Although concerns about overheating of the franchise industry's market structure continue to be raised, there are few studies that analyze the market structure of the franchise industry and suggest practical use. Most existing studies mainly analyze the market structure of other industries using industrial concentration(HHI) as an indicator of market competition intensity from the perspective of industrial organization theory. This study seeks to present a market structure analysis method that is different from existing methods. Considering practical application, this study presented a method to analyze the market structure that combines industry concentration(HHI) analysis and matrix analysis of the franchise industry. First, the industry concentration(HHI) and operating profit ratio(SMR) of 15 major industries in the franchise industry were analyzed in a time series manner (2014-2019). Second, using industrial concentration and operating profit ratio(SMR) as two variables on the x-axis and y-axis, a two-stage matrix analysis was used to understand the market structure characteristics of 15 industries at a glance. Third, a method of utilizing the matrix analysis results for practical decision-making was presented.

The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of management performance in the remaining offshore fishing industry after the resource management-oriented fisheries structure improvement policy by the fisheries vessel buy-back program and Total Allowable Catch (TAC). The results of the analysis of the determinants of management performance of offshore fishing can be summarized as follows. First, based on the management performance determinant model of offshore fishing, it is confirmed that the government's resource-managed fishing structure improvement policy, such as the fishing boat reduction project and the TAC policy, is improving the management performance of the resource-managed remaining fishing boat. Second, looking at the specific management performance determinants based on the management performance model of offshore fishing, the leverage ratio (TLTA), which is the total debt ratio, shows a statistically significant positive (+) relationship with management performance, which increases management performance directly proportional to the leverage ratio. The increase in the leverage ratio (total debt ratio) was expected to lead to a high interest cost burden, resulting in a reverse (-) financial leverage effect; however, rather a positive (+) financial leverage effect occurred with a high profit covering interest costs. The total catch (TCATCH) has a positive (+) relationship with management performance at a statistical significance level of less than 1%, indicating that an increase in catch is improving or increasing the management performance of fishing companies. The selling price (UPRICE) shows a positive (+) relationship with management performance at a very high statistical significance level of less than 1%, and it can be seen that high fishing prices are a major factor in improving or increasing the management performance of offshore fishing. On the other hand, fishing vessel tonnage (TON), fishing vessel horsepower (RHP), and operating days (WDAYS), which indicate have a statistically significant negative (-) relationship with management performance, which deviates from the existing fisheries common sense that the size of fishing vessel tonnage and fishing vessel horsepower and the increase in the number of operating days is proportional to management performance. As a result of the increase in fishing vessel tonnage, horsepower, and the number of operating days, it was confirmed that the higher the fishing cost, such as oil costs, is worsening the management performance of fishing companies. Participation in TAC has a statistically significant positive (+) value with management performance, indicating that the remaining offshore fishing companies participating in TAC are improving or increasing management performance compared to offshore fishing companies that do not. Third, there are conflicting results depending on the industry as a result of estimating the management performance determinants of offshore fishing by TAC participation, and TAC participation had a negative impact on management performance in anchovy boat seine and southern west sea bottom trawl in fishing industry while TAC participation had a positive impact on management performance in large stow nets on anchor in fishing industry.

Since the arrival of omni-channel retailing, which promotes seamless experience for consumers and zero effort commerce, channel integration has been a big issue in both the domestic and the international retail industry. Some researchers have identified problems that can occur in the process of channel integration, such as cannibalization and channel conflict (Coelho & Easingwood, 2003). However, many studies on channel integration report its positive impact on a firm’s revenue growth through improved trust (Schramm-Klein & Morschett, 2006), higher consumer conversion rates (Neslin et al., 2006), and greater cross-selling opportunities (Berry et al., 2010). Regarding the issue of effectively establishing channel integration in order to bring positive synergy to a company, the present study intends to identify a solution within a company’s internal factors. This study aims to provide a strategic perspective on channel integration formation of domestic fashion retailers by identifying some of the key organizational components that drive a firm’s channel integration in this omni-channel era, when the boundaries between online and offline markets are disappearing. This study predicts that organizational structure and strategic orientation are the key components of a fashion retailer’s channel integration implementation in an omni-channel environment. As shown in previous studies, channel integration has a positive impact on a firm’s performance through active and innovative transformation of the organization’s hardware and software (Cao & Li, 2015; Yan, Wang, & Zhou, 2010). In particular, this study introduces channel (extension) strategies (number of different types of channels in both online and offline markets) into channel integration as one of the crucial variables, in addition to the two existing variables. The data were collected through a survey targeting mid-level executives or above, within a business unit of Korea’s fashion companies with over $10 million revenue. Through this selection, a total of 120 samples were used in the final analysis. Hierarchical regression modeling was used to prove the study’s hypothesis. The revenue size of a parent company and SBU was used as a control variable in the level 1 model; channel strategies in the level 2 model; organizational structure in the level 3 model, and organization strategic orientation in the level 4 model, which was used as an independent variable. Integrated back-end system and integrated human resource management, which are the highest levels of channel integration (Cao & Li, 2015; Oh, Teo, & Sambamurthy, 2012), have been used as dependent variables. The main findings of this study are as follows: In a back-end system integration model, organization strategic orientation was identified as the highest level when the organizational structure becomes more centralized, whereas the system integration level is the highest when the model is competitor-oriented and innovation-oriented. In the human resource management integration model, the human resource management integration level is at its highest when the organizational structure becomes formalized and specialized, and organization strategic behavior becomes more competitor-oriented and innovation-oriented.

