With the wide application of portable wearable devices, a variety of electronic energy storage devices, including microsupercapacitors (MSCs), have attracted wide attention. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is widely used as electrode material for MSCs because of its large porosity and specific surface area. To further improve the performance of MSCs, it is an effective way to increase the specific surface area and the number of internal active sites of laser-induced graphene electrode materials. In this paper, N-doped polyimide/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as precursor was used to achieve in situ doping of nitrogen atoms in laser-induced graphene by laser irradiation. Through the addition of N atoms, nitrogen-doped laser-induced threedimensional porous graphene (N-LIG) exhibits large specific surface area, many active sites, and good wettability all of which are favorable conditions for enhancing the capacitive properties of laser-induced graphene. After assembly with PVA/H2SO4 as gel electrolyte, the high surface capacitance of the MSC device with N-LIG as electrode material is 16.57 mF cm− 2 at the scanning rate of 5 mV s− 1, which is much higher than the 2.89 mF cm− 2 of the MSC device with LIG as electrode material. In addition, MSC devices with N-LIG as electrode materials have shown excellent cyclic stability and flexibility in practical tests, so they have a high application prospect in the field of flexible wearable microelectronics.

This study evaluated the importance of assessing personal exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by monitoring indoor, outdoor, and personal VOC levels in 15 Seoul residents over a 3-month period using passive samplers. Results indicated that limonene had the highest concentrations across indoor, outdoor, and personal samples, with this compound primarily originating from household cleaners and air fresheners. Other VOCs, such as 2-butanone and toluene, also varied by location. Health risk assessments showed that most VOCs had a Hazard Index (HI) below 1, while the HI of individual exposures were relatively higher. Notably, cancer risk assessments for chloroform and ethylbenzene exceeded permissible levels in some scenarios, suggesting potential cancer risks. This underscores the importance of diverse microenvironment monitoring for accurate health risk evaluations, as relying solely on indoor and outdoor levels can underestimate actual exposure risks. This study highlights the need for future research to monitor VOC levels in various microenvironments, in addition to the necessity of investigating personal activity patterns in depth to accurately assess personal exposure levels. Such an approach is crucial for precise health risk assessments, and it provides valuable foundational data for evaluating personal VOC exposures.

In the current study, the epoxy material was mixed with 10%, and 30% weight percent carbon material as filler in different thicknesses (1 cm, 1.5 cm, and 2 cm). Transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurements showed the average size of the nano-carbon was 20 nm with a standard deviation of 5 nm. The morphology of samples was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed the flatness of the epoxy surface, and when the content of carbon increases, the connection between the epoxy array and carbon increases. The compression test indicates the effect of nano-size on enhancing the mechanical properties of the studied samples. To survey the shielding properties of the epoxy/carbon composites using gamma-rays emitted from Am-241, Ba-133, Cs-137, Co-60, and Eu-152 sources, which covered a wide range of energies from 0.059 up to 1.408 MeV, the gamma intensity was measured using the NaI (Tl) detector. The linear and mass attenuation coefficients were calculated by obtaining the area under each peak of the energy spectrum observed from Genie 2000 software in the presence and absence of the sample. The experimental results obtained were compared theoretically with XCOM software. The comparison examined the validity of experimental results where the relative division rate ranged between 0.02 and 2%. Also, the measurement of the relative division rate between linear attenuation coefficients of microand nano-composites was found to range from 0.9 to 21% The other shielding parameters are calculated at the same range of energy, such as a half-value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), tenth-value layer (TVL), effective atomic number (Zeff), and the buildup factors (EBF and EABF). The data revealed a consistent reduction in the particle size of the shielding material across various weight percentages, resulting in enhanced radiation shielding capabilities. The sample that contains 30% nano-carbon has the lowest values of TVL (29.4 cm) and HVL (8.85 cm); moreover, it has the highest value of the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), which makes it the best in its ability to attenuate radiation.

이미지 분석을 통한 재료의 상 구분은 재료의 미세구조 분석을 위해 필수적이다. 이미지 분석에 주로 사용되는 마이크로-CT 이미 지는 대체로 재료를 구성하고 있는 상에 따라 회색조 값이 다르게 나타나므로 이미지의 회색조 값 비교를 통해 상을 구분한다. 순환골 재의 고체상은 수화된 시멘트풀과 천연골재로 구분되는데, 시멘트풀과 천연골재는 CT이미지 상에서 유사한 회색조 분포를 보여 상 을 구분하기 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 Unet-VGG16 네트워크를 활용하여 순환골재 CT 이미지로부터 천연골재를 분할하는 자동화 방법 을 제안하였다. 딥러닝 네트워크를 활용하여 2차원 순환골재 CT 이미지로부터 천연골재 영역을 분할하는 방법과 이를 3차원으로 적 층하여 3차원 천연골재 이미지를 얻는 방법을 제시하였다. 선별된 3차원 천연골재 이미지에서 각각의 골재 입자를 분할하기 위해 이 미지 필터링을 사용하였다. 골재 영역 분할 성능을 정확도, 정밀도, 재현율 F1 스코어를 통해 검증하였다.

