When evaluating the extent of the impact of water pollutants on the surrounding area, we would like to present the target level (proposal) of the quality of the environment, which is the standard for evaluation. We propose the environmental quality target level for substances that need to be applied domestically by investigating overseas cases operating the integrated environmental management system and the implications of domestic environmental pollutant management. The appropriateness of the environmental quality target level reviewed in this study was determined using data from the water quality measuring network, and future improvement measures were proposed. We review the available methodologies for setting quality objectives for the environment. It proposed the environmental quality target level for 21 substances that have domestic water pollutant emission standards and do not have environmental standards, and proposed future improvement measures. If it is necessary to add quality target-level items of the environment in the future, it is believed that expansion will be possible based on the methodology presented in this study.

연구는 대학생의 교양교육에 대한 전반적 인식, 교육적 경험, 학습 성과, 대학 생활 및 시설의 우수성 간의 관계를 살펴봄으로써 대학생 교양교육 개선방안에 대한 시사점을 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구대 상은 경기도 소재의 A대학 재학생 756명이며, 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학에서의 교양교 육 중요성은 높게 인식되고 있고, 전반적인 교양교육에 대한 만족도가 평균 이상으로 나타났다. 둘째, 교육 적 경험은 보통 이상의 평균을 보였으나 수업에서 고차원 능력을 강조하는 하위영역의 평균이 상대적으로 낮게 나타났다. 셋째, 학습 성과에서 의사소통능력이나 대인관계능력은 평균이 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 넷째, 대학 생활은 평균이 보통 미만으로 나타났고, 교수와의 교류가 학습자 간의 교류보다 더 빈번하지 못 한 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 대학 시설의 우수성에서 사이버교육시스템의 우수성은 가장 낮게 평가되었으 며, 마지막으로 모든 변인들 간의 상관관계가 정적으로 비교적 높게 나타났고 교육적 경험, 학습 성과 및 시설의 우수성이 교양교육의 전반적 인식에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과가 대학생 교양교육의 설계와 운영 개선을 위한 기초자료나 관련 정책의 참고자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

In this study, we investigated the effects of the ripening level (50% and 100%), storage temperature (1°C and 10°C), and storage period (0, 7, and 14 days) on the fruit quality of the strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch) cultivars “Arihyang” and “Kuemsil”, which are commonly grown for export in South Korea. Strawberry plants of each cultivar were grown in a plastic greenhouse, and fruit samples were harvested in January 2019 to evaluate the fruit hardness, gray mold rot, anthocyanin content, sugar content, and antioxidant activity. We found that “Arihyang” had a greater fruit hardness than “Kuemsil” across all storage periods excluding the day of harvest, and that fruit stored at 1°C had a greater hardness than fruit stored at room temperature (10 ± 2°C) for both cultivars. In incidence of gray mold rat, “Kuemsil” had a higher than “Arihyang”. The soluble solid content was highest at 7 days after harvest for both cultivars, with the exception of “Kuemsil” following storage at 1°C. The anthocyanin content was higher in “Arihyang” than in “Kuemsil” and was also greater in fruit that had been stored at room temperature due to the faster ripening time. Finally, the DPPH activity of fully ripened fruit tended to decrease as the storage period increased, while the ABTS activity was the same across all treatments. These findings demonstrate that “Arihyang” are more advantageous for long-term distribution as well as export than “Kuemsil”, and recommend that the two new cultivars of strawberry be cool stored at 100% ripening state and eaten within 7 days.

