This study implemented the survey and analysis of the exposure to radiation by using the questionnaire targeting H Health College, located in Daejeon from September 1st, 2014 to October 15th. A total of 400 copies of the questionnaire was distributed and among them, 385 copies, excluding 15 omitted ones (total collection ratio: 96.3%), were used for the analysis. The analysis results are as follows. For the harmfulness of radiation for diagnosis, the average of the health-related was 3.15 and the average of the health-unrelated was 2.82, which the health-related students recognized the harmfulness of radiation for diagnosis higher (p<.001). The necessity of radiation for diagnosis was appeared higher from the health-related students as the average of the health-related was 3.07 and 2.52 for the average of the health-unrelated (p<.001). The recognition on the prevention of the exposure to radiation was higher from the health-related students as the average of the health-related was 3.13 and 1.84 for the average of the health-unrelated (p<.001). From this study, the necessity of using radiation from the medical field and the recognition on its harmfulness appeared to have a big difference between the health-related and health-unrelated. For such, the accurate understanding of the recognition on radiation and the education to improve recognition on radiation are considered to be required.

This study was designed to provide the basic data of an effective nutrition education for desirable lifestyle and dietary habits to improve the nutritional status for the elderly by investigating health-related lifestyle, dietary habits, nutritional knowledge, and food intake of the elderly. The subjects included 58 elderly men and 146 elderly women. 35.8% had no more than an elementary school education. Most subjects (54.4%) were widows/widowers. Most subjects (71.0%) made over 150,000 won. 52.5% of subjects lived in houses. Smoking, drinking, exercise, the average sleeping time were significantly difference between the gender (p<0.05). In terms of dietary habits, our results showed that 80.9% of respondent eat regularly meals, including breakfast (83.5%). Both sexes prefer soft and salty food. Women enjoys more spicy and salty food compared with men and then shows meaningful difference (p<0.05). Their favorite meals are soup, stew, salad and boiled vegetables. Compared to women, men have a higher rate of correct answers about questions related to nutrition knowledge as showing significantly difference (p<0.05). In a study of dietary habits, they take in carbohydrates with the highest percentage and following by vegetables and fruits. The amount of meat, first and egg they eat is more than the previously. Eating meat is higher men as showing significant difference (p<0.05). In summary, nutritional status for the elderly shows healthy lifestyle and diet about half of those and most them try to live healthy life in future. It is hope that the elderly may need to learn proper nutrition knowledge for healthy lifestyle and nutrition education and counseling for building up healthy lifestyle and desirable dietary habits. Furthermore, it is necessary to start work to establish a baseline nutritious evaluation for the elderly and at a time to study the development of standard eating tool proven reliability and validity, consequently to provide a basic framework for the evaluation of nutritional status.

기존의 많은 흡연 연구는 담배 소비 경험을 흡연자의 인지적 측면을 중심으로 이해하고자 하였다. 그러나 흡연자는 담배 소비를 통해서 쾌락적 동기나 사회적 동기를 충족하는 과정에서 자신과 타인에 대한 죄책감이라는 부정적인 정서를 경험할 수 있다. 구체적으로, 흡연자의 담배소비 행동이 흡연자의 이상적 자기개념이나 사회적 자기개념이라 는 기준에 부합하지 않을 때 죄책감이 발생할 수 있다. 이와 관련해서 본 연구는 담배를 소비하는 과정에서 발생하는 죄책감이라는 부정적 정서 경험을 중심으로 흡연자의 심리적 기제를 이해하고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 흡연자는 담배 소비가 제공하는 쾌락적 혜택보다 신체적 피해를 더 크게 지각할수록 자신에 대한 죄책감과 타인에 대한 죄책감을 더 강하게 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 흡연자에 대한 사회적 이미지를 부정적으로 지각할수록 타인에 대한 죄책감을 더 강하게 경험하였다. 또한 자신에 대한 죄책감과 타인에 대한 죄책감은 금연 의향을 높이는 것으로 밝혀 졌다. 이와 같은 연구 결과는 흡연자 자신에 대한 죄책감(예. 담배가격 인상)과 타인에 대한 죄책감(예. 간접흡연이 가족의 건강에 미치는 피해를 보여주는 금연 광고)을 유발하는 금연 캠페인이 흡연자의 금연 의향을 높일 수 있다는 점을 제안한다.

