This study proposes a hierarchical optimization methodology for two-stage gear systems using Monte Carlo enhanced Genetic Algorithm (MCeGA). The approach integrates reliability-based design with genetic algorithms to overcome the inherent randomness of traditional GA methods. A two-phase optimization framework was developed. The system incorporates Unity engine for real-time 3D visualization and interactive design evaluation. Key design constraints including contact ratio, gear ratio, and meshing conditions were parameterized according to ISO 6336 and AGMA 2101 standards. The proposed framework enables application-specific optimal gear configurations through Pareto analysis and weighted optimization, providing engineers with practical design solutions for various industrial requirements.

This study sought various ways to prevent the occurrence of waste fishing gear and promote the recovery. It is expected that the problem of waste fishing gear can be effectively solved through measures such as strengthening education and publicity, technical measures, establishment of recovery infrastructure, and provision of incentives. In particular, introduction of the waste fishing gear recovery promotion point system gives fishermen practical motivation. It can be an important means of inducing leisure and sustainable fishing activities. In addition, by inducing the participation of private companies, it is expected to promote the recovery and recycling of waste fishing ports and contribute to the protection of the marine environment and fisheries resources. The government or local government should actively review the measures suggested in this study and prepare related laws and policies. In addition, it is necessary to establish a system to induce the participation of various stakeholders and support sustainable fishing activities through public-private cooperation. Through this, we will be able to achieve carbon neutrality goals in the fishing sector in response to climate change. This study suggests an early stage plan, and in future research, it is necessary to evaluate and find and improve practical effects through pilot projects. Moreover, it is necessary to study the management of closed fishing gear and carbon neutrality practice measures at the global level by seeking international cooperation measures. Consequently, more effective and sustainable marine environment and fishery resource protection measures can be prepared.

As discarded fishing gear settles or floats on the seabed, it destroys the spawning and habitat of fisheries resources that causes various safety accidents and adverse effects on the environment, such as generating microplastics and causing ship accidents. In order to solve this problem, this study is intended to present an implementation plan for establishing a fishing gear deposit system in order to use it as basic data for establishing policies for fishing gear management in Korea. In order to successfully implement the fishing gear deposit system, the deposit system must be established in the form of fishing gear completed at the production stage. It was found that the marking of the object should be easy, and that determining an appropriate deposit amount to motivate the return of waste fishing gear and establishing a convenient return procedure for returned waste fishing gear were important factors. In addition, transparent management of unreturned deposits and mandatory use of fishing gear subject to the deposit system for fishermen will be necessary. The role of a specialized organization to manage and operate all of these procedures is also very important. It is necessary to establish a new mandatory provision in the Fisheries Act to require fishermen who directly use fishing gear to use fishing gear with a deposit refund mark, and to ensure the implementation of the deposit system by linking it with the evaluation items of government policy projects. Since the main purpose of the deposit system is to collect discarded fishing gear, a support plan will be necessary in accordance with the purchase project for fishing waste salvaged by local governments in 2020.

Structural characteristics have been analyzed for gear system in a commercial iron bending machine which is widely used at many building construction sites. This complicated gear system in the bending machine is fundamental power transfer unit from electrical motors, and it is composed of various configuration structure including various spur and helical gear assembly. Main structural characteristics of the gear system such as stress and deformation distributions are predicted with numerical simulation of FEM method for various operating conditions of torque and rotation speed. Results show that there is large deformation in lower region of driving gear, and high stress near those contact area which is greatly affected by motor torque. These results can be applied for the design improvement of efficient gear system in the iron bar bending machine.

Recently, bicycle has means of effective healthy transportation, and riding the bicycles is considered as popular recreational and sporting activities. Also, the saddle, steering system, driving device and braking device are researched briskly because of consumer’s need for driving performance and comfort. Especially, the importance of a cassette responsible for transmission function by transmitting power to the drive shaft through the chain is very focused. The writer conducted structural analysis for the sprocket of each level using the ANSYS widely used for the analysis. Speed shifting performance was enhanced by minimization / simplification of shifting point through a sort of tooth profile of the cassette. By partitioning a clear value type and other shifting point, it has been modified to enable smooth speed-shifting. In addition, as titanium precision forming process, this study studied the molding technique by blanking and dies forging for mass production of the cassette. so it could be expected that the entire drive train would utilize that in the future. The stamping process capability for thin materials for the mass production of the sprockets is applicable to producing automobile parts, so lightweight component production is likely to be possible through that, for the safety of driving.