Background: Cross-culturally adapted questionnaires may not be comparable to their original version. Objects: To examine concurrent validity of two health-related quality of life (HRQOL) instruments for the Korean versions of EuroQOL-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) and the abbreviated version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) instrument. Methods: A total of 139 cancer survivors from two rehabilitation institutes was recruited. All participants were registered for palliative rehabilitation care. Both instruments were concurrently administered by health care providers following the second bout of the rehabilitation cares. Rasch partial credit model and Spearman’s correlation analysis were used to investigate: 1) dimensionality, 2) hierarchical item difficulty, and 3) concurrent validity using correlations between two instruments. Results: For the WHOQOL-BREF, all items except negative feeling, pain, dependence of medical aid, were found to be acceptable, while all items of EQ-5D were acceptable. There was an evidence of negative correlations between EQ-5D and 4 domains of WHOQOL-BREF. Two correlations were strong (EQ-5D vs. physical health domain, ρ = –0.610, 95% CI = –0.716 to –0.475) and moderate (EQ-5D vs. psychosocial domain, ρ = –0.402, 95% CI = –0.546 to –0.236). Other two correlations were weak (EQ-5D vs. social relationship and environmental domains, ρ = –0.242, 95% CI = –0.401 to –0.075 and ρ = –0.364, 95% CI = –0.514 to –0.207, respectively). Item difficulty calibrations of the two measurements were ranged from –0.84 to 0.86 for the EQ-5D and –1.07 to 1.06 for the WHOQOL-BREF. Conclusion: The study provides some supports for the concurrent validity of the two Korean versions of HRQOL instrument, with evidences of weak to strong correlations between the EQ- 5D and four domains of the WHOQOL-BREF applied to various cancer survivors. Additionally, the cancer survivors appeared to have more of a tendency to view the EQ-5D items as being slightly more challenging than the WHOQOL-BREF items.

Background: Stretch-oriented home exercise programs are often used as treatments for patients with adhesive capsulitis; however, there is lack of research on home exercise programs to strengthen rotator cuffs. Objects: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of home exercise programs for rotator cuff strengthening on pain, range of motion (ROM), disability level, and quality of life in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Methods: Twenty-two patients with adhesive capsulitis volunteered to participate in this study. The subjects were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 11) and control group (n = 11). For the experimental group, manual therapy and home exercise programs for rotator cuff strengthening were applied for 6 weeks; for the control group, only manual therapy was applied for 6 weeks. Shoulder pain (quadruple visual analogue scale, QVAS), ROM, disability (shoulder pain and disability index-Korean version, SPADI), and quality of life (world health organization quality of life scale-Korean version, WHOQOL-BREF) were evaluated at baseline, after 3 weeks, and after 6 weeks of intervention. The changes in the measurement variables were analyzed by using repeated measure analysis of variance. Results: Significant differences were observed between the experimental group and control group in the QVAS; SPADI-pain scores; SPADI-disability scores; SPADI-total scores; flexion, abduction, internal and external rotation ROM of the glenohumeral joint; and WHOQOLBREF total, overall, physical health, and psychological scores. All groups displayed statistically significant improvements as observed in the QVAS, SPADI, flexion, abduction, external and internal rotation ROM of the glenohumeral joint, and WHOQOL-BREF. Conclusion: Home exercise programs for rotator cuff strengthening had a positive impact on shoulder pain, shoulder ROM, disability level, and quality of life in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Therefore, we propose the use of home exercise programs for rotator cuff strengthening in the exercise rehabilitation of patients with adhesive capsulitis.

The purpose of this research is to examine the mediating effect of enterprise competitiveness on the relationship between operational service quality management and customer perception level of freight forwarders’ services in East Coast region of Peninsular Malaysia. Data were collected from 106 customers of freight forwarders through accessible random sampling method. Usable data were analyzed through Partial Least-squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach using Smart PLS-SEM software version 3.2.8. The validity of the survey questionnaire was confirmed using content validity, structural validity and expert validity. The results revealed that operational service quality management influences customer perception toward service providers’ services. Meanwhile, enterprise competitive mediates the relationship between operational service quality management and customer perception on service providers’ services. The enterprise competitiveness was found to be a driver for better customer perception on freight forwarder service providers. Besides, it has a strong mediating effect which ultimately effect on both customer perception level of satisfaction and could enhance customer perception on operational service quality management through words of mouth. These findings would therefore offer the freight forwarders’ management teams a new perspective in developing a better operational service quality management strategies and practices with emphasis on enterprise competitiveness. It also demonstrates the significance of enterprise competitiveness in donimating towards consumer perception in service preference and future repurchase intension.