게임콘텐츠는 다양한 개발·제작자·퍼블리셔·유통·소비 및 이용에 이르는 가치사슬을 가지고 있는 분야이다. 이러한 가치사슬 안에는 게임콘텐츠 생태계를 구성하는 다양한 개체의 구성 요소들이 포함되어 있고 이들 간의 조화로운 상생 관계의 모색이 중요한 이슈가 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 생태계와 인문사회과학의 분야에서 연구되어 온 생태계 모델을 통해 게임콘텐츠 생태계를 구성하고 있는 개체 요소와 각 개체들 간의 상호 작용 및 전체 게임 콘텐츠 생태계의 발전 방향을 FGI 분석을 통해 제시하였다. 본 구조 분석에서는 게임을 구성하는 생태계를 관련기술과 연계하여 분석하고 각 생태계 구성요소별 경쟁력 및 시사점을 도출하였다. 이를 통해 국내외 게임 콘텐츠 산업 경쟁력 강화를 위해 연구개발, 인력양성, 기반구축 및 제도개선 측면에서 정책방향을 제시함으로써 미래 게임 콘텐츠 산업의 경쟁력 강화를 통한 게임 산업 활성화를 위해서 정부, 학계, 산업계 등의 연구기관이 추진해야 할 정책을 수립하는 데 있어 방향을 제시하였다.

새로운 IT 환경에서의 변화를 이해하고 경쟁력 있는 클라우드 생태계를 구축하며, 지속가능한 성장을 위한 경쟁정책을 수립하기 위해서는 먼저 우리나라 IT시장의 구조와 그 변화를 정확히 이해하는 것이 필요하다. IT시장의 구조를 이해하기 위한 과거의선행연구들은 통신시장을 배경으로 수직적 가치사슬 구조를 중심으로 설명한 것이 대부분이었으나, 최근 들어 이슈로 부각하고 있는 클라우드 생태계에 관한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구의 목적은 IT시장에서의 클라우드 서비스의 등장에 따른 가치사슬의 변화를 이해하는 것이다. 이를 위해 먼저 기존의 연구 문헌들을 통하여 기업 또는 산업의 공급 구조, 그리고 시장의 생태계를 설명하기 위해 사용하는 기본 틀인 가치사슬의 개념을 정의하고, 이를 통하여 우리나라 IT시장의 가치사슬에 대해, 특히 클라우드 서비스 도입이후의 우리나라 IT시장의 변화를 반영하여 그 구조의 변화를 설명하며, 이를 바탕으로 우리나라 IT시장을 진단하고 시장의 성장을 견인하는 요인들을 파악하도록 한다. 본 연구를 통해 가치사슬 관점에서 IT시장을 이해함으로써, 클라우드 서비스 산업의 경쟁력을 높이고, 향후 클라우드 기반으로 IT생태계를 구축하기 위한 이론적 근거로 활용되길 기대한다.

The purpose of this article is to suggest what is the desirable direction of economic relationship between Korea and China. The economic relationship between countries is based on how the present network is. As the economic relationship between countries grows, the network between countries will expand. In the past, the economic relationship between Korea and China is cooperative one from the viewpoint of international division of labor. Korean industries was focused on the value-added and mid-advanced technology products, while Chinese was focused on the labor-intensive products. As the China's economy grows for more than thirty years, there is a great change in China's economic policies and environment. China's industry structure is moving from the labor-intensive industry to technology-oriented industry. China's exports to the global market is increasing very fast, and China's domestic market is also growing. The change in Chinese industries' structure bring about severe competition in the global market. The expanding China's domestic market is also good opportunity as the new market in the world. The change in China's industrial structure needs for Korea to establish the 'New Network" between two countries. Korea has to grab the new opportunities in the China's domestic market and find new cooperative network with the products and industries.

