발생하는 통행시간 지연 과 같은 불편익 위주로 산정될 뿐, 공사 현장에서 발생하는 미세먼지 등 대기환경 오염에 따른 사회적 비용은 충분히 반영 되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 특히 국가 미세먼지 총 배출량 중 건설공사 현장이 차지하는 비중이 높음에도 불구하고, 현행 관리체계에서는 배출량 기반의 정량적인 비용 산정 방법이 미흡한 상황이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 한계를 보완하기 위해 도로공사 규모와 건설기계 투입량을 기반으로 한 미세먼지 배출량 및 배출비용 추정 방법론을 제안하였다. 연구 방법으로는 실제 도로공사 내역서와 일위대가, 표준품셈 자료를 활용하여 토공, 배수공, 구조물공 등 공종별 건설기계의 실제 작업시간을 산정하였다. 또한 산출된 작업시간에 건설기계별 출력량과 배출계 수(EEA, CAPSS 등)를 적용하여 미세먼지 배출량을 산정하였으며, 여기에 미세먼지의 사회적 비용 원단위를 적용하여 보다 정밀한 환경 불편익 산정 프로세스를 구축하였다. 제안된 방법론의 검증을 위해 동해고속도로(주문진–속초) 제4공구 건설공사 데이터를 적용하여 미세먼지 배출비용을 산정 하였다. 분석 결과 총 연장 3.92 km 구간에서 약 1,400만 원의 미세먼지 배출비용이 발생하는 것으로 추정되었으며, 이는 연장 1 km당 약 356만 원 수준에 해당하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 도로공사 과정에서 발생하는 미세먼지에 따른 사회적 비용을 정량적으로 산정할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였 으며, 향후 도로공사 계획 단계에서 보다 현실적인 사회적 불편익을 반영할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 또한 건설기계의 연 식이나 저감장치 적용 여부 등을 고려한 고도화된 환경영향평가와 미세먼지 저감 정책 수립을 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

도로 운송 부문은 전 세계 에너지 관련 온실가스 배출의 약 23%를 차지하며, 전 세계적인 물류 수요 증가와 도시화로 인 해 향후에도 지속적인 증가 추이를 보일 것으로 예측된다. 이러한 기후 위기 상황에서 차량의 연비를 개선하여 탄소 배출량 을 저감하기 위한 기술적 노력이 다각도로 진행되고 있다. 이 중 도로 포장과 차량 간의 복잡한 물리적 상호작용인 Pavement-Vehicle Interaction(PVI)은 포장체의 처짐으로 인해 발생하는 추가 연료 소모량(Excess Fuel Consumption, EFC)을 결정하는 핵심적인 요소로 주목받고 있다. 본 연구는 도로 포장과 차량의 상호작용으로 인해 발생하는 추가 연료 소모량을 산정함에 있어, 포장 재료의 에너지 소산 특성을 정의하는 감쇠 모델과 하중 하단에서의 포장 처짐 기울기를 계산하는 경사도 산정 방법이 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 비교 분석하였다. 구체적으로, 점성 감쇠 모델과 이력 감쇠 모델을 각각 적용하여 포장의 동적 응답을 도출하였다. 또한, 기 존의 선형 및 상수 기반 경사 산정 방식의 한계를 극복하기 위해, 본 과업에서 제시하는 하중 재하 지점의 순간 기울기를 산정하는 수치적 방법론을 검토하였다. 해석 결과, 선택된 감쇠 모델의 종류와 경사도 산정 방식의 조합에 따라 최종적으로 도출되는 연료 소모량 산정 결과에 유의미한 수치적 차이가 발생함을 확인하였다. 특히 이력 감쇠 모델과 순간 기울기 방식 의 결합은 기존 모델들이 간과했던 포장체의 비대칭적 처짐 거동을 더욱 정밀하게 포착함으로써, 보다 현실적인 탄소 배출 량 예측 근거를 제시하였다

우리나라의 선박부문 대기오염물질 배출량 산정에 활용되는 배출계수는 유럽환경청의 가이드라인에서 제시하는 수치를 적용 하고 있다. 유럽환경청 가이드라인에서 제시하고 있는 수치는 2000년대 초에 발간된 문헌자료 기반의 배출계수로 선박부문의 다양한 규 제가 시행중인 현재의 배출상황과는 차이가 존재한다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 항만 입출항 선박현황을 조사하여, 여객선, 벌크선, 컨테이너 선, 탱커선 등 주요 선종을 대상으로 배기가스 실측 분석연구를 수행하였다. 배기가스 내 5종의 물질(CO2, CO, NOx, SOx, BC)을 대상으로 선박 운항형태별(운항모드,접안모드), 유종별(경유, 벙커유) 배출계수를 제시하였다. 실측기반의 배출계수를 활용하여 대기오염물질을 산 정하는 경우, 배출량 통계 정합성 확보에 기여할 수 있으며, 정확한 배출량 산출을 토대로 국가 대기환경개선 목표 달성에 이바지할 것으 로 기대된다.