본 연구는 딸기(Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) 두 품종 인 대왕과 설향을 LED 조명으로 일몰 후부터 6시간 동 안 2018년 11월부터 이듬해 1월까지 야간 보광 처리한 후, 각각 50%와 100% 착색되었을 때, 과실을 수확하여 딸기 과실의 경도, 식물화합물 및 항산화 활력을 측정하여 LED 광과 성숙도에 따른 과실 품질변화를 확인하고 자 실시하였다. 딸기 과일의 경도에서는, 두 품종 모두 적색 LED를 보광했을 때, 50%뿐만 아니라 100% 익은 과실에서 유의하게 높았다. 당도 또한 50% 착색된 과실을 비교한 경우, 적색 LED 광이 품종 모두에서 다른 광 처리 보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 반면에, 딸기의 산도에서는 LED 광 처리구보다는 대조구에서 50%뿐만 아니라 100% 착색된 과실에서도 높게 나타났다. 페놀화 합물의 경우, LED 광을 처리한 딸기보다는 대조구 상태 에서 생육한 딸기 과실의 함량이 월등히 높았다. 하지만 플라보노이드와 안토시아닌 함량에서는 LED 광의 영향 은 미미하였다. 식물화합물의 경우는 LED 광보다는 익 어가면서 성숙도에 따라 그 함량의 변화가 달라지는 경향이 크다. 또한, DPPH 및 ABTS 항산화능의 경우는 성숙도 및 LED 보광에 의한 차이는 없었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과로 미루어 보아, 과실의 당도와 유통 측면에서는, LED 보광이 충분히 과실 품질에 도움 될 것으로 사 료된다.

Defense industries which require high reliability need an optimized quality management system with well-planned implementation. And the government should examine the overall status of defense industries, then establish practical policies with a proper support plan in required areas to upgrade the quality management level of manufacturers. Thus, DTaQ developed the model for 2 years from 2014, which specialized in quality management level analysis for defense industries. And a survey has been undertaken with that model by DTaQ and Korea Research Center in 2016. The surveyed companies randomly sampled among those which have more than 30 employees and delivery history over past 3 years, and finally 106 defense industries were selected. This paper present survey method and indexes for survey of defense industry quality management level. The survey was conducted in the order of planning, data collection and data processing, and the validity and reliability of the data were verified to increase objectivity of survey results. The survey contents mainly consist of system quality and management quality. System quality includes Product Development Management, Production Operation Management, supply chain quality management, Safety & Environment Management and Reliability Management, on the other hand, management quality includes Strategic Leadership, Human Resource Management, Customer Market Management and Information & Knowledge Management. Thus this proposes the current overall quality management status of the 106 defense industries and shows level differences by company sizes and manufacturing sectors based on the result of survey. Specifically, this paper enables to track the areas which need prompt government support with the policy directions to make quality management level higher. Therefore, it is expected that this can be used as reference data in establishing quality policies for military supplies in the future.

Background: In cerebral palsy (CP), parents’ quality of life and rearing attitude are considered possible factors that influence patients’ quality of life, function level, and performance in daily activities. Despite these facts, little attention has been given to demonstrate a relation between these factors. Objects: This study aimed to demonstrate the relationship between parents’ quality of life, functional level, and performance in daily activities, the quality of life of school-aged children with spastic CP. Methods: This study included 24 parents of school-aged children with spastic CP. The KIDSCREEN-52 and World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL)-BREF questionnaires (including physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains) were used as research tools to assess the quality-of-life profiles of the children with spastic CP and those of their parents, respectively. In addition, the function levels and performance in daily activities of the children with CP were assessed by using the gross motor function measure (GMFM) and modified Barthel index (MBI). Correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to clarify the determinants of the quality of life of the children with CP. Results: The KIDSCREEN-52 score correlated with the total score (r=.735, p<.01) and all domains of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire (physical: r=.542, p<.01; psychological: r=.690, p<.01; social: r=.568, p<.01; and environmental: r=.783, p<.01). In addition, significant correlation was found between the KIDSCREEN-52 and MBI scores (r=.411, p<.05), and between the MBI and GMFM scores (r=.427, p<.05). After controlling for age, gender, paralytic type, GMFM, and MBI, the WHOQOL-BREF score (R2=.621), particularly in the environmental domain (R2=.699), remained independently related to the quality of life of the children. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the quality of life of school-aged children with spastic CP can be influenced by the quality of life of their parents. This study provides useful information for future studies to investigate the quality of life of children with CP

