The era of logistics 4.0 in which new technologies are applied to existing traditional logistics management has approached. It is developing based on the convergence between various technologies, and R&D are being conducted worldwide to build smart logistics by synchronizing various services with the logistics industry. Therefore, this study proposes a methodology and technology strategy that can achieve trend analysis using patent analysis and promote the development of the domestic smart logistics industry based on this. Based on the preceding research, eight key technology fields related to smart logistics were selected, and technology trends were derived through LDA techniques. After that, for the development of the domestic logistics industry, the strategy of the domestic smart logistics industry was derived based on analysis including technology capabilities. It proposed a growth plan in the field of big data and IoT in terms of artificial intelligence, autonomous vehicles, and marketability. This study confirmed smart logistics technologies by using LDA and quantitative indicators expressing the market and technology of patents in literature analysis-oriented research that mainly focused on trend analysis. It is expected that this method can also be applied to emerging logistics technologies in the future.

The pet industry, especially pet food, is experiencing rapid growth. This growth is accompanied by increasing concerns about pets' gut health, as an imbalanced microbiota can lead to various diseases. This study analyzes global patent trends in microbiome-based technologies for treating pet digestive issues using the WIPS database across major markets. Of 1,194 patents identified, 394 key references were examined, highlighting the increasing number of probiotic and microbiome-related patents since 2016. China dominates this sector, followed by Korea, Japan, and the United States. The findings provide a foundation for advancing microbiome-driven solutions for pet digestive ailments.

본 연구에서는 해양공간 통합관리 수단의 지원책으로 활용되는 해양공간 정책 시뮬레이터 기술에 대한 한국, 중국, 일본, 미국, 유럽 등 주요 5개국에 대한 정량분석을 위한 유효특허 1,474건을 도출하고, 연도별, 국가별 특허출원 동향 및 워드 클라우드 분석을 통해 국내 기술 경쟁력 및 국내·외 기술 트렌드를 파악하였다. 분석 결과 해양공간 정책 시뮬레이터 기술의 경우 중국(1,254건, 85.1%) 주도의 특허출원이 활발하게 이루어지고 있으며, 세부 기술별로는 어업환경 변화예측 및 활용 시뮬레이터(AC)가 392건(26.6%)으로 가장 높은 것 으로 나타난다. 핵심 키워드 변화를 통해 최근에는 다중 데이터의 수집과 데이터의 탐지, 예측, 평가 등으로 기술 트렌드가 이루어지고 있 음을 확인하였으며, 중국 주도의 시장 독과점 및 선점에 대비하기 위해 주변 기술에 대한 특허출원 고려 및 표준화 선점 등의 연계 전략 을 통한 대비와 정부 차원의 해양공간 정책 시뮬레이터 기술 연구개발에 대한 적극적인 정책적 지원이 필요함을 진단하였다.

본 연구의 목적은 재료분야 국내 공동특허의 공동 출원인 정보를 이용하여 연구협력 네트워크의 구조, 특징, 진화를 탐구하는 것이다. 이를 위해 재료 기술분야(금속, 세라믹, 고분자 등 6개 기술분야) 및 혁신주체(산업계, 학계, 연구계)의 네트워크 구조 및 동태를 정량적으로 분석하며, 2010년∼2021년까지 한국의 공동특허 데이터를 활용하여 소셜 네트워크 분석(SNA)을 사용한다. 분석결과, 재료분야는 세부기술별로 네트워크의 차별점이 존재하며, 산업계, 학계, 연구계 등 혁신주체별 협력 강도의 명백한 단계별 특성을 가진다. 연구협력 네트워크의 규모는 점차 확장되어 ‘작은 세계’ 구조를 보여주고 있다. 본 연구를 통해 재료 정책 관점에서 지금까지 시행된 재료분야 산학연 협력 정책의 효과를 파악하는데 정책적 시사점을 제공함과 동시에, 보다 효과적인 재료 혁신주체 간의 네트워크를 구축하기 위한 근거 기반의 정책 수립에 도움이 될 수 있다.