Based on a carbon emission inventory of China’s cement industry, this study evaluates the performance of six machine learning models—ridge regression (RR), polynomial regression (PR), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVR), gradient boosted regression tree (GBRT), and feed-forward neural network (FNN)—in predicting carbon emissions. Model accuracy, feature importance, and residual distributions were analyzed. Results show that clinker production and coal consumption are the dominant factors, contributing 83.7% and 11.95% to emissions, respectively. PR and FNN achieved the best performance with R2 values up to 0.99 and lowest mean square errors (0.11 and 1.82). Their mechanisms were further adapted to improve the generalization of other models. Spatial analysis revealed that North, South, and Southwest China are major emission regions. Using the optimal model, emissions in 2035 are projected to reach 519.14 million tonnes. This study offers technical insights for model optimization and supports low-carbon policymaking in the cement industry.

In this study, extinction limit and emission characteristics of COG(Coke Oven Gas), was numerically investigated using counterflow nonpremixed flames to verify usage as a combustion fuel. Also, ammonia (NH3) added COG was studied to reduce carbon emission. OPPDIF code with GRI 3.0 detailed kinetic mechanism was used to predict the extinction limit, EINOx and NO production rates. As results, the extinction limit of COG was greatly expanded compared to CH4, and it was confirmed that the maximum flame temperature at the extinction point was also greatly reduced due to H2, which accounts for 55% of COG. When NH3 was added, the extinction limits gradually decreased, and the maximum flame temperature at the extinction point increased, which is due to the low combustion reactivity of NH3. Meanwhile, it can be confirmed that NOx emissions increased rapidly as NH3 was added.

As people spend most of their time indoors, managing indoor air quality (IAQ) has become critical. However, current standard test methods for paints using undiluted solutions do not reflect actual construction practices where thinners are added. This study aims to investigate the effects of dilution ratios on TVOC and formaldehyde (HCHO) emissions. Ten types of paints were tested using a small chamber method under undiluted (Org.) and diluted (Dil. 1, Dil. 2) conditions based on manufacturers’ specifications. The results showed that HCHO emissions were not significantly affected by dilution. However, TVOC emission patterns were categorized into four groups. Notably, some oil-based paints showed an initial suppression followed by a reversal phenomenon where emissions exceeded the original solution after three days. These findings suggest that the current test standards may underestimate the actual risk, highlighting the need to revise the regulations to reflect real-use dilution conditions.

This study investigates the emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and aldehydes (HCHO) from ventilation air filters manufactured using two different bonding methods: chemical bonding and thermal bonding. Small-chamber tests were conducted in accordance with KS ISO 16000-9:2006 to quantitatively compare the hazardous substance emissions of five filter specimens with varying bonding mechanisms and exposure surface conditions. The results show that filters produced by thermal bonding exhibited non-detectable (N.D.) levels of toluene, TVOC, and formaldehyde, demonstrating that this manufacturing method inherently minimizes chemical emissions by avoiding the use of adhesives. In contrast, filters manufactured through chemical bonding released formaldehyde ranging from 0.002 to 0.006 mg/m2·h, which is attributed to residual binder components used during the manufacturing process. Although these levels meet the highest grade criteria (≤ 0.008 mg/m2·h) in the Korean eco-friendly building material certification for wallcoverings, meaningful emissions were still observed, and potential grade changes may occur depending on adhesive type, solid content, and coating amount. Furthermore, this study found that differences in the exposed surface (single-sided vs. double-sided) significantly influenced calculated emission rates. This result revealed the limitations of applying building-material-based chamber test methods to filter materials through which air directly flows. These findings highlight the necessity of developing dedicated testing standards for ventilation filters, including appropriate exposure definitions. Overall, this research confirms that ventilation filters should be incorporated into institutional management frameworks alongside conventional building finishing materials, given their direct influence on indoor air quality.