Ecological restoration is an eco-technology, which heals the nature damaged by human activity by imitating organization and function of the integrate nature and thereby provide an inhabitable space for diverse organisms. Such an ecological restoration has to be carried out by applying restoration plan prepared based on the results of diagnostic evaluation discussed in the diversified respects. This study aims to prepare an ecological restoration plan of the damaged forest ecosystem in Mt. Moodeung National Park. To arrive at the goal, first of all, we diagnosed quality of forest landscape established in Mt. Moodeung National Park based on natural (topography, climate, and distribution of vegetation) and artificial (land use, linear landscape element) factors. In addition, we evaluated the integrity of each zone divided by linear landscape element quantitatively based on geometric property and land use intensity. As the result of analysis, topography of Mt. Moodeung National Park tended to be depended on weathering property of parent rock and vegetation zones were divided to three vegetation zones. Based on land use pattern, deciduous broad-leaved forest, evergreen needle-leaved forest, and mixed forest occupied about 90% of Mt. Moodeung National Park. Mean score of forest landscape quality was shown in 69.86±11.41. As a result, forest landscape elements in Mt. Moodeung National Park were influenced greatly by human activity and the degree was depended on topographic condition. This study suggested the synthetic restoration plan to improve ecological quality of Mt. Moodeung National Park based on the results of diagnostic evaluation.

Background: In the treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder, the goals of traditional physical therapy are not only to reduce the inflammatory process leading to pain, but also to decrease joint overload and muscle hyperactivity. To achieve those goals, physical therapists generally use a photo-therapy, joint mobilization, and massage. Objects: To examine the impact of an unloading technique using non-elastic taping on the pain, opening mouth, functional level, and quality of life in patients with TMJ disorder. Method: Twenty patients with TMJ disorder were included in this study and randomly divided into the experimental (n1=10), and control (n2=10) groups. Traditional physical therapy including massage and stretching for 30 min was performed in both groups. Non-elastic taping was performed in the experimental group after traditional physical therapy, and they were recommended to keep the tape attached for 12 hours. Outcomes for pain, functional level, and quality of life were measured using a survey. The opening mouth was measured using a general ruler. Result: Significant differences were observed in the pain level, opening mouth, functional level, and quality of life after the intervention and on follow-up in both groups. However, we found that while the levels of all parameters were maintained throughout the follow-up period in the experimental group, the functional status level was not maintained throughout the follow-up period in the control group. Conclusion: Our unloading technique using non-elastic tape results comparable to those achieved by traditional physical therapy in the treatment of TMJ. However, the unloading taping method using non-elastic tape is more effective than traditional physical therapy in maintaining the impact of intervention

토양검정 후 시비수준이 멜론의 생육과 품질에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 추천 시비량을 줄이면 엽면적과 과실 무게는 크게 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 엽면적은 추천시비량의 100% 시비구에 비해 0%와 50% 시비구에서 각각 54.1%와 24.5% 감소하였다. 과실무게는 추천 시비량의 100% 시비구에서 2670g인데 비해 0과 50% 시비구에서 각각 1650g과 2140g으로 38.2%와 19.9% 감소 하였다. 그러나 가용성 고형물과 자당 함량은 100% 시비구에 비해 50% 시비구에서는 각각 1.8%와 23.3% 증가하였다. 따라서 멜론 재배시 토양검정 후 추천 시비량의 50%만 시비하여도 엽수, 초장 및 엽면적 등의 생육과 평균과중에 감소가 없어 당도가 높은 멜론을 생산할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 시비량을 줄임으로써 염류집적도 방지할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

This study examined the quality characteristics of Gondre tofu containing 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3% Cirsium setidens powder. Quality and sensory tests of Gondre tofu were performed. The yield rate of tofu decreased with the addition of Cirsium setidens powder. The pH of tofu decreased after the addition of Cirsium setidens powder. During 8 days storage, the addition of Cirsium setidens powder to tofu did not effectively inhibit the number of total aerobic bacteria. The L, a and b values of tofu decreased with increasing amount of Cirsium setidens powder added. In the texture properties, the hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess and brittleness increased, whereas the springiness decreased. The results of sensory evaluation showed that tofu containing 0, 0.1, and 0.2% Cirsium setidens powder had a higher taste, texture preference and overall acceptability than 0.3% Cirsium setidens powder. Therefore, the addition up to 0.2% Cirsium setidens powder positively affects the sensory evaluation of Gondre tofu. The addition 0.2% Cirsium setidens powder might be considered the most appropriate choice for manufacturing Gondre tofu.

