PURPOSES : Recently, the generation of industrial by-products has been increased owing to the increase in electrical power consumption. This experimental study investigated a special mortar development using outstanding benefits of porous structures in heavy oil fly ash (HOFA) and bottom ash (BA) to reduce heat transfer and weight of tunnel repair mortar. METHODS : Based on the concept of materials usable for this objective being porous and light, the physical and chemical properties of heavy oil fly ash and bottom ash were analyzed to determine the application possibility for tunnel repair mortar. In addition to satisfying this primary requirement, the research aimed at determining the relationships between the characteristics of porous structures and effectiveness of reducing weight and thermal conductivity. This study was undertaken on the use of bottom ash as fine aggregate and heavy oil ash as filler in mortar mix proportion. Four different levels of bottom ash (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, and 5%), and 10%, 15%, and 20% of heavy oil fly ash were investigated to determine the proper replacement amount within the designed specification. According to the analytic results on the effectiveness of both by-products and chemical additives, the repair mortar with optimum mixture proportion was investigated using various tests including thermal conductivity and porosity. RESULTS : The use of porous by-products increased the demand for mixing water in obtaining the required flowability, but the compressive strength did not decrease significantly in proportion by adding an amount of bottom ash. Based on the results, bottom ash can be replaced with aggregate as much as 50%, but adding an amount of heavy oil ash is suggested as below 10% in formulation. CONCLUSIONS : The optimized repair mortar, which was produced by conclusive formulation, was evaluated as a high-performance material to repair tunnels with the effectiveness of porous and remarkable physical properties.

Since it was developed by Joseph Aspdin, cement has been a common construction materials up to the present time.However, there are trace constituents in cement clinker. One of the trace constituents included in cement clinker, chromium,has become prominent and highly noticed lately as a social issue both inside and outside of this country because it affects thehuman body negatively. The aim of the present study was to investigate the concentration of water-soluble hexavalent chromiumin cement clinker by using industrial by-products. For that reason, raw materials were prepared to add different SiO2 , Al2O3,and Fe2O3 sources. After the raw materials such as the limestone, the sand and the clay, iron ore was pulverized and mixed,and the raw meal was burnt at about 1450oC in a furnace with an oxidizing atmosphere. The part in the raw materials of theclinker was substituted with slag, sludge, etc. and this was used to manufacturing cement clinker. To investigate the water-soluble hexavalent chromium content in clinker, raw meal was prepared by changing the modulus, the type, and the contentof clinker materials and tested concentrations of hexavalent chromium in the clinkers. To determine Cr+6 formation of theclinker, tests were done with raw meals adding chromium by using different industrial by-products. Consequently because thechromium was to be included in the raw materials of the clinker, production of Portland cement clinker was included with thechromium. Also, the chromium was converted into hexavalent chromium in the burning process.

산업부산물을 활용하여 친환경적인 재자원화를 도모하고 화재에 대비한 콘크리트의 내화성능 및 폭열을 방지하고자 산업부산물(플라이애시, 고로슬래그 미분말)과 섬유(PVA섬유, 강섬유)를 혼입한 내화모르타르의 압축강도 잔존률을 비교분석하여 내화모르타의 역학적 특성을 파악하고, 내화소재 개발에 대한 기초적인 자료로 활용하고자 한다.

유전자를 통해 개인의 질병 · 신체적 특징 정보를 분석하는 "유전자 혁명" 시대가 열리고 있다. 최근 유전자 분석 기술의 발전으로 가격과 분석 기간이 급속도로 줄고 있기 때문이다. 인간은 DNA 내 30억 쌍의 염기서열에 유전자를 담고 있는데, 염기서열을 분석하는 컴퓨터 성능이 크게 발전한 덕분이다. 이러한 시대에 맞춰 정부에서도 유전자 검사에 관한 새로운 상품 및 서비스에 맞는 인증, 허가 기준을 위한 산업융합 규제 샌드박스 제도를 실시하게 되었다. 규제 샌드박스는 신산업・ 신기술 분야에서 새로운 제품이나 서비스를 출시할 때 일정 기간 동안 기존 규제를 면제하거나 유예시켜주는 제도이다. 우리나라에서도 이러한 비용 절감이 우리생활에서 쉽게 할 수 있는 유전자검사로 이어졌고 지난 2016년 6월 ‘생명윤리 및 안전에 관한 법률’이 개정되면서 민간 기업이 일반인을 대상으로 한 유전자 분석 서비스, DTC(Direct to Consumer, 소비자 직접 의뢰) 상품시장이 열렸다. 이에 의료 · 제약업체들이 유전자 검사 서비스를 속속 출시, 다양한 유통채널을 통해 판매하고 있는 모습이다. 이에 국내에 제공되고 있는 개인 유전자 DTC 검사 키트 상품을 경험디자인적 관점에서 분석하여 검사 신청에서 실질적인 검체 채취와 반송에 이르기 까지 가장 적합한 유전자검사 키트 상품 제안은 의미가 크다고 하겠다. 사용자의 경험을 기반으로 한 유전자검사 키트 상품 개발은 앞으로 효율적이고 대중적인 개인 유전자 검사보급에 기초 적 자료 활용이 가능할 것이며 새로운 의료 문화형성과 국민보건의료 향상에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