Jeju Island has been facing to threat of high-risk invasive pests from tropical areas. To protect domestic agriculture from those invasive pests, APQA has conducted a regular monitoring program on Jeju Island. We collected especially phototactic heteroceran pests by light bucket trap and identified them using their superficial appearances, and also mitochondria COI gene. As a result, a total of 24 families, 136 genera, 193 species, and 819 individuals were collected from around Jeju Island in 2023. Among them, two unidentified epidopteran pests, Palpita sp. (Crambidae) and Xyrosaris sp. (Yponomeutidae) were collected. In the present study, we report two unidentified micro-lepidopteran pests using superficial characteristics and mitochondria COI gene.

Stathmopodidae, in the superfamily Gelechioidea, was first described by Edward Meyrick in 1913. This family has various characteristics, such as feeding on crops, moss, spores of fern, aphids, etc., but there is a lot of difficulty in identification due to morphological similarities between species. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the genitalia structure through dissection, but this process necessarily involves damage to the type specimen. To solve these problems, Micro-CT(Computed Tomography) which allows observation of internal structures without damage, was utilized to create a 3D model of the genitalia. In this study, the genitalia structure of Stathmopoda pedella (Linnaeus, 1761), the type species of Stathmopodidae, was imaged using Micro-CT under a resolution of 4 um conditions, providing a 3D description.

This study explores the significant influence of micro-environmental factors on carcass decomposition and insect colonization, with a particular emphasis on detailed insect community analysis. The research employed an innovative approach by placing two pig carcasses in contrasting environments that one in a sunlit open field and the other in a shaded forest. The findings revealed dynamic shifts in insect diversity in the sunlit area, characterized by a rapid increase followed by a decrease, in contrast to the more steady, gradual changes observed in the shaded area. This contrast highlights the sensitivity of insect communities to even minor changes in environmental conditions like sunlight and temperature. It unveils the nuanced ways in which such factors shape the composition and dynamics of insect communities. These insights are crucial for the field of forensic entomology, enhancing the accuracy of post-mortem interval estimations. By providing a clearer understanding of how different micro-environmental conditions influence insect activity and decomposition processes, this study significantly contributes to the refinement of forensic methodologies.

콘크리트는 우수하고 뛰어난 내구성에 의해 구조물 건설에 가장 많이 사용되는 재료 중 하나이다. 오늘날 급격한 경제의 발전 및 도시화 등에 의해 오늘날 구조물은 대형화 및 고층화되고 있다. 이에 따라 고강도, 고경량, 고내구 콘크리트 개발에 대한 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 특히 나노소재가 첨 가된 콘크리트는 나노소재에 의해 미세공극이 충진되어 강도 및 내구성이 우수한 것으로 알려져있다. 그러나 기존 나노소재가 적용된 콘크리트는 단위중량이 높아 이를 구조물에 적용시 자중을 증가시키 는 단점이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 입자 직경이 10-100 μm이지만 입자 내부의 공극이 있어 단위 중량이 0.6t/m3인 Micro hollow sphere가 잔골재로 사용된 고경량, 고강도 콘크리트의 염화물 침투 특성을 평가하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 실험변수로써 Micro hollow sphere의 잔골재 치환량(0%, 42%, 100%)가 고려되었으며, 이 시편의 단위중량은 각각 2.37 t/m3, 1.89 t/m3, 1.62 t/m3이다. Micro hollow sphere가 사용된 콘크리트의 염화물 침투 특성은 NT-Build 492 시험을 통해 평가되었다. 실 험결과 Micro hollow sphere 치환율이 0%, 42%, 100%인 실험체의 단위중량은 염화이온 확산계수는 각각 4.45 x10-13 m2/s, 2.57 x10-13 m2/s, 1.4x10-13 m2/s로 Micro hollow sphere 치환량이 증 가함에 따라 염화이온 침투 저항성이 증가하는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서, Micro hollow sphere를 이용한다면 단위중량이 작으며 내구성이 큰 고경량, 고내구 콘크리트 배합이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

In this study, an experimental analysis of noise reduction in road traffic by applying the Micro Grooving technique to concrete highway pavements is explored. Initiated in 1984 to address the aging and damage issues observed in South Korea's concrete highways, Micro Grooving is known for creating fine grooves on the cement pavement surface to increase friction, prevent hydroplaning, and inhibit ice formation, while reducing vehicle friction noise by 3∼5dB(A). It is determined from noise measurement results that the application of the Micro Grooving method can be expected to reduce roadside noise and enhance the safety of drivers' driving experience.