To overcome recent emission regulation, various hybrid systems are being developed. In the E-4WD(electric four wheel drive) system, the engine and transmission drive the front wheel, electric motor and single reduction gear drive the rear wheel. As the gear ratio of the reduction gear set determines the electric motor's operating point, the gear ratio is important to enhancement efficiency of hybrid system. This study is to analyze motor reduction gear ratio's influence on E-4WD hybrid system for optimized efficiency and driving performance. Fuel economy, operating point of power source and hybrid mode are analyzed using simulation developed with dynamic programming method.

The purpose of this study is to develop an automatic inspection system for a part of the differential drive gear into the transmission. his technology will make using the Micro Vision automatic test equipment and automatic test equipment microlaser. Which you want to create a zero defect rate in the total inspection process step the product and the operator inadvertently. The equipment developed in this research project will be applied to many areas. Packaging companies, nut bolt processing company, precisely supplier for printing on top of the semiconductor, SMT, etc. The company wants to sell the vision inspection equipment for various applications. When you realize zero defect rate through this technology to secure stable orders from the parent company, it is also possible product reliability in addition to the foundation based on export opportunities. If you want to apply an automatic inspection system for domestic auto parts manufacturing company in the country is to believed to be reliable car also rise significantly.

P/M enables the economical production of components for many kinds of gears. Functionally, the sub gear requires high tooth accuracy and bending fatigue strength. The whole tooth profile was sized after sintering to satisfy the gear tooth accuracy specification. The part was redesigned to reduce machining requirements. The required bending fatigue strength was achieved through appropriate material choice and induction of compressive residual stress by shotpeening after carburizing. The P/M sub gear replaced a forged steel gear, satisfied performance requirements, expanded the use of P/M applications and provided over 30% cost reduction.

As the basic study about improvement of yellow croaker drift gill net fishing implement and development of the fishing system, this study drew problem after synthetically analyzing hauling system of yellow croaker drift gill net used in the coast of Chuja Island and tested several characters and analyzed in hauling process with 5 step net hauler model for improving the problem. The analysis results are as follows. When the angle between axises of drum centers was small, it showed the tendency that hauling time was fast. Hauling time was faster when drum was 5 step rather than 3 step. When drum was 5 step, slippery phenomenon was small and hauling was stable. Tension was larger when drum was 5 step rather than 3 step. When drum was 5 step, the range of change of the maximum and minimum value was small and hauling was stable. When drum was 3 step, there was following formula between hauling time (Ht3) and angle between axises of drum centers (Ag) Ht3 : (7.15Hs-0.81) Ag-0.81, when drum was 5 step there was following formula.Ht5 : (6.45Hs-0.75) Ag0.10, here, Hs is hauling speed. When drum was 3 step and hauling speed was 28cm/sec, tension was T=0.08A83-1.60Ag3-0.49Ag+369.56(r=0.99), when drum was 5 step, tension was, T=-0.01Ag3+1.96Ag2-34.05Ag+414.58 (r-0.99), here, T was tension(g).

본 연구는 현용 전어 선망 어구.어법에 대한 실태조사에서 파악된 문제점과 조업시 어구의 수중 형상 및 어구에 대한 어군의 행동을 조사.분석한 전보의 결과를 바탕으로 어구 개발에 대한 방향을 설정한 후 고려되는 몇 가지 형태의 어구를 제시하고 이들 어구에 대한 모형 실험을 실시하였는데, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 현용 어구와 현용 어구의 75% 규모로 축소 (뜸줄 길이 기준)한 어구에 짐줄을 채택하였을 경우, 짐줄이 완전히 체결되기도 전에 발줄이 수면으로 부상하거나 수심 2∼3m 에서 짐줄이 체결되어 현용 어구구조에는 짐줄을 사용하는 것은 오히려 어획 성능을 저하시키는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 뜸줄과 발줄의 길이는 현용 어구의 60% 규모로 하고 그물의 양쪽 옆 부위를 최소 전개 깊이인 20m로 고정한 채 중앙부로 갈수록 깊이를 점차 증대시킨 어구 중 중앙부 깊이가 50m인 어구는 짐줄이 수심 20∼23m 이상에서 체결되고, 중앙부 깊이가 40m 와 30m인 어구는 체결 수심이 7∼15m 사이로 나타나 모든 어구에서 어군을 차단하는데 충분한 깊이를 보이지만 조업 어장의 수심과 조류 등을 고려하였을 경우 현장에 적용하기에는 중앙부 깊이가 40m 와 30m인 어구가 더 유리하다고 판단된다.