A huge amount of de-icing agent is sprayed during winter to promote traffic safety in cold regions, and the quantity of de-icing agent sprayed has increased each year. The main ingredients in commonly used de-icing agents are chlorides, such as calcium chloride(CaCl2) and sodium chloride(NaCl). While calcium chloride is mostly used in Korea and sodium chloride is usually used in the U.S. and Japan, all de-icing agents include chloride ions. The chlorides included in sprayed calcium chloride-based de-icing agents have severe adverse effects, including the corrosion of reinforcing steels through salt damage by infiltrating into road structures, reduced structural performance of pavement or damage to bridge structures, and surface scaling, in combination with freezing damage in winter, as well as water pollution. In addition, the deterioration of paved concrete road surface that occurs after the use of calcium chloride-based de-icing agent accelerates the development of visual problems with traffic structures. Therefore, the present study was performed to prepare an environment-friendly liquid de-icing agent through a reaction between waste organic acids and calcium-based by-products, which are industrial by-products, and to analyze the properties of the de-icing agent in order to evaluate its applicability to road facilities.

국내･외 간접탄산화 연구는 기술의 경제성 확보를 위해 용제 재사용 방안에 초점을 맞추고 있으며, 효과적으로 재사용이 가능한 새로운 용제에 대한 연구를 필요로 하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 킬레이트제인 trisodium citrate, malonic acid disodium salt, adipic acid disodium salt를 이용하여 알칼리 산업부산물인 제지슬러지 소각재(PSA)와 시멘트 킬른 더스트(CKD)로부터 칼슘을 용출하는 실험을 수행하였으며, 탄산화를 통해 고순도 탄산칼슘을 생성하고 용제를 재사용하는 방법을 알아보았다. 각 용제 별로 PSA와 CKD로부터 칼슘을 용출하고 탄산화하는 과정을 3회 반복하였고, 용제 재사용을 위한 칼슘용출 및 탄산화반응의 적정조건을 도출하였다. 실험결과, 모든 용제에 대해 칼슘용출효율은 CKD가 PSA보다 더 높았으나, 탄산화효율은 두 가지 산업부산물의 차이가 거의 없었다. 또한 3회의 용제 재사용 실험이 진행되는 동안 칼슘용출효율, 탄산화효율, 탄산칼슘 생성량 및 순도가 일정하게 유지되는 것을 확인하였다. 고액비 1:50 조건에서 PSA와 CKD로부터 칼슘을 용출하는 용제의 최적농도는 0.1~0.3 M이었으며, 탄산화효율은 70~90 %이었다. 용제를 3회 반복 사용하여 얻은 평균 이산화탄소 저장량은 용제별로 차이가 있었고, trisodium citrate, malonic acid disodium salt, adipic acid disodium salt 용제에 대해 각각 199, 125, 102 kg-CO2/ton-waste이었다. 탄산칼슘 생성량은 세 가지 용제에 대해 각각 452, 284, 232 kg-CaCO3/ton-waste이었다. 수득한 탄산칼슘은 XRD 분석을 통해 calcite임을 확인하였으며, 탄산칼슘의 순도는 최대 99.6 %이었다.

There structures are build up due to marine concrete development. These marine concrete long-term exposure to water occurs when the rebar corrosion or cracks destroyed. We study to improve this phenomenon. We had the Salt durability assessment that accompanies.

There structures are build up due to marine concrete development. These marine concrete long-term exposure to water occurs when the rebar corrosion or cracks destroyed. We study to improve this phenomenon. We had the Salt durability assessment that accompanies.

In this study, industrial by-products such as desulfurization gypsum and C12A7-based slag was used for activating recycling water. Consequently, it was verified via test that workability and compressive strength were not affected on activated-sludge.

This study is to find compatibility materials of industrial by-product and ocher mixed plants mats at different formulation. We compare Four formulation. Experiment are permeability, water content, cohesion of mat. Resultingly, Ocher formulation have effectively strong cohesion of met.