Objective : The main purpose of this study was to analyze the structural relationship among factors that have an impact on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) in three groups: A stroke patient group (Exp 1), high-risk stroke patient group (Exp 2), and a normal control group.Methods : For this survey, we conducted a secondary analysis using ‘the fifth Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (2010-2011)’, and investigated 2,293 elderly people over 65 years in age.Results :The results were as follows: HRQOL had a significant difference among groups (control›Exp2›Exp1) (p<.05). In the total effect of the experimental 1 groups, their HRQOL was significantly affected by their mental health (β=.425), self-rated health (β=.391), and medical health (β=.290)(p<.05). In the total effect of the experimental 2 group, their HRQOL was significantly by their self-rated health (β=.425), medical health (β =.272), mental health (β=.249), and functional health (β=.234) (p<.05). In the total effect of the control group, their HRQOL was significantly affected by their self-rated health (β=.398) and mental health (β=.184)(p<.05).Conclusion : In conclusion, this study suggested two matters to improve the HRQOL in people with or without a stroke. First, to improve the HRQOL in people suffering from senility, a different approach is needed according to whether the person has had or not had a stoke. Particularly in stroke patients, we should treat both their physical disability and mental health. Second, regardless of whether they have had a stroke, their HRQOL is influenced strongly by their self-rated level of health, and therefore an improvement of HRQOL will be induced by promoting positive health behaviors.

The present study was designed to investigate health-related life habits, food preference, body composition for proper dietary habits, health promotion of communities in Incheon area. The effects of personal characteristics and health-related life habits such as gender, age, having breakfast, smoking, drinking, and exercise were analyzed using a surveying. 961 community subjects (262 males and 699 females) were investigated using a questionnaire and Inbody. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi squared test, and one-way ANOVA (analysis of variation) with SPSS/WIN 21.0. The result of gender distribution showed there were 262 males and 699 females, and with respect to the effect of gender on healthrelated life habits, smoking, drinking, and exercise showed significant differences (p<0.05), whereas having breakfast was not significantly difference (p>0.05). Therefore, the present provide evidence of a relationship between health-related life habits and gender. Regarding the effect of BMI on health-related life habits, exercise showed significant differences (p<0.05), whereas smoking, drinking, and having breakfast were not significantly difference (p>0.05). Thus, the present study also provides evidence of a relationship between health-related life habits and BMI. Our analysis shows that food preference and body composition were significant different from health-related life habits such as smoking, drinking, exercise, and having breakfast (p<0.05). Our analysis showed that body composition was significant differences from health related habits such as smoking, drinking, exercise, and breakfast (p<0.05). In conclusion, the present study suggests that diet guidelines support and improve health promotion designed by communities.

This study aimed to identify the effects of health-related menu choice attributes on customer behavioral intentions at wellbeing restaurants and analyze the moderating effects of food involvement and trust, which can influence customer preference and their intentions to visit well-being restaurants. This study designed a survey, and 351 respondents who have eaten at well-being restaurants completed the questionnaire. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted to identify underlying dimensions related to health-related menu choice attributes, food involvement, and customer behavioral intentions toward well-being restaurants. The three factors regarding health-related menu choice attributes and the three factors related to food involvement were identified. In order to test the relationships between health-related menu choice attributes and behavioral intentions as well as to investigate the moderating effects of food involvement and trust, hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. Results indicated that the three factors of health-related menu choice attributes were significantly and positively related to behavioral intentions. Among food involvement factors, dining environment and cooking were significantly related to behavioral intentions toward well-being restaurants. Trust had a significant influence on behavioral intentions. Results showed that food involvement and trust could moderate the effects of health-related menu choice attributes on behavioral intentions toward well-being restaurants.

