국내 기후변화와 급격한 도시화가 진행함으로써 도심지 불투수 면적 증가로 인하여 자연적인 물순환이 원활히 이루어 지지 않고 있다. 이로 인해 국지성 폭우로 인한 지표수의 증가로 도심지 홍수 피해가 빈번하게 발생하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본연구에서는 주차장 매립 빗물저류조를 통하여 지표 유출량을 감소시켜 원활한 물순환에 기여하고 그에 따른 해 당 구조물의 상부 하중과 배열 방식에 따른 거동 특성을 분석하고자 한다. 해당 구조물의 분석은 유한요소 해석을 이용 하였으며, 분석 결과 매립 깊이 3m 이상 시 상부 하중이 저류조에 적용되는 하중이 급격하게 저감되는 결과를 나타냈다.

최근 자율주행 기술의 급속한 발전으로 자율주행 기술이 탑재된 차량이 눈에 띄고 있다. 자율주행 기술로 인해 교통사 고 감소와 효율적인 교통운영을 유도할 수 있는데, 주행 환경뿐만 아니라 주차 환경에서도 큰 이점을 보이고 있다. 이러 한 자율주행 기술을 기반으로 한 로봇 파킹 시스템은 주차 소요 시간을 단축하고 주차 공간을 더욱 효율적으로 활용할 수 있는데, 이는 특히 교통약자들의 이동 편의성을 크게 향상시킬 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 차량의 진출입이 빈번 하고 보행자의 이동이 많은 고속도로 휴게시설을 대상으로 교통약자를 고려한 로봇 파킹 시스템을 도입하여 안정성과 효율성을 평가하고자 한다. 이를 위해 2010년부터 2022년까지의 고속도로 휴게시설 사고 데이터를 분석하여, 사고 빈도 와 사고 심각도를 고려한 EPDO(Equivalent Property Damage Only) 값이 높은 중부내륙선 충주휴게소(창원방향)를 분석 대상지로 선정하였다. 미시교통 시뮬레이션 VISSIM을 활용하여 대상 휴게소의 도로 및 주차장 네트워크를 구축하고 시 뮬레이션하였다. 안전성 평가를 위해 DRAC(Deceleration Rate to Avoid Crash) 및 PET(Post Encroachment Time) 지 표 등을 활용하였으며, 효율성 평가로는 주차 회전율(Parking Turning Rate) 및 정지횟수(Number of Stops) 지표 등을 사용하여 비교하였다. 본 연구는 기존 연구들과 달리 교통약자의 관점에서 로봇 파킹 시스템의 효과를 분석했다는 점에 서 차별성을 가진다.

In this study, we analyze the design preferences of parking spaces for shared e-scooters. The detailed purposes are to develop the attributes and attribute levels for the design of shared e-scooter parking spaces, derive profiles by combining the attributes and attribute levels of parking space design, collect preference data on parking-space design from shared e-scooter users, and analyze the preferences for parking space design. The attributes and attribute levels for the design of shared e-scooter parking spaces were developed based on a literature review and an investigation of shared e-scooter parking spaces. Using the full profile method and orthogonal design, the profiles were derived by combining the attribute levels. Preference data for parking space profiles were collected from shared e-scooter users using survey cards to visualize the profiles. Preferences for parking-space design were analyzed using conjoint analysis. Through a literature review and case studies, three attributes: parking angle and direction, parking unit, and parking method, along with their attribute levels were developed. By combining the attributes and their levels, 16 profiles for parking spaces were created. Preference data for these parking-space profiles were collected from 278 shared e-scooter users using a 10-point Likert scale. Using conjoint analysis, the utility and importance of the attributes and attribute levels for parking space design were analyzed. A parking-space design plan that considers the preferences of shared e-scooter users was proposed. The utilities of the attribute levels for shared e-scooter parking space design were derived. Among the attribute levels, the 'compact parking unit' showed the highest utility for the parking unit, whereas 'head-in parking' had the highest utility for the parking method. For parking angle and direction, 'perpendicular parking' had the highest utility, followed by '45°, direction toward the facility’s passageway.' The importance of the attributes for shared e-scooter parking space design was also derived, with 'parking angle and direction' being the most important attribute. Finally, a parking space design plan for shared e-scooters was proposed using visualized survey cards.