인공지능은 4차 산업혁명의 프레임이 소개된 이후 점차 보편적인 기술로 자리를 잡아가고 있으며, 인공지능 관련 특허 출원도 크게 증가하고 있다. 최근에는 특허 생태계가 출원 건수 위주의 양적 경쟁에서 고품질의 특허 확보라는 질적 경쟁으로 패러다임이 변화되면서, 저품질 특허로 인한 비용 손실에 관심이 높아지고 있다. 이러한 배경으로 본 연구에서는 머신러닝과 Doc2Vec 알고리즘을 활용하여 특허 품질을 예측하는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 본 연구를 위해 WIPO에서 정의한 CPC 코드를 활용하여 미국 특허청(USPTO)에 등록된 인공지능 관련 특허 데이터를 추출하였고, 이를 통해 정형 데이터 기반 19개 변수, 비정형 데이터 기반 7개 변수를 개발하였다. 특히, 새롭게 제안하는 Doc2Vec 알고리즘을 이용한 제목과 초록 텍스트 유사도 변수는 고품질 특허를 예측하는데 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단된다. 이에 유사도 변수의 효과를 확인하기 위해 유사도 변수를 포함한 앙상블 기반 머신러닝 모델과 포함하지 않은 모델을 개발하여 비교하였다. 실험 결과, 유사도 변수를 포함한 모델이 AUC 0.013, f1-score 0.025가 높게 나타나 더 우수한 성능을 보였다. 이는 유사도 변수가 고품질 특허 예측에 기여한다는 것을 시사한다. 또한, SHAP을 이용하여 블랙박스 형태의 머신러닝 변수 영향도를 설명하였다. 본 연구를 통해 핵심 기술 분야인 인공지능과 같은 영역에서 특허의 품질을 예측하고, 고품질 특허 개발을 장려함으로써 사회적 가치를 실현하는 데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

Recently, the market competition has been fiercer due to the acceleration of technological change and the launch of intelligent products. In this situation, technology cooperation activities through networks rather than independent technological innovation activities of a single company or institution are recognized as a crucial strategy to gain competitiveness. Technology cooperation can take various forms depending on the target technology, and researchers have conducted performance analyses of technology cooperation types. However, there have not been data-based quantitative studies on the types and trends of technology cooperation for the target technology. In this paper, we explored the difference between the technology cooperation types by technology and time using the formal concept analysis method and co-patent information. In particular, the proposed methodology has been verified through the case study of electric vehicles, and it is intended to suggest the direction of technological cooperation according to specific technologies and cooperation targets in the future

The increasing number of technology transfers from public research institutes in Korea has led to a growing demand for patent recommendation platforms for SMEs. This is because selecting the right technology for commercialization is a critical factor in business success. This study developed a patent recommendation system that uses technology transfer data from the past 10 years to recommend patents that are suitable for SMEs. The system was developed in three stages. First, an item-based collaborative filtering system was developed to recommend patents based on the similarities between the patents that SMEs have previously transferred. Next, a content-based recommendation system based on TF-IDF was developed to analyze patent names and recommend patents with high similarity. Finally, a hybrid system was developed that combines the strengths of both recommendation systems. The experimental results showed that the hybrid system was able to recommend patents that were both similar and relevant to the SMEs' interests. This suggests that the system can be a valuable tool for SMEs that are looking to acquire new technologies.

In this review, we examine the latest technological developments in the utilization of truffles, a gourmet ingredient reputed to be one of the "world's three greatest delicacies," considering changing global consumption trends. Global demand for truffles is expected to increase steadily, with an average annual growth rate of 8.9% from 2023 to 2030. As truffles are expensive, the demand for truffles is expected to be concentrated in developed countries such as the United States, European countries, and Japan. In Korea, truffles are utilized in various industries, including food, functional foods, and cosmetics. Korean consumer demand for truffles has consistently remained high since 2019, and truffle products have been performing well in the market. Consequently, there exists substantial potential demand for newly developed truffle-related products and technologies. This review aims to provide objective research information through the systematic analysis of patent applications in Korea and internationally, focusing on technologies involving truffles, and can aid in setting directions for research and development.