목적 : 이 연구의 목적은 대한작업치료학회지에 게재된 단일대상연구 논문의 내용과 방법에 대한 질적 수준을 알아보는 것이었다. 연구방법 : 이 연구는 문헌연구로써, 분석 대상은 2002년부터 2011년까지 게재된 31편 단일대상연구 논문이었고, 이들 논문을 연구 방법의 내용과 연구 설계의 질적 수준으로 나누어 분석하였다. 결과 : 연구 내용을 분석한 결과, 종속 변수는 행동변화가 가장 많았고, 상지기능, 시지각 기능, 일상생활활동 수행순으로 나타났다. 연구 대상자는 아동과 성인 및 노인이 비슷하였다. 아동 대상자는 뇌성마비와 자폐증이 가장 많았고, 성인 및 노인 대상자는 뇌졸중이 가장 많았다. 설계 형태는 반전 설계가 가장 많았으며 유지 및 일반화보고 비율은 높지 않았다. 연구 설계의 질적 수준을 분석한 결과, 31편의 논문 중 4편이 높은 수준이고 나머지는 중간 정도 수준인 것으로 나타났다. 대부분의 연구가 대상자와 환경에 대한 충분한 기술, 독립 변수에 대한 조작적정의, 분석 시 표준적 그래프를 제시하고 있었고, 종속 변수의 조작적 정의, 설계 방법에 대한 기술과 정확한적용을 하고 있었다. 그러나 중재 블라인드를 수행한 연구는 없었으며 측정자 신뢰도를 측정한 연구는 적었다. 또한 각 구간의 적절한 수의 데이터를 수집한 연구와 중재 효과의 적절한 반복을 시행한 연구, 적절한 시각적 분석을 수행한 연구의 비율은 낮았다. 결론 : 이 연구를 통해 작업치료분야 단일대상연구의 내용과 질적 수준을 파악할 수 있었고, 추후 작업치료 분야의 단일대상연구를 통한 근거 기반의 접근을 위해 질적 수준을 높이기 위한 노력이 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

본 연구에서는 가나슈 제조 시 사용되는 크림의 지방 종류(동물성 유크림과 식물성 크림)에 따라 함유량을 달리하여 제조하고 이의 물리·화학적 특성과 관능특성을 분석하여 지방 종류와 함유량에 따른 품질특성의 변화를 파악하였다. 대조군으로 100% 동물성 유크림을 첨가한 가나슈에서 유크림 함량의 25, 50, 75, 100%를 식물성 유지로 대체하여 시료를 제조하여 일반 성분분석, 색도, 점도, texture profile analysis, 산가, 관능검사를 실시하였다. 가나슈의 수분 함량은 5.71-6.22%의 범위로 크림의 유지방 함량이 높아짐에 따라 수분의 함유량도 유의적으로 높아지는 경향을 보였고, 조단백질은 5.04-5.73%의 범위에서 유지방의 함유량이 증가하면 점차 증가하는 것으로 나타났으나 유의적인 차이는 나오지 않았다. 조지방은 29.49-31.77%, 조회분은 0.38-0.40%로 나타났다. 색도를 분석한 결과 명도와 황색도는 MC0 시료가 가장 높게 나타났고 MC100 시료가 가장 낮아 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 점도는 수분함량에 따른 차이를 나타내었는데 수분함량이 가장 높았던 MC100 시료가 가장 낮은 점도를 보였고, 식물성 유지의 함량이 증가하면서 점도도 증가하였다. 이는 는 것으로 나타났다. 기계적 품질특성은 경도(hardness)는 식물성 유지의 첨가량이 증가하면서 유의적인 차이를 보이며 증가하였고, 탄력성(springiness)과 씹힘성(chewiness), 부드러움(softness)은 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 산가는 저장기간이 길어질수록 증가되었으나, 불포화지방의 함유량이 높은 유크림의 비율이 높은 경우 전체적으로 높은 결과를 나타내어 식물성 유지 첨가에 따라 저장성이 높아지은 것으로 나타났다. 관능검사에서는 경도(hardness), 융해도(melting rate), 점착성(sticky), 건조성(dry), 탄력성(springiness)은 식물성 유지의 첨가량이 증가하면서 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 부드러움(softness)은 시료간의 유의적 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 전체적으로 볼 때 가나슈 제조 시 사용하는 식물성 유지의 함량이 높아질수록 경도(hardness), 점착성(sticky), 탄력성(springiness)과 같은 특성이 강화되어 시료의 견고성 이 높아지는 것을 확인할 수 있었고 실제로 저장성 실험에서 산가의 증가도 낮은 수준을 보여 저장성이 높아지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 경도와 점착성, 건조도, 거친정도의 증가로 인해 기호도 측면에서도 긍정적인지는 향후 기호도 조사를 통해 확인이 필요한 것으로 여겨진다.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the quality characteristics of Gondregaedduck containing 0, 10, 20, and 30% Cirsium setidens. By increasing the level of Cirsium setidens, Hunter color L and a values of Gondregaedduck decreased, whereas b value increased. Hardness, springiness, and cohesiveness of Gondregaedduck decreased upon addition of Cirsium setidens. Over 3 days of storage, Gondregaedduck showed a slightly high total bacterial count compared to control. Sensory evaluation showed that Gondregaedduck containing 10% Cirsium setidens had higher color, taste preference, and overall acceptability.