This study compares and analyzes the discharge status of smoke according to the method of installing a mobile blower in the event of a fire in an underground parking lot of an apartment using an evacuation simulation. An evacuation simulation was conducted on the situation in which the discharge of smoke in the event of a fire was discharged using a mobile blower to extinguish the smoke in the event of a fire by focusing on the part without smoke facilities in the underground parking lot. The results derived through experiments on the amount of smoke discharged using the natural exhaust method and the mobile blower in the underground parking lot are as follows. (1) In the event of a fire in an underground parking lot, the PPV (positive pressure ventilation) method, which has been mainly used in the field, should be used in a limited way. It can be an effective method if the exhaust port corresponding to the amount of the blower and the smoke exhaust is located nearby, or if the capacity of the apartment ventilation fan is designed to meet the 18CMH/㎡ of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 88A or the 27CMH/㎡ standard standard for performance-oriented design evaluation and operation such as fire fighting facilities of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 88A. (2) In the case of the additional mixing method (PPV+NPV) performed in the FDS experiment, smoke emissions increased by 5.1% compared to the NPV single method, and increased by 24.4% compared to the PPV single method.

Due to the smoke generated during a fire in an underground parking lot, initial response is difficult, resulting in an increase in life and property damage. In this study, fire cases in underground parking lots were analyzed and the necessity of legal and institutional amendments was suggested to improve the installation of smoke removal facilities, sprinkler facilities, emergency outlet facilities, and connected water pipe facilities. First, it is necessary to improve the smoke removal facilities of apartment underground parking lots. Second, it is necessary to install wet sprinklers in underground parking lots only when it has a structure or device capable of preventing freezing. It is stipulated in a manner other than wet in the fire safety technology (NFTC 103) of sprinkler facilities. However, wet sprinklers may be installed only in places where there is no fear of freezing, or when a structure or device capable of preventing freezing has been used. Third, it is necessary to amend the "Firefighting Facility Installation and Management Act" so that the standards for installing emergency outlet facilities are not regulated according to the number of underground floors, but according to the sum of the floor areas of the underground floors.

본 연구의 목적은 보행로에서 자유 주차된 공유형 자전거 및 전동킥보드를 수용하기 위한 혼합형 주차구획 설계방안을 제시하는 것 이다. 본 연구의 방법은 다음과 같다. 현장조사를 통해 공유형 자전거 및 전동킥보드의 주차비율을 도출한다. 문헌조사를 통해 공유형 자전거 및 전동킥보드의 주차단위구획을 도출한다. 주차단위구획의 배치에 따른 기하학적 특성을 이용하여 혼합형 주차구획 설계공식 을 도출한다. 혼합형 주차구획 설계 공식을 이용하여 주차구획 설계 사례를 제시한다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 주차실태 현장 조사를 통해 공유형 자전거 및 전동킥보드의 주차비율을 도출하였다. 혼합형 주차구획 설계공식 도출을 위한 주차단위구획의 규격을 도출하였다. 공유형 자전거 및 전동킥보드의 주차비율을 반영한 혼합형 주차구획 설계공식을 도출하였다. 공유형 자전거 및 전동킥보 드의 주차각도 유형별로 혼합형 주차구획 설계공식 적용 사례를 도출하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 자유주차 방식의 공유형 자 전거 및 전동킥보드로 인한 보행 방해 문제를 해소할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

본 연구의 목적은 공유형 개인이동장치 주차공간/면에 대한 이용자 중심의 선호도를 파악하는 것이다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위한 방법은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 문헌고찰을 통해 공유형 개인이동장치 주차공간/면에 대한 설계요소를 도출한다. 둘째, 주차공간/면 설 계요소 조합을 통해 공유형 개인이동장치 주차공간/면에 대한 설계대안을 도출한다. 셋째, 설문조사를 통해 공유형 개인이동장치 이용 자를 대상으로 주차공간/면 설계대안에 대한 선호의식 데이터를 수집한다. 마지막으로 선호도 분석을 통해 공유형 개인이동장치 이용 자가 선호하는 설계요소를 도출한다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 공유형 개인이동장치 주차공간/면에 대한 설계요소로 주차면, 주 차각도 및 방향, 주차방법을 도출하였다. 공유형 개인이동장치 주차공간/면 설계요소를 바탕으로 16개의 설계대안을 도출하였다. 공유 형 개인이동장치 주차공간/면 설계대안에 대한 이용자의 선호도를 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 공유형 개인이동장치 이용자의 특성 및 이용행태별로 선호하는 설계요소를 도출하였다. 본 연구의 연구결과를 바탕으로 공유형 개인이동장치 주차공간/면 설계대안에 대한 기 준 마련을 위한 기초자료를 제시하였다.