Nowadays, we are witnessing all the industrial structures being reorganized on the axis of the carbon dioxide technology to solve the problem of global warming. Therefore, there is need for various approaches even in the construction material industry to realization of the reduction of greenhouse gases and the recycling. Thus, this study sought to apply low energy binder material manufactured with industrial by-products to the extruded panels and develop a composite panel through the modularization of the insulator and the extruded panel. Results are as follows. Regarding the physical properties, the LEC panel had a lower flexural strength with 1.0 N/mm2 than the plain panel, while showing no less absorption rate, percentage of water content, density and compression strength than the plain panel. Panels and insulation attachment was found suitable for B Bond's XPS. It is found that B's glue for XPS is appropriate for putting together the panel and the insulator. As for the thermal transmission coefficient, the LEC panel was lower with 0.384 W/mK than the plain panel but the difference with the composite panel was a mere 0.047 W/mK indicating a similar thermal property to that of the plain composite panel.

Mineral carbonation, the return technology of Carbon dioxide into the Nature as a generating source, has been studied by advanced countries. Industrial by-products can be used as economical resource for mineral carbonation. This study is intended as an investigation of effluent recycling of liquid carbonation with carbon dioxide fixation using industrial by-products. The nitrogen and carbon dioxide was used by mixing the same as the exhaust gas concentration 15vol%. Carbon dioxide absorbent was used as Mono Ethanol Amine (MEA) concentration of 5~30wt% and then concentration of carbon dioxide absorption were analyzed. After carbonation reaction, Concentration of dissolved inorganic cations and conversion of carbonation were analyzed by ion chromatography, thermogravimetric, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope(SEM). Effluent was recycled MEA and water using RO system. These results Confirmed potential of CO2 reduction and Utilization of carbonation using industrial by-products.

In the cement industry, a large amount of CO2 is emitted from the first production step, and moreover the most of secondary products go through a variety of curing processes in which fossil fuels are used, causing additional CO2 emissions. Thus there is need for developing technology so that the secondary cement products are to be processed with no or less frequent curing in the manufacturing stage, helping not only reduce CO2 emissions but also improve the economical efficiency. Thus, this study seeks to make a comparative analysis of the engineering characteristics of extruded panels which are manufactured using CSA, calcined kaolins and CAMC inorganic binder, and those of traditional extruded cement panels, and then to use the results as basic data for developing LEC extruded panels. The experiment results showed that unit weight and density of extruded panels were similar to those of the traditional mix of ordinary Portland cement, and that the ratios of the former’s water content and water absorption were 2~3% higher than those of the latter. On a material age basis of 28 days, the compressive strength was shown to be about 4.5 N/mm² more with 64.6 N/mm² for the 35 mm thickness, and 24.9 N/mm² more with 84.2 N/mm² for thr 50mm thickness, while the flexural strength was shown to be 2.4 N/mm² less with 14.1 N/mm² for the 35 mm thickness and 1 N/mm² less with 13.9 N/mm² for the 50 mm thickness compared to the traditional mix. These conflicting results in the cases of the compressive and flexural strength are though to have been due to the fact that the LEC binder had caused the greater volume expansion of the hydration products resulting from the hydration of the binder under the closely-knit structures thanks to the vacuum extrusion, necessitating future observation of the length changes and the fine structure. In addition, there were some cases where the 35 mm thickness had 1.0 N/mm² more than the 50mm thickness depending on the thickness of the panel. This is thought to be due to the difference in the hydration ratios incurred by the different caloric values per unit area depending on the thickness of the panel when going through a short period of curing process.

In this study, application of industrial by-products as an ultra rapid hardening cement substitute for semi-rigid pavement grout was evaluated. The examination of abrasion resistance showed that the loss ratio was 8.0~11.5% in every mixing condition, which indicates a good abrasion resistance.

This study aims to develop solidifying agents of sewage sludge using industrial By-Products and evaluate applicability of the solidified sewage sludge. The result of this study shows that it was possible to reduce water content of the cover materials to more than 50% in a short time as a result of the excellent hygroscopic function of inorganic binder made from industrial by-products and the granulation of sludge. The result suggests that the appropriate mixed ratio of (PSA + CPA) − (GBFS + SM1) − (SAS + SM2) is 60-25-15, and input ratio of solidifying agent is 48%, considering the applicability of the facilities, including mixing performance and availability of discharge, as well as the percentage of moisture content of the solidified sewage sludge, pH, and exothermic temperature. The solidified sewage sludge made using industrial by-products met more than the standard of unconfined compressive strength 0.5 kg/cm2 (as for cover materials 0.1 MPa) in 7 days due to ground granulated blast furnace slag, high-calcium fly ash, and SAS. As a result, valid resource recovery is possible through the land treatment of sewage sludge by inducing in-situ stabilization of heavy metals and property strengths through the reactivity of industrial by-products.

To secure the early strength of ternary blended cement mortar, using 3.5% anhydrite with a fineness of approximately 10,000cm2/g, was found to provide the most outstanding early strength properties.