This study was designed to investigate dietary life related to sodium of participants in hypertension and diabetes preventive education at the public health center located in Incheon Metropolitan City. Subjects were comprised of 301 adults (males: 102, female: 199) of age 50 years and above. The questionnaire for dietary life and salty taste assessment were performed on the subjects. Data were analyzed using SPSS package (ver. 18.0). According to the result of questionnaire for dietary behavior, 70% of the subjects were in the low salt intake group (p<0.001). In the result of questionnaire for dietary frequency, all ages groups were in the low salt intake group (p<0.01). The data of questionnaire for dietary behavior showed that the subjects of age above 75 years preferred salted seafood, soup, and kimchi (p<0.01). The data of questionnaire for dietary frequency showed that the subjects of age between 65 and 74, least chose fried kimchi, noodle, and soybean paste soup with clams (p<0.05), and the healthy adult groups chose kimchi stew, ssam and ssamjang (p<0.05). The score for dietary behavior in male subjects was higher than female subjects (p<0.01). In particular, the score for dietary frequency was the lowest in the subjects of age between 65 and 74 (p<0.01). The mean value of salty taste assessment in the subjects was 0.41% which is higher than the ideal value of 0.3% (p<0.01). Offering more nutrition education and continuous feedback of healthcare center may be needed to improve the health status of the adults.

The purpose of this study was to compare weight control behaviour, eating habits, and health-related life habits accordingto degree of obesity among normal, overweight, and obese groups. Self-perception of weight and desire for weight controlin males (p<0.001) and females (p<0.001) varied among the three groups. Reasons (p<0.001), experience (p<0.01), andmethod of weight control (p<0.05) were different among the three female groups, whereas males did not show anydifferences. Intake of nutritional supplements in the male obese group was higher compared to other groups (p<0.01),whereas eating habits were not significantly different among the three groups for both males and females. Food habits scorefor intake of fruits, milk, and yogurt were higher in females than males (p<0.001). Correlation coefficients of food habitsscore and anthropometric measurements showed that hip circumference was negative for intake of fruits in males, whereasRBW and BMI were positive for food combination, intake of bean products, and fishes in females (p<0.05). Frequency andfitting exercise in the obese female group were lower than in the other groups (p<0.01). Therefore, proper nutritionaleducation for obese individuals is recommended proper self-perception of weight, good food habits, and regular exercise.

This study was conducted to investigate the degree of practice of dietary behavior and dining out in accordance with intake of sodium among male and female adults aged 20 years or older residing in the Seoul Metropolitan area or Chungcheong Province. A total of 530 copies of the questionnaire were distributed from May to July, 2014. The SH group who responded that they eat a lot of sodium constituted 30.6% (158 people), followed by the SM group who responded that their sodium intake is about average at 55.7% (288 people) and the SL group who answered that they do not eat much sodium at 13.7% (71 people). Those in the SL group showed positive results for dietary behavior patterns. The SL group showed the lowest rate in terms of how often they eat harmful foods, including processed foods, sweet foods, salty foods, or food with high animal fat content such as pork belly. Positive results among the SL group were prominent in terms of avoiding over-drinking, regular exercise, and nutritional knowledge, indicating greater health management. The distribution of each group in terms of self-perceived sodium intake showed significant differences across age, gender, and household income in terms of frequency of fast food intake, regularity of meals, purchase of foods with consideration of sodium amount, frequency of missed meals, balance of food intake, and health management habits.

This study presents a smartphone application, named「Vepi Tools」. This stand-alone type application is aiming at supporting on-site decision-making for animal health professionals. It provides basic calculations of epidemiology including estimating disease frequency, measuring associations using two-by-two table, calculating sample sizes to detect disease, and to estimate a mean or prevalence. Rationale and examples are available for each function. This study shows some use cases with this「Vepi Tools」application.