In accordance with the trend for cooperation of related company, BOM (Bill of Materials) has become an important factor in the manufacturing of production. BOM manages a various basic information of design, production, and process and so on. Especially, automobile industries are related to many company, they build a cooperative system from the communication of information. In this study, we have analyzed a BOM structure of a well-used automobile part industry and proposed a structure of engineering BOM, manufacturing BOM, process BOM for cooperative environment. A proposed various BOM structure are flexible in responding to the situation of structure alternations for automobile part. And also they include in environment factors. It is expected that these BOM structure will be used to basic template in automobile part industry which could be loaded with cooperative hub-system.

Program provider industry has grown in terms of market size volume since start of cable TV in Korea. However, it is facing a serious problem in producing quality original cable programming. The low cable TV subscription fee essentially limits the program compensation to program providers at unreasonably lower level. Since the compensation from cable TV system operator is low, most of program providers heavily depend on home shopping commission fee for survival. This study analyzes the structure of program provider industry. This study indicates that horizontal and vertical integration becomes more popular in big players at both system operator and program provider level.

The study investigates and measures the impact of capital structure, profitability and financial performance on the success of the business organization. Capital structure of the business organization refers to the proportion of external funds and internal funds, i.e., debt and equity. In Saudi Arabia, petrochemicals companies are working on equity, but financial performance reflects negative trend for the period 2004 to 2016. The research is based upon secondary data available on the websites of petrochemicals companies of Saudi Arabia. Financial Ratio variability analysis and Trend Indices of financial ratios (TICBI) measure and compare the financial variability and sensitivity of financial ratios of the business organization. Correlation between Trend Indices (TICBI) of independent variable and dependent variables are to be calculated to know the impact of changes in debt equity on other dependent variables. The results reveal the unexpected performance of petrochemicals companies due to under-utilization of the resources caused by low demand and lower prices of the products governed by some internal and external factors. The study finds that size, demand, cost of production, profitable streams of products, and low cost capital in external funds are the factors responsible for overall growth development of the petrochemicals industry of Saudi Arabia.

This study aims to investigate the effects of market commonality and resource similarity on price competition and the recursive consequences in the Korean lodging market. Price comparison among hotels in the same geographic market has been facilitated through the development of information technology, rendering little search cost of consumers. While the literature implies the heterogeneous price attack and response among hotels, a limited number of empirical researches focus on the asymmetric and recursive pattern in the competitive dynamics. This study empirically examines the price interactions in the Korean lodging market based on the theoretical framework of competitive price interactions and countervailing power. Demonstrating superiority to the spatial lag model and the ordinary least squares in the estimation, the results from spatial error model suggest that the hotels with longer operational history pose an asymmetric impact on the price of the newer hotels. The asymmetry is also found in chain hotels over the independent, further implying the possibility of predatory pricing. The findings of this study provide the evidence of a hierarchical structure in the price competition, with different countervailing power by the resources of the hotels. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed, with suggestions for future study.

기업재무분야에 있어 최적의 자본구조에 관한 내용은 주된 이슈이자 관심분야로 남아있다. 즉, 최적의 자본조달 형태의 결정은 기업의 현금흐름에 대한 유동성을 확보하고, 나아가 기업의 재무건전성과 자금조달의 토대인 기업가치 극대화에까지 영향을 미치게 된다. 이러한 관점에서 국내외 많은 연구자들은 부채만기의 결정에 관해 실증하고자 하였으나, 개별 산업적 특성이 분명하게 존재함에도 불구하고 이를 충분히 반영하지 못하는 한계점들을 내포하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 선박확보라는 주요 자본조달 의사결정이 요구되고 있는 국적외항선사들을 중심으로 부채만기결정요인에 대해 살펴보고자 하였으며, 연구결과 기업의 규모, 자산의 만기, 유동성, 성장옵션, 기업의 우량성이 해운기업의 부채만기와 관련성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 성장옵션의 경우 부채만기와 부(-)의 관계가 존재하였으며, 세금과 레버리지는 부채의 만기와 관계가 없는 것으로 분석되었다.