This paper studies the effect of information quality level and customer demand on performance measures in a supply chain. The information quality level compares 2 types, the information levels of a customer demand and a lead time. The customer demand proc

절화 장미 'Vital'을 코코피트와 펄라이트(3 : 1, v/v) 혼합배지에서 2006년 4월 20일부터 이듬 해 10월 15일까지 용기재배를 하였다. 사용한 양액은 애지현(愛知懸) 장미 표준액으로 고온기와 저온기에 양액의 조성을 달리하였으며, 계절별로 양액농도를 표준액의 0.7배, 1.0배, 그리고 1.3배액으로 처리하였는데 표준액의 계절별 급액농도는 4~6월은 1.4dS·m-1, 7~8월은 1.0dS·m-1, 9~10월은 1.4dS·m-1, 11~3월은 1.6dS·m-1였다. 급액량은 FDR 수분센서를 이용하여 -5kPa에서 급액하여 주당 120mL씩 공급하였다. 수확은 7회 하였는데 수량은 3차까지는 처리간에 차이가 없었지만, 4차 수확부터는 1.3배구의 수량이 다른 처리구에 비하여 적었다. 절화장미의 가장 중요한 상품요소인 절화장을 재배시기별로 조사하였을 때 0.7배구는 표준액구와 비교 하여 총수량은 적은 경향이었으나 70cm 이하의 하품 생산량이 적고, 91cm 이상 상품성이 우수한 절화의 생산량이 많았다. 그 외에도 0.7배 처리구는 절화중, 화경경, 화중 등 상품성이 우수하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 유기물인 코코피트를 주재료로 하여 펄라이트와 혼합한 배지를 이용하여 절화장미 수경재배 시에는 재배기간이 길어질수록 배지내에 무기성분이 집적되기 때문에 기존의 무기물 배지를 이용할 때 보다 표준액의 0.7배액 정도로 낮은 농도로 급액하면 상품성이 우수한 절화를 생산할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

The objective of this study was evaluated the influences of the nitrogen fertilization level on timothy silage fermentation quality, nutritive value, and nutrient intake. In both the first and second crops, high level nitrogen fertilization (H) led to a lower WSC content and higher CP content than standard nitrogen fertilization (S). The silage fermentation quality was good in the presence of a Lactobacillus inoculant (SI and HI) than uninoculant (SC and HC). In the first crop silage, the TDN content and intake were significantly higher (P＜0.01) for HI than for SI. In the second silage, the DM, DE, and TDN intakes did not significantly differ among the 4 treatments.