This study was carried out to analyze the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and general characteristics, psychological factors, eating habits, dietary behaviors, and health related quality of life using survey of 335 women aged 20 to 29 years in the Seoul and Kyungin areas. The 335 study subjects were divided into 4 groups by BMI (㎏/㎡) levels; normal group(18.5≤BMI≤22.9), overweight group(23.0≤BMI≤24.9), mild obesity group(25.0≤BMI≤29.9), and heavy obesity group (BMI≥30) by Asian-Pacific obesity index criteria. The family income of the heavy obesity group was significantly (p<0.05) less than that of the normal weight group. Psychological factors, such as stress and depression of the normal weight group tended to be higher than those of overweight and obesity groups. The higher BMI level had the lower self-efficacy(p<0.05) among all subjects. As the BMI level increased, the preference for sweet, salty, and hot taste was significantly high. We found that normal weight women had healthier eating habits and dietary behaviors and a higher level of health-related quality of life than did those who were overweight, mildly obese, and heavily obese women. Overweight and mildly and heavily obese women were strongly associated with decreased physical and mental health related quality of life. Therefore, weight loss is desirable, and is likely to be beneficial for health-related quality of life in obese adult women. In conclusion, this study contains evidence to suggest that obesity management programs including different strategies according to obesity are required to determine the types of programs that are suitable for adult women, prior to their initiation of a program. The findings are helpful to inform researchers and practitioners who are seeking to implement appropriate strategies to create positive changes in the health behaviors of obese adult women.

The purpose of this study was to estimate the consumption prevalence of vitamin and mineral supplements as health functional foods (VM-HFF) and to examine the factors associated with VM-HFF consumption behaviors in adolescents. A total of 1,407 adolescents attending middle or high schools from various cities and rural communities in Korea participated in this study. The prevalence of VM-HFF consumption was 41.7%, with boys showing a higher consumption than girls (p<0.01). VM-HFF consumption was higher in families with higher socioeconomic status and for families with parents that exhibited higher concerns about their child's health, growth, and nutritional intake (p<0.001). Most consumers of VM-HFF consumed HFFs 'when healthy' (50.1%), and acquired nutritional information from 'their families & relatives' (50.9%). Most consumers responded that VM-HFF was 'a little effective' (54.3%), followed by 'no obvious effects' (37.1%), and 'very effective' (7.4%). The effectiveness of consuming VM-HFF was mainly for 'fatigue recovery' (39.0%) and 'health improvement' (28.2%). Most consumers purchased HFFs at 'pharmacies & oriental medicine clinics' (53.8%) and at 'health functional food stores' (18.8%). Most consumers 'occasionally' (51.1%) or 'seldom' (27.3%) checked nutrition facts when purchasing, with 58.9% of consumers understanding the nutritional label for 'the most part', but only 8.7% of them understanding it 'very well'. Among the VM-HFF, consumers preferred calcium- and vitamin C-supplements. Consumers' mini-dietary assessment scores were higher than those of non-consumers. The results above showed that VM-HFF consumption was widely spread among adolescents, but few consumers checked and understood the nutrition label when they purchased VM-HFF, and were highly dependent on the advice and information from non-professional nutritionists, such as families & relatives. Therefore, it is necessary to educate adolescents to help them read nutrition labels and select the proper VM-HFF.

This study investigated the effect of a health-related lifestyle on knowledge, attitude, control belief and behavior intention toward breast-feeding of male and female university students in order to develop a breast-feeding education program for students of childbearing age. The subjects were 445 university students (125 male and 325 female) residing in eight provinces in Korea. The overall percentage of subjects intending to breast-feed their baby was 80.7% (73.6% of males and 84.2% of females). Overall, 84.2% of the subjects had high concerns about their health status. Scores reflecting a positive attitude, knowledge, and control beliefs toward breast-feeding were significantly higher (p<0.05~p<0.001) in female students, students majoring in medicine, and higher grades. The students who scored high at attitude, knowledge, and control beliefs also had a significantly higher (p<0.001) intention to breast-feed. When we investigated the sub factors of attitudes toward breast-feeding, significantly more students taking nutrient supplements scored high for physiological factors (p<0.05) and health-related factors (p<0.01). Significantly more non-smoking and non-drinking students scored high for health-related factors (p<0.001) and physiological factors (p<0.001), respectively. The intention to breast-feed was found to be significantly higher (p<0.01) in students who did not smoke, but not with other health-related lifestyles. In summary, these results indicate that the majority of university students intend to breast-feed, with students having a positive attitude, higher knowledge, and stronger control beliefs having a higher intention to breast-feed. Although a student's health-related lifestyle affects their attitudes on the physiological and health-related aspects of breast-feeding, only smoking status had an observable connection on the intention to breast-feed. Thus, when developing breast-feeding education programs for students, we recommend efforts to enhance a favorable attitude, knowledge, and control beliefs toward breast-feeding.