최근 몇 년간 서울시 내 공유 전동 킥보드의 도입대수가 증가함에 따라, 불법 주·정차 문제가 중요한 사회적 이슈로 부각되었다. 서 울시는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 관련 조례를 개정하여 불법 주·정차된 킥보드를 견인하고 있으나, 불법 주정차 신고 건수는 여전히 감소하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 사후 견인에 중점을 두고 있는 제도를 보완하기 위해서는 전동킥보드 불법 주·정차의 공간적 특성을 파악하고 이에 대한 체계적인 분석이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 전동킥보드 견인 데이터를 활용하여 전동 킥보드가 불법 주·정 차된 지역의 공간적 특성을 파악하자고 한다. 이에 따라, 서울시 각 행정동별 전동킥보드 불법 주·정차 견인 건수를 바탕으로 Moran's I 분석을 수행하여 공간적 자기 상관성을 파악하였다. High-High(HH), Low-Low(LL), High-Low(HL), Low-High(LH)로 구분된 네 가지 유 형의 패턴이 서울시 내에 분포하는 양상을 파악하고, 각 구역의 공간적 특성을 분석하였다. 연구결과는 해당 문제의 사전 예방을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고, 정책적 시사점을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

PURPOSES : This study presents a formula for calculating the parking capacity of shared e-scooter parking spaces using the dimensions of the clearance spaces of sidewalks. The details are as follows: First, the discontinuity angle of the parking unit placement is derived. Second, the parameters of the sidewalk clearance lengths are derived. Third, a formula for calculating the parking capacity of shared e-scooter parking spaces is derived. Finally, we examine the applicability of the parking capacity calculation formula to actual sidewalk clearance spaces. METHODS : Based on literature reviews, a formula for the discontinuity angle of parking unit placement was derived using the sidewalk clearance widths and the geometric structure of parking units. Formulas for the parameters of the sidewalk clearance lengths were derived using the sidewalk clearance lengths and the geometric structure of the parking units. A formula for parking capacity calculation was derived using the formula for the parameters of the sidewalk clearance lengths and the discontinuity angle. Examples of the application of the parking capacity calculation formula to actual sidewalk clearance spaces are presented. RESULTS : The results of this study are listed as follows: The discontinuity angle for the placement of standard shared e-scooter parking units was derived. Additionally, a formula for the sidewalk clearance lengths was derived. Moreover, a formula for calculating the parking capacity of shared e-scooter parking spaces based on sidewalk clearance lengths and widths was derived. Finally, examples of the application of the parking capacity calculation formula to actual sidewalk clearance spaces are presented. CONCLUSIONS : A formula for calculation of the parking capacity of shared e-scooter parking spaces using the dimensions of the clearance space of sidewalks was derived and proposed. The parking capacity calculation formula presented in this study can contribute to the design of parking spaces to accommodate dockless shared e-scooters on sidewalks. Furthermore, it can also contribute to accommodating other types of dockless mobility. Future research can focus on designing parking spaces that consider the parking demands for shared e-scooters.

In this study, the design of parking brake mounting bracket for SUVs (sports utility vehicles) was handled through structural analysis. For safety evaluation, we conducted a shape analysis of parking brake mounting bracket, discovered improvement measures for weak areas, and reflected them in the design. In addition, a strength analysis was performed and the analysis results were reflected in the design. As a result of analysis through various design changes, it was possible to suggest an appropriate parking brake mounting bracket shape. In addition, the effect of changes in the shape of the reinforcement and mounting bracket on the stiffness and strength of the parking brake mounting bracket was investigated.