어구 크기를 대폭적으로 줄이면서 어획성능을 향상시킨 어구를 개량하고 조업자동화를 이룩할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 신광수산에서 사용하고 있는 실물어구를 가지고 양선간격 및 예망속도의 변화에 따른 해상실험을 통하여 어구 각부의 망고와 수중형상을 측정·분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 실물어구 각 부분의 망고는 양선간격과 예망속도가 증가함에 따라 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 2. 실물어구의 양선간격에 따른 오비기, 수비, 앞창, 자루 입구, 깔때기와 자루 뒤끝의 망고는 각각 8.4∼6.6, 17.4∼15.7, 17.9∼12.9, 19.0∼l3.6, 8.4∼8.3, 14.7∼11.1m이었고, 각 부분의 전개율은 16∼12, 24∼22, 38∼27, 83∼59, 93∼92, 54∼41%로 나타났다. 3. 실물어구의 예망속도에 따른 오비기, 수비, 앞창, 자루 입구, 깔때기, 자루 뒤끝의 망고는 각각 10.5∼7.7, 21.6∼l9.6, 16.9∼15.2, 17.1∼15.4, 8.2∼8.0, 14.7∼13.7m이었고, 각 부분의 전개율은 각각 19∼14, 30∼27, 36∼32, 74∼67, 91∼89, 54∼51%로 나타났다. 4. 오비기의 망고가 매우 낮게 형성되어 수비와 앞창의 망고가 불안정하고 극히 낮은 전개율로 인하여 포켓현상이 매우 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 5. 실물어구의 예망깊이는 양선간격과 예망속도의 증가에 따라 약간씩 말아지는 현상을 보였는데, 뜸줄 쪽보다는 발줄 쪽이 더 뚜렷하였다.

1999년 5월 29일부터 6월 30일까지의 남해안에서의 수심에 따른 수중광의 변화와 조업시간의 경과에 따른 예망 상대유속을 측정하고, 권현망어구에 대한 체장 4~7cm정도 되는 멸치들의 도피 반응행동을 관찰하고 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 남해안 통영, 거제 부근 멸치어장에서 수심에 대한 수중광의 변화를 자연대수 곡선식으로 나타내면 광흡수 계수 c는 대표적인 관측점에서 주로 0.24~1.03 범위로 나타나서, 멸치의 어구에 대한 시인도가 어장에 따라 클 것으로 보인다. 2) 권현망어구의 원형그물과 1/2축소그물의 자루그물 입구부분의 상대유속을 기준으로 할때, 수비와 자루의 연결부분의 유속비는 평균 1.46, 자루부분의 유속비는 평균 0.67로 나타나서, 어구의 부위에 따른 상대유속변화가 멸치의 유영운동과 도피운동에 영향을 줄 것으로 보인다. 축소된 권형망어구에 있어서의 멸치의 대망행동을 관찰한 결과 수비와 자루연결부분에서 빠져나가는 1분당 멸치도피수는 평균 455미 정도였으며, 자루의 앞에서 예인방향으로 유영하는 깔대기를 빠져나가는 1분당 멸치도피 수는 평균 308미 정도로 나타나서, 어구 전체적으로는 상당수의 멸치들이 능동적인 도피행동을 나타내는 것으로 추측된다.