이 연구는 오늘날의 시대에 하나님의 선교를 구현하는 방법으로 선교적 제자도를 실천하는 작은 에클레시아 공동체를 형성하는 것을 주장한다. 또한 작은 공동체 안에서의 네러티브의 공명이 작은 에클레시아 공동체 형성의 핵심적 역할임을 주장한다. 이 연구는 이야기적 접근을 시도하는데, 필자가 주장하는 작은 신앙 공동체의 사례로서 한국얌스펠로쉽을 살핀다. 작은 신앙 공동체로서 한국얌스펠로쉽은 참여자들로 하여금 환대를 통한 생명회복의 경험뿐 아니라, 삶의 의미와 소명에 대한 분별과 지혜를 제공받 는 공동체가 된다. 공동체의 핵심에는 코이노니아와 진정한 제자도의 실천 의 경험이 있다. 마지막으로 사례분석을 통해 3가지를 제안한다. 첫째, 작은 공동체는 참여자들의 통전적 성장을 위한 공동체적 플렛폼을 제공해야 하며, 둘째, 작은 신앙공동체를 형성함에 있어서 핵심적인 차원이 이야기의 공명이며, 셋째, 작은 신앙 공동체는 참여자들의 이야기가 공동체를 넘어갈 때 선교적이 될 수 있다.

Recently, as carbon-neutral energy sources become increasingly important worldwide, SMRs (Small Modular Reactors), which offer significantly enhanced safety, versatility, and mobility compared to conventional nuclear reactors, are gaining attention as a viable alternative. SMR generally refers to small modular reactors with a power output of 300 MWe or less. Unlike conventional reactors, SMRs are characterized by an all-in-one design where peripheral systems and equipment are all integrated into the reactor itself, leading to enhanced reliability and durability. Additionally, the nuclear fuel reloading cycle is significantly extended compared to traditional reactors, resulting in a substantial reduction in maintenance difficulty and costs. Researchers have taken note of these characteristics of SMRs, particularly the extended fuel reloading cycle. Therefore, we have initiated the initial design of an ultra-small Micro Modular Reactor with an electricity generation capacity of 10 MWe and a fuel cycle of up to 55 years, with the goal of using it as a propulsion power source for various transportation modes, especially ships. Our design of MMR, called ‘ARA,’ is primarily distinguished by its use of U233 and Th232 fuels instead of conventional UO2 fuel. Due to various features of ‘ARA,’ including different fuel compositions, ARA is predicted to exhibit several characteristic features compared to conventional PWRs. In this study, among these characteristics, we focused on predicting changes in material composition within the fuel rod during the extended cycle operation of high-enriched fuel, rather than short-cycle operation using low-enriched fuel, unlike conventional reactors. The primary goal of this research is to observe the behavior of the composition of the materials used in the fuel cycle of the MMR, which utilizes U233 and Th232 fuels instead of UO2. Considering the difficulties in the spent nuclear fuel disposal process, many different trials were made to minimize the fission products of ARA, which differs from conventional reactors in terms of fuel type, size, and fuel cycle, in relation to waste generation.

본고는 최근 새로운 융합교육 제도의 하나로 주목받고 있는 마이크로 디그리의 기본 개념과 의미에 대해 살펴보고, 국내외 마이크로디그리 교 육과정의 적용사례를 통해 향후 마이크로디그리 교육과정이 대안적 융합 교육으로 정착하기 위한 조건과 고려해야 할 점들에 대해 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 최근 정부의 소단위 학위과정 인정의 근거를 살펴보고, 국내외 마이크로디그리 도입 사례에 대한 비교·분석을 실시했 다. 교육기관의 규모와 적용범위, 교육목표, 운영주체 등을 중심으로 해 외와 국내 사례를 각각 비교했다. 해외의 경우, 대학보다는 주로 기업 및 연구기관이 운영 주체가 되는 대안학교의 형태로 운영되는 반면, 국내에 서는 마이크로디그리가 대학의 전공 및 교양교육과정을 보완하는 형태로 받아들여졌다는 점에서 상이점을 찾을 수 있다. 하지만 급변하는 사회 수요를 교육과정에 바로바로 적용할 수 있다는 장점을 가진 마이크로디 그리의 본질을 고려한다면, 사회 수요를 신속히 교육과정에 반영해 산업 현장과 대학 교육의 거리를 근거리로 유지·지속시킬 수 있는 보다 명확 하고 독립적인 학내 전담 운영 조직의 마련도 고려될 필요가 있다. 또한 본고에서는 마이크로디그리의 도입단계와 운영단계 각각에서 고려될 필 요가 있는 네가지 지점들에 대해서도 살펴보았다. 이를 통해 대안적 융 합교육으로서 마이크로디그리의 도입과 정착에 필요한 조건은 무엇인지 가늠해 보았다.