PURPOSES : This study presents an application plan for parking spaces for shared e-scooters using the clearance widths of sidewalks. The detailed purposes are as follows: firstly, to present appropriate spaces for installing parking lots for shared E-scooters. Secondly, to derive the specifications of parking unit spaces for shared E-scooters. Thirdly, to derive the formula for calculating the parking angle of shared E-scooters. Lastly, to provide examples of calculating the parking angle using the derived formula. METHODS : Based on the literature review, appropriate locations for installing parking spaces for shared E-scooters on sidewalks were proposed. We also investigated design factors based on a literature review to derive the specifications of parking unit spaces for shared E-scooters, and utilized the geometric characteristics of clearance widths of sidewalks to derive a formula for calculating the parking angle. Finally, we provide examples of calculating the parking angle for shared E-scooters using the derived formula. RESULTS : The results of this study are as follows. We proposed clearance widths of sidewalks as appropriate spaces for installing parking spaces for shared E-scooters. Next, we derived the specifications of parking unit spaces for shared E-scooters considering anthropometric measurements, specifications of shared E-scooters, and clearance dimensions. Moreover, we derived a formula for calculating the parking angle of shared E-scooters considering clearance widths of sidewalks. Finally, we presented examples of calculating the parking angle for shared E-scooter parking unit spaces based on clearance widths of sidewalks. CONCLUSIONS : It was concluded that the application for parking spaces for shared e-scooters using the clearance widths of sidewalks was presented. We derived the standard and compact specifications of parking unit spaces for shared E-scooters, and provided foundational data for estimating the parking capacity using a formula for calculating the parking angle of shared E-scooters. Future research directions include presenting case studies of estimating parking capacity using the parking angle of shared E-scooters.

급속한 도시화, 마이카 시대의 도래 등으로 증가하는 주차 수요에 대응하기 위하여 공동주택에서도 지하주차장이 도입되었으며, 초고층 공동주택의 보급 확대, 보행자 안전 확보 및 쾌적한 단지 환경 조 성을 위하여 단지내 차량 동선이 지하화 되는 등 지하주차장의 규모가 점차 증가하고 있다. 현재 공동 주택의 지하주차장은 지하 2층 이상으로 심도가 점차 깊어지고 있으며 이에 따라 일상적으로 지하 수 위 이하에 위치하게 되어 상시 수압에 노출될 수 있으므로 누수 방지를 위한 방수공법은 중요한 설계 요소가 되었다. 지하주차장에 적용되고 있는 방수 공법을 살펴보면 초기 지하 1층 정도의 저심도의 지 하주차장에서는 액체방수와 유도배수 등이 적용되어 왔고 이러한 내방수 공법들은 지하주차장 골조 내부에 시공하여 시공이 쉽고 보수 등의 유지관리가 쉬운 장점이 있지만 유입되는 물을 내부에서 배 수처리시킴으로 구조체 내부로 물의 유입을 허용한다는 측면에서 지하수위가 높아 수압이 많이 작용 하는 지반에 적합하지 않다. 반면 외방수 공법은 지하구조물 외부에 연속적인 막을 형성하는 공법으로 골조 외부에 시공하기 때문에 물의 침투를 원천적으로 방지할 수 있어 방수성능이나 내구성 등의 측 면에서 유리하지만 시공을 위한 작업공간의 확보가 필요해 도심지와 같이 협소한 현장에서는 적용이 어렵고 또한 되메우기 이후에 방수재가 파손되는 등 문제가 발견된 경우 보수가 불가능하다는 단점이 있다. 현재 외방수 공법은 주로 시트형태의 방수재료를 구체면에 부착하고 후속 공정에서 발생할 수 있는 시트의 파손을 방지하기 위한 보호층을 설치하는 방법으로 시공되는 것이 일반적인 형태이다. 외 방수 공법과 관련된 표준시방서(KCS) 및 한국산업규격(KS) 등을 보면, 각종 방수재의 시험항목은 유 사하나 제시하고 있는 품질기준 값이 서로 큰 차이를 보이고 있다는 점에서 지하주차장에서 요구되는 방수성능이 명확하게 제시되었다고는 보기에는 한계가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지하주차장의 방수 성능을 확보하기 위하여 누수 원인이 될 수 있는 시공적 요인, 환경적 요인 및 지하주차장의 구조적 거동 등을 종합적으로 분석하여 지하주차장에서 요구되는 방수재료의 성능기준 및 시공측면에서의 개 선 사항 등을 도출하고자 한다.

The parking gear is very important part of automotive because it is related to safety. Nonlinear gear groove of parking gear is used to enlarge the contact area between parking gear and pawl. The die has been widely applied for many industrial parts such as machine, automotive and so on. The purpose of this study is to investigate the stability of upper and lower dies by using numerical analysis. As the results, the lower die was weaker than the upper die in this study, and the lower die showed that it should be used within 500ton in terms of safety factor. Further the most weak point of lower die was low location in front of gear. Its minimum value of safety factor was 0.578 in case of 4000ton of press load, therefore, this weak point was needed to be reinforced.