This study investigated odor generation and external leakage characteristics in a combined sewer system through field monitoring of manholes, catch basins, and box culverts. Odor samples were analyzed for malodor intensity in terms of the dilutionto- threshold (D/T) ratio using the air dilution sensory (ADS) test. In addition to the ADS tests, 22 offensive odorants as defined in the Korean Malodor Prevention Act were quantified. Among the odorants monitored, hydrogen sulfide showed not only the highest concentrations but was also the most frequently detected, indicating representative odor compounds. The mean hydrogen sulfide concentration reached 1,132 ppbv, with a maximum of 13,709 ppbv, corresponding to complex odor concentrations of up to 1,442 dilution-to-threshold units. On average, approximately 13% of the internal sewer odors escaped through manhole openings, which could easily cause odor nuisance exceeding the legal threshold at boundary lines. A comparison with national odor management standards indicated that the current regulations, based solely on in-pipe hydrogen sulfide concentration, do not adequately represent human sensory perception. The findings highlight the need to establish practical odor-control criteria that consider external leakage and perceptual intensity for effective sewer odor management in urban environments.

Ammonia (NH3) emitted from swine manure contributes to odor problems and environmental pollution in intensive livestock systems. Plant extracts containing natural saponins, such as Yucca schidigera (YS) and Quillaja saponaria (QS), are used as potential agents to reduce gaseous emissions. This study evaluated the effect of a YS–QS powdered extract on NH3 emissions from pig manure under controlled laboratory conditions. Nine cylindrical pots (23 cm diameter, 25 cm height) were filled with 5 kg of fresh pig manure and assigned to three treatments with three replicates each: untreated manure (T0), manure plus 250 mg/kg extract (T250), and manure plus 2,500 mg/kg extract (T2500). Pots were maintained at 30°C in insulated containers. The extract consisted of a commercially available YS–QS powder. Initial manure properties were pH 8.19 and oxidation-reduction potential –60 mV. Headspace NH3 concentrations were continuously measured using a multi-channel laser-based gas analyzer at ~67-second intervals. Based on the results, NH3 concentrations at day 0 for T0, T250, and T2500 were 35.31±11.07, 62.03±24.30, and 84.65±21.11 ppb, respectively. By day 2, the concentrations decreased to 29.40±12.69, 41.59±18.92, and 50.40±18.81 ppb. The overall reduction rates from day 0 to day 2 were 17% (T0), 33% (T250), and 40% (T2500), with T250 achieving approximately twice the reduction observed in T0. In conclusion, the YS–QS extract reduced NH3 emissions from pig manure, with treatments ≥250 mg/kg showing greater effectiveness than the untreated manure. These results support the potential use of plant-based additives to improve NH3 emission control in manure.

본 연구는 서울시 공공자전거(따릉이) 제도의 운영 현황과 이용 실적을 토대로 도시 교통 에서의 이산화탄소(CO₂) 배출 저감 효과를 정량적으로 분석하였다. 온실가스 배출량 산출 공식 IPCC 활동자료와 배출계수를 적용하여 따릉이의 연간 감축량을 산정하였으며, ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) 관점에서 환경적 효과, 사회적 가치, 제도 운영의 지 속가능성을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 따릉이는 2024년의 경우 연간 약 1,411톤의 CO₂ 배출 을 절감하고 있으며, 이는 생활 속 탄소중립 실천과 도시 교통의 지속가능성 제고에 기여 함을 보여 준다.

Designing long-wavelength emissive carbon dots (CDs) with high photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) is an inevitable component for lighting applications. However, it is still challenging to develop an efficient CDs with excitation-independent emission in long-wavelength regions. In this work, we developed an excitation-independent yellow emissive CD (y-CDs) with PL emission centered at 568 nm via a facile solvothermal treatment of citric acid and melamine using toluene as solvent. The synthesized, y-CDs contain a high degree of conjugated sp2- carbon domains (fused rings) with different surface groups, which serve as a center for photon absorption. The addition of melamine improves the degree of sp2- conjugated carbon domain and surface groups thereby switching the emission of y-CDs from excitation-dependent to excitation-independent emission with excellent PL QY of 80.2%, UV stability, and large Stoke shift. This work not only developed an efficient yellow emissive CD but also explored the possible mechanism of excitation-independent emission and used it for the development of phosphor-converted LEDs. The LED shows warm yellow light with CIE coordinates of (0.48, 0.49), CCT of 2983 K, excellent color purity of 94%, and high thermal stability. This study promotes the development of cost-effective and ecofriendly optoelectronic devices for smooth lighting applications.