기선권현망 어구를 대폭적으로 줄이여 어획 성능을 향상시킨 어구를 개량하고 자동화 조업시스템을 개발하기 위하여 현재 사용중인 어구를 1/2로 축소 제작한 시험어구를 가지고 양선간격과 예망속도의 변화에 따른 해상실험을 통하여 어구 각부의 망고와 수중형상을 측정.분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 시험어구 각 부분의 망고는 양선간격과 예망 속도가 증가함에 따라 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 2. 시험어구 A의 양선간격에 따른 오비기, 수비, 앞창, 자루 입구, 깔때기와 자루 뒤끝의 망고는 각각 10.8∼9.0, 12.0∼8.3, 12.6∼9.0, 10.4∼6.6, 4.6∼5.2, 8.8∼7.7m이었고, 각 부분의 전개율은 각각 36∼30, 21∼15, 31∼22, 80∼51, 80∼96, 59∼5l%로 나타났다. 3. 시험어구 B의 양선간격에 따른 오비기, 수비, 앞창, 자루 입구, 깔때기와 자루 뒤끝의 망고는 각각 9.1∼8.5, 9.8∼6.5, 11.2∼8.0, 11.0∼8.1, 4.7∼5.0, 7.0∼7.5m이었고, 각 부분의 전개율은 각각 30∼28, 18∼12, 27∼20, 85∼62, 87∼93, 47∼50%로 나타나 자루 입구와 깔대기 부분에서는 시험어구 A보다 다소 전개가 양호하였으나 다른 부분에서 약간 불량하였다. 4. 시험어구 A, B의 예망속도에 따른 각 부분의 망고는 양선간격에서와 거의 같았으나 변화폭은 다소 작았다. 5. 오비기와 수비 부분의 전개율이 30%정도로 매우 작기 때문에 포켓현상이 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 6. 모형어구 A의 수중형상은 양선간격과 예망속도가 증가에 따라 뒤 부분이 들리는 경향을 보인 반면에 시험어구 B는 거의 일정하였다. 7. 시험어구 A와 B의 예망깊이는 양선간격과 예망속도가 증가함에 따라 약간씩 얕아지는 현상을 보였는데, 뜸줄 쪽보다는 발줄 쪽이 뚜렷하다.

중층트롤어구의 수심 제어는 시스템의 복잡성과 비선형성 등으로 인하여 아직까지 자동화되지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 회류수조에서 작동되는 모형 트롤어구의 예망시스템을 제작하였으며, 이 시스템의 수심을 자동으로 제어하기 위해서 퍼지논리를 이용한 제어시스템을 구성하여 성능을 실험하였다. 제어시스템의 수심제어 규칙은 숙련된 항해사나 선장이 실제 조업에서 어구의 수심을 제어하기 위해 사용하는 지식을 제어규칙화 한 것과 모형실험에 적합하도록 수정한 규칙 두 가지를 사용하였다. 제어계의 성능은 예망속도를 일정히 유지하면서 목표수심을 스텝상으로 변경시켰을 때의 추종성능 실험과 목표수심을 일정히 유지하면서 예망속도를 변경시켰을 때의 보상성능을 실험을 통하여 분석하였다. 1. 본 연구에서 제안된 두 가지 제어기는 모두 일정한 유속(0.35m/s)에서 스텝상의 목표수심 변경에대해서 빠른 추종성능을 나타내었다. 특히 수정된 제어규칙에서는 모형 어구의 수십을 보다 안정되게 제어하였다. 2. 예망속도(유속)를 변화시켜 어구저항을 증감시킨 실험에서도 두 제어기는 비교적 양호한 보상 성능을 나타내었는데, 실제 조업에서 사용하는 규칙은 작은 외란에도 빨리 반응하였으며, 수정된 제어규칙은 수심편차가 어느 정도 커져야 제어동작을 하였다. 3. 본 연구에서 제작된 모형트롤시스템은 실물트롤 시스템의 운동 특성과 거의 일치하였고, 또한 설계된 제어기는 양호한 제어성능을 나타내어 모형실험을 통한 시스템의 해석과 실물 트롤시스템에 적용가능성이 높은 제어계의 설계가 가능하였다

As far as ship's cargo handling devicesareconcerned, the derrick system has been used comprehensively in the marine. Even though there are several new devices for ship's cargo gear, such as gantry crane, jib crane adn self unloader, the derrick system, with its improved rigging method, still retains its utmost reputations among ship's owners. Therefore the method of calculating the system's militating stresses in the course of cargo operation needs to be more convenient and analytical. Here the author attempts to introduce the calculating method of stresses by means of vector analysis. The calculating method is able to analyze the stresses acting in every part of the cargo gear systems, such as union purchase, slewing or its modified system.