PURPOSES : This study is to analyze factors affecting improper parking behaviors in a perspective of personal mobility users. Detailed purposes are as follows. Firstly, exogenous and endogenous latent variables were set. Secondly, structural equation model were constructed. Hypothesis for the structural equation model were established. Then model’s goodness of fit was analyzed and following the result model was modified. Lastly, factors affecting improper personal mobility parking behavior was found out. METHODS : Based on the literature review, exogenous and endogenous latent variables were set. Correlation between latent variables and their observed variables was defined to build structural equation model. According to the model hypothesis was established. In order to collect data, survey was conducted on personal mobility users. Model’s goodness fit was verified and the model was modified. Lastly in order to find out the factors affecting improper personal mobility parking behavior path analysis was conducted. RESULTS : Based on literature review, based on 6 of latent variables the structural equation model was made. Survey was conducted on 341 participants who has used personal mobility at least once based on Likert 5-point scale. Out of 341 responses 22 responses considered as careless responses were removed. As a result of analysis of structural equation model, it turned out that ‘ease of transfer’ had a positive effect on improper parking of personal mobility meanwhile ‘convenience’ and ‘road condition’ had a negative effect. CONCLUSIONS : It was concluded that the proximity and accessibility to the transfer facility could be important when installing personal mobility parking lot as improper parking behavior of personal mobility users could be affected by ease of transfer to other traffic mode. Also, interval of parking lots, location and its road condition should be considered in order to make it convenient for users to find parking lot and to encourage them to use it more often.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to identify the beneficiaries of car-sharing that can utilize autonomous car-sharing services when they are introduced. METHODS : This study was conducted in two stages. The first step was to analyze the characteristics of shared car usage by region and rental time using t-Ttest. The second step was to analyze the beneficiaries of autonomous car-sharing services if they are introduced. The beneficiaries were derived using parking time and survey data. RESULTS : Car-sharing behavior showed statistically different usage characteristics by region and rental period. However, the distance traveled per trip for short trips was similar. When the autonomous car sharing service with free return and rental is introduced, 31% (Jeju) to 38% (Daejeon) of short-term renters and 50 to 52% of long-term renters are expected to benefit. CONCLUSIONS : When introducing autonomous car-sharing services, it is necessary to establish a shared car strategy that reflects the characteristics of car-sharing use by region and rental period. In particular, in Jeju Island, where the rental time is relatively longer than Daejeon, the introduction of autonomous car-sharing services will contribute to reducing the cost of shared vehicles in terms of cost.

PURPOSES : This study is to analyze preference of shared personal mobility(shared e-scooter or shared bike) parking lot. The detailed purposes are as follows. Firstly, the attributes and attribute levels of shared personal mobility are developed. Based on combined attributes and attribute levels several profiles were composed. Preference data of shared personal mobility parking lot is collected through survey. Preference of shared personal mobility parking lot was analyzed using conjoint analysis. METHODS : Based on the literature review, the attributes and attribute levels that might affect behavior or intention of shared personal mobility parking were developed. Several profiles that contain combined attributes and attribute levels were created in a fractional factorial design. In order to collect preference data of shared personal mobility parking lot, online survey were proceeded. The survey participants were asked to mark preference point between point 1 and point 10. Lastly, preference of shared personal mobility parking lot was analyzed using conjoint analysis. RESULTS : Based on literature review, 5 attributes for conjoint analysis were set.(Distance between shared personal mobility parking lot and destination, Space for shared personal mobility parking lot, Location of shared personal mobility parking lot, Type of shared personal mobility parking lot, Interval of shared personal mobility parking lot). With the combination of 5 attributes and their levels, 16 random profiles were made. Online survey was proceeded with 300 participants who have used shared personal mobility. Using conjoint analysis utility and importance of each attribute has been calculated. As a result, the preference got higher when distance between parking lot and destination and intervals of parking lots are short. In addition racks are tended to be preferred and it seems to be more profer to install parking lot on buffer zone of pedestrian road instead of adjacent to private building. CONCLUSIONS : It could be important to install personal mobility parking lot considering preference of parking lot attributes in order to encourage users to use the proper parking lot instead of parking anywhere.