Proper skin care promotes good metabolism and the biological activity of skin, helps maintain the skin in a healthy and beautiful state when combined with nutritional nourishment. Health functional foods are being used for the purpose of enhancing efficient skin care. Health functional foods related to skin care maintain the epidermis, dermal fibroblast layer and subcutaneous tissue that form the skin. Efficient functional foods alleviate the signs of endogenous aging that come with getting older and exogenous aging caused by sunlight. Even though the field of skin care related to health functional foods has received less attention and been the subject of less research compared to functional cosmetics which are developing widely, this area of skin care that maintains and improves the layer of dermal fibroblast through the intake of food, is expected to progress with the commercialization of products in many fields when the related technical research development is galvanized and the related patents are applied for. Research into health functional foods related to skin care in Korea started rather late in comparison to other advanced countries where patents for relevant techniques have been applied for since 1990's together with research conducted on how they might be used for practical purposes. This study used the key words ‘skin care, health functional food’ to search for Korean patents that have been applied for at the Korean Intellectual Property Office from 1983 to 2011 using the KIPRIS database, in order to help researchers in the related fields by organizing the patented formulas for health functional foods for skin care which have gained attention recently. According to the number of registrations in each industry field, the total number of patents was 1, 120 we screened the major patents among them, the field with the largest number was food foodstuff non-alcoholic beverage and preparation or treatment(A23L) with 135, then natural plant medicine & medical supplies and cosmetics(A61K) with 112, microorganisms or enzymes(C12N) with 63, heterocyclic compounds(C07D) with 44, horticulture or cultivation of sea weeds, forestry(A01G) 16 times, listed from the highest to the lowest number of applications. It has been revealed that food, foodstuff, non-alcoholic beverage and preparation or treatment(A23L) was the industry field where the most patents for health functional foods related to skin care were registered.

We surveyed 848 university students, 21.4±2.5 years of age, attending university in Seoul, Kongju, Chongyang-Gun in the Chungnam province of Korea, for their use of health functional foods (HFF) and for significant variables in this use, namely demographic characteristics, health related variables, dietary variables and nutritional beliefs. The prevalence of the use of HFF was 33.6%. Among all types of HFF, nutritional supplements were taken most frequently, followed by (in order) red ginseng products, apricot extract products and ginseng products. HFF use was higher in females (p<.05), in subjects living in a dormitory (p<.05) and those from families with a relative high socioeconomic status (p<.001). Self-health concern (p<.05) and usage ratio of HFF by family (p<.001) was higher in users than in nonusers of HFF. The total score of dietary assessment was higher in users than in nonusers of HFF (p<.001), and users had a more positive point of view concerning the potential health benefits of HFF than did nonusers (p<.001). Most users took HFF when they were healthy (37.2%) or when they were sick (27.4%). They did not feel special effects through the HFF use (49.8%). Most users got the information about the specifics of HFF from family and/or relatives (55.8%). Most of users confirmed nutrition facts when they purchased the HFF (70.9%), but a considerable number of users could not understand these nutrition facts (48.1%). Users preferred vitamin C- and Ca-supplements most among vitamin · mineral supplements belonged to HFF. These results show that the use of HFF is common among university students. As well, the use of HFF by students is affected by various variables. Supplementary nutritional education should be undertaken among university students, in order to give them a reasonable guideline for the use of HFF, based upon influencing factors and usage behaviors that we learned from this survey.