In this study, when Butyl ether, a type of diether-based oxygenated fuel, is mixed in each volume ratio in a naturally aspirated direct injection diesel engine, the exhaust gas emission characteristics of the oxygenated component in the fuel affect each operating area of the engine I wanted to investigate the effect on. For comparative measurement of engine performance and exhaust emissions, commercial diesel and butyl ether mixed fuels were classified into 4 types according to the mixing ratio and tested. As the content of butyl ether in fuel increases, soot emission reduction increases, and when the maximum mixing amount of butyl ether (diesel 80vol-% + BE 20vol%) is applied, compared to the case of using only diesel as fuel, at 2500 rpm and no load, 39%, and about 32% of smoke reduction effect at full load was confirmed.

본 연구의 목적은 2023년 4월 충청남도 홍성군 대형산불피해지를 대상으로 산불로 인한 온실가스 배출량을 산정하여 국가 온실가스 인벤토리 고도화에 기여하고자 한다. 산불로 인한 온실가스 배출량은 2006년 IPCC 가이드라인에 따라 산정하였으며, 산정 인자인 연소면적은 Sentinel-2A 위성영상 기반의 differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR)을 활용하여 제작한 산불피해등급도를 이용하였고 지표층 및 수관층의 연료량 및 연소효율은 현장자료를 바탕으로 추정하였다. dNBR을 활용하여 제작한 산불피해등급도를 기반으로 산정한 온실가스 배출량은 약 19,336.9톤으로, 국립산림과학원 자료를 이용한 결과보다 약 4.0% 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 현장자료를 반영하여 산불로 인한 온실가스 배출량을 보다 정밀하게 산정한 데 의의가 있다. 향후에는 국내 생태계 특성을 반영한 각 요소별 고유 지표의 도입이 요구된다.

Accurate estimation of vehicle exhaust emissions at urban intersections is essential to assess environmental impacts and support sustainable traffic management. Traditional emission models often rely on aggregated traffic volumes or measures of average speed that fail to capture the dynamic behaviors of vehicles such as acceleration, deceleration, and idling. This study presents a methodology that leverages video data from smart intersections to estimate vehicle emissions at microscale and in real time. Using a CenterNet-based object detection and tracking framework, vehicle trajectories, speeds, and classifications were extracted with high precision. A structured preprocessing pipeline was applied to correct noise, missing frames, and classification inconsistencies to ensure reliable time-series inputs. Subsequently, a lightweight emission model integrating vehicle-specific coefficients was employed to estimate major pollutants including CO and NOx at a framelevel resolution. The proposed algorithm was validated using real-world video data from a smart intersection in Hwaseong, Korea, and the results indicated significant improvements in accuracy compared to conventional approaches based on average speed. In particular, the model reflected variations in emissions effectively under congested conditions and thus captured the elevated impact of frequent stopand- go patterns. Beyond technical performance, these results demonstrate that traffic video data, which have traditionally been limited to flow monitoring and safety analysis, can be extended to practical environmental evaluation. The proposed algorithm offers a scalable and cost-effective tool for urban air quality management, which enables policymakers and practitioners to link traffic operations with emission outcomes in a quantifiable manner.

This study analyzed the emission characteristics of major air pollutants from 97 domestic municipal solid waste incineration facilities using tele-monitoring system (TMS) data collected from 2015 to 2023. Focusing on the effects of the enforcement of enhanced national emission standards in 2019, this research examined changes in emission factors (EFs) of dust and nitrogen oxides (NOX) by facility capacity and aging level. The results showed that the average EFs for dust and NOX significantly decreased by up to 30% after enforcement (p<0.01~0.001), indicating the practical effectiveness of the strengthened standard. This trend was observed consistently across all facility sizes and aging levels, including large-scale and older facilities. In contrast, hydrogen chloride (HCl) and carbon monoxide (CO) did not show clear reductions and remained highly variable, suggesting that emission standards alone may not be sufficient for stable control. These findings demonstrate the need for optimized combustion conditions and improved post-treatment systems for pollutants such as HCl and CO. This study provides empirical evidence highlighting the importance of appropriate facility scale and systematic refurbishment cycles for stable emission reduction in municipal waste incinerators.