Microclimate analysis was conducted through actual measurement according to land use status in urban, and CFD analysis was conducted to analyze and predict the microclimate characteristics of urban, and compared and analyzed with the actual measurement results. It was measured in high-rise areas and parks, and the temperature of the park area was 0.4 to 0.6℃ lower, and the relative humidity was 1.0 to 3.0% higher. The correlation coefficient was obtained by comparing the results of the computational fluid analysis with the results of the computational fluid analysis at the actual location located within the CFD analysis area for validation. The seasonal correlation coefficients are all higher than 0.8, so it is judged that they can be applied to microclimate analysis in urban area. The computational fluid analysis was divided into three areas (low-rise, low and high-rise, and high-rise) centered on the A2 point. On average, the low-rise area was 0.1 to 0.4% higher than the high-rise area. In the low and high-rise area and high-rise area, the pith of buildings are wide, so the airflow is smooth, so it is judged that the temperature is relatively low.

Adsorption of arsenic by graphene-based adsorbents is widely applied to remove arsenic from water and has become a promising technology. However, most of the reported studies were conducted at a relatively higher concentration of arsenic in As (V) oxidative form, whereas the As (III) is more difficult to remove from water and more toxic, which prompted us to conduct the study at a lower concentration of 1 ppm in As (III). A Facile and controlled synthesis of graphene-based metal/ metal oxide nanomaterials and adsorptive removal of aqueous As (III) is reported here. Adsorbents were characterized using spectroscopy (FTIR, XPS and Raman) and microscopy (TEM). The maximum uptake of arsenic obtained was 88.8% from the RGO-Fe3O4 composite among all the adsorbents. The pseudo-second-order model and Intra-particle mass transfer diffusion model were applied to determine the adsorption kinetics with varying contact time between the adsorbents and the As (III) in water to interact. Experimental results suggest that the adsorption of As (III) onto the adsorbents was a multi-step process involving external adsorption to the surface followed by diffusion to the interior. A simple spectrophotometric method also was used for the detection and quantification of As (III).

최근 신체활동에 대해 인식하는 센서와 그 제품군에 대한 관심 및 수요가 증가하고 있다. 특히 유연하고 연신이 가능하 며 사용자의 생체신호를 감지할 수 있는 웨어러블 소재에 대한 개발이 주목받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 소수성 소재에 Micro Needle을 통해 미세 구멍을 형성한 후 SWCNT 분산용액에 대한 함침 효율을 향상시키는 실험을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서 는 구멍을 뚫지 않은 소재를 대조(control) 군으로 함침을 진행, 비교 분석하였다. 센서의 전기전도도를 평가하기 위해 Strain UTM (Universal Testing Machine, UTM, Dacell)과 저항을 측정하는 멀티미터(Keysight)를 이용해 센서를 인장했 을 때의 센서의 전기전도도를 측정하였다. 또한 센서의 내구성을 평가하기 위해 시료별로 500회 인장을 진행한 후에 센서 의 전기전도도를 평가하였다. 그 결과 Needling을 한 센서의 전기전도성이 Needling을 하지 않은 센서에 비해 최소 16배 이상 뛰어남을 알 수 있었다. 또한 센서의 초기 저항에 비해 게이지 팩터도 우수해 센서로서 좋은 성능을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 친수성 소재에 비해 물성이 뛰어나지만, 높은 표면장력 때문에 함침 효율이 좋지 않았던 소수성 소재의 함침 효율을 높여 신체의 움직임을 더 효과적으로 감지하고 내구성과 활용 가능성이 뛰어난 센서를 제작했다.

Micro-climate measurements and computational fluid analysis were conducted to use it as basic data for the preservation and management of the old house of Kim Myung-kwan, a traditional building that is National Folk Cultural Property No. 26. As a result of the actual measurement, the temperature and humidity are relatively evenly distributed indoors unlike outdoors, but the temperature and humidity vary depending on the time change and the installation location in the outdoors. It was found that the temperature increases after dawn and the temperature varies depending on the installation position around 14:00–15:00, when the temperature becomes the highest. In particular, the temperature was high at the outdoor measurement point adjacent to the building and the fence. As a result of the computational fluid analysis, the temperature was high in the buildings and fences in the old house or in the area adjacent to the building, and it was about 1℃ higher than the surrounding area. In this area, it is judged that the thickening of wood will occur more severely than in other locations, and special preservation management is required.