Understanding awareness and wearing behavior of functional textiles for silver generation is expected to contribute to clothing products development to improve and maintain their health and marketing strategy fit for user characteristics. For empirical research, a survey was developed and the aged 50 and above were 332 respondents. The results of the study are as follows. First, the level of awareness for both comfort-oriented and health/safetyoriented functional fabrics in high health-conscious group was much higher than that in low health-conscious group. In number of wearing times, health body and high-conscious group wear comfort-oriented fabrics more frequently, while weak body group wear health/safety-oriented fabrics more often. The health-consciousness significantly influenced the possession of active sportswear with various functions. Second, the awareness of functional fabrics in exercise activities groups was much higher than that in exercise-conscious groups. High exercise activities group know more about the wet sensation-related fabrics and clothing materials for outdoor activities. Low exerciseconscious group put on health/comfort-oriented fabrics for casuals more frequent than functional fabrics for sportswear. High exercise activities group preferred to wear sportswear suitable for outdoor activities. The aged people have a lot of health/comfort-oriented functional casual wear appropriate for indoor activities regardless of exerciseconsciousness. However, the more they enjoy exercise activities the more they are interested in functional sportswear. Even though they were unconcerned with exercise, older people are interested in functional casual clothes. As a conclusion, the high interest in health and exuberant activities in silver generation arose the necessity of new multi-functional clothing products.

The aim of this study was to compare the dietary patterns and behaviors of female university students according to their type of residence. The subjects consisted of 369 female students from the Gyeongju area. This cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. The SPSS 14.0 statistical package was used for the data analysis. The results are as follows: the height and weight means were 162.7±4.6 cm and 53.9±6.7 kg respectively. For BMI, 44.2% of the subjects were with in the normal (18.5-23) and 49.1% were underweight and 6.2% were overweight. In terms of alcohol consumption, 78.9% of the subjects consumed alcoholic beverages, and there was no significant difference by the type of residence However, for drink proportion and the preferred type of alcoholic drink there were significant differences by the type of residence (p〈0.001). Third, for smoking status and the intention of quitting smoking there were significant differences by the type of residence (p〈0.000, p〈0.05 respectively). Also, for exercise regularity and preference as well as food preference and taste, there were again significant differences by the type of residence (p〈0.001). Finally, in terms of breakfast intake and kinds of foods eaten at breakfast significant differences were found by the type of residence (p〈0.01).

This study was carried out to analyze any possible changes in the heart rate variability(HRV) of white-collar workers of a manufacturing firm based in Chollabuk-do Province when they are stressed due to their daily job performance and thereby to help them seek a more effective method of the management of their health and help them form more desirable habits of living by finding out how seriously his or her stresses from his or her job performance affect their quality of life(QOL). As a process of the above-mentioned manufacturer's plan to do an Oriental health examination on its white-collar workers, each of the workers of the firm was given a copy of questionaires. The questionaires carried questions regarding each of the workers' general characteristics, clinical history, health-related lifestyle and the QOL and each of the workers was asked to provide his answers to the questions listed on the questionaire. The examination progressed to measure any possible changes in the HRV of an individual worker. Among all of the questionaires filled out and collected from the workers, a total of 423 data were used as the data of the research except those that had answers which were not appropriate for the purpose of the research. The analysis of each of the workers' health related quality of life(HRQOL) showed that the younger, the lower the standard of education is, each of the subjects was found to tend to show a relatively higher QOL if only he is healthy. With regard to the worker's habits of living, those who exercise on a regular basis and who get a good sleep were also found to have a comparatively higher QOL With reference to the HRV, young workers, those who have spouses, those with a high level of academic background, those with a short work experience were found to tend to have a relatively higher HRV. As regards each worker's habits of living, those who do exercise on a regular basis were found to have a comparatively higher index of HRV. RMSSD was found to have an impact on workers' general health, on the other hand TP was found to have an impact on workers' role of emotion. This result was based on findings through analyzing interrelation between HRV and QOL that stresses have an impact on the QOL. Taking a look at the above results, it was learned that individual worker's efforts to promote his or her health, along with establish desirable habits of living, these two qualities are important methods to improve the quality of life. In addition, control of stresses is necessary to improve the QOL, which is possible through emotional stabilization.