In today’s world, intellectual property (IP) rights have become a significant part of overall corporate value as well as a “driver of important market transactions.” Nevertheless, patent commercialization and claims for damages due to patent infringement are often obstructed by parties’ differing positions on the patent value. To improve Vietnam’s legal and practical environment for patent valuation, this paper constructs a comparison of the prevailing frameworks of the United States and the People’s Republic of China with that of Vietnam to make recommendations meeting the stated purpose. An analysis of relevant academic literature suggests that parties should be allowed to choose their preferred valuation technique even when having engaged valuation professionals. Also, valuation service providers should be able to demonstrate the underlying rationale for selecting a particular valuation method. Other valuation techniques, such as forward citation counting, should also be studied to provide private parties, patent valuators and relevant state agencies in Vietnam with more options when facing the need to value a patent.

A turbo engine is used to improve engine volumetric efficiency by using the energy of exhaust gas with a device such as a turbocharger. Recently, it has been attracting attention as a solution for responding to environmental issues such as exhaust gas regulation, and its use is being expanded to gasoline and CNG engines as well as diesel engines. However, as electric and hydrogen vehicles enter the automotive market more rapidly, traditional turbo engines also confront many challenges. In this paper, to examine the current status and prospects of the turbo engine, we analyze the related patents in the turbo engine field applied to patent offices in seven major countries, including Korea, USA, China, Japan, Germany, France, and the European Union Patent Office, and analyze the patent application trend. Using ‘the pie’ system of Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), family patents were refined, patent application trends were diagnosed, and the technology and market competitiveness of major applicants were compared and analyzed. Even within the turbo engine market, where traditional automakers and turbocharger manufacturer participate, it was possible to examine the dynamic changes in the market through the analysis of technology and market competitiveness. The main companies leading the technology and market aspects and the companies specialized in the technology and market aspects were observed.

An efficient protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPs) has a positive impact on the economy as it can help attract foreign investment and encourage the advancement of science and technology. There has been much discussion among the ASEAN member States in harmonizing their IP systems to encourage registration and utilization of IPRs among them. However, many legal infrastructures should be prepared in each of the ASEAN member countries and at the ASEAN level before the harmonization of the IP system. In the patent area, the harmonization idea requires more effort since there is also a huge difference in technology development among them. This article discusses various strategies in harmonizing the patent system in the ASEAN member states. This author would look into similar regional organizations, such as the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization and the African Intellectual Property Organization to compare their patent systems to those of the ASEAN to promote the utilization of patents in the ASEAN region.

현대형 소송이 증가함에 따라 전문가 증인의 역할의중요성이갈수록증대되고있다. 영미법계 를 따르는 미국은 특허 소송에서 전문가 증인 (Expert Witness)의 사용이 일반화되어 있으며, 전문가 증인은 소송 초기부터 배심원 재판까지 많은 절차에서 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 배심원 은 1심 소송의 거의 마지막에 소송 절차에 참여 하기 때문에, 당사자를 위해 증언하는 전문가 증 인의 증언이 배심원 재판에서 허용되기 위해서는 기준이 필요했고, Frye, Dauert 판결 등에 의해 기준이 설정되다가 미국연방증거법 제702조에 법제화되었다. 우리나라는 대륙법 체계의 국가로, 소송의 사실판단에서 전문가의 도움을 받는 방법 으로 감정인 제도를 주로 이용해 왔으나, 부실한 감정, 감정인의 도덕성, 추상적 감정사항 기재로 인한 무용한 감정결과, 형식적인 감정인 신문등 이에 대한 문제점이 노출되면서, 전문심리위원제 도를 2007년 도입하였다. 하지만 전문심리위원제도 역시 역할 대비 복잡한 절차, 낮은 전문심리 위원 수당, 제도 자체에 대한 인식부족, 전문심리 위원의 의견에 대한 반박 절차의 부족 등으로 그 활용도가 낮아서 문제가 되었으며, 이의 개선을 위해 의료 및 건축분야에 한정하여 상임전문심리 위원제도를 도입하였다. 하지만 감정인의 문제점 은 해결이 어려운바, 법원의 공정한 판결을 위해, 프랑스에서 시행하고 있는 특임판사 제도와 유사 한 감정인의 업무를 총괄하는 전문심리관제와 전 문기술의 심리방안 연구와 전문심리위원 선정을 위한 각 기술 분야별 전문가 위원회를 법원산하 에서 운영하는 방안을 제안한다. 우리나라 특허 소송은 특허법원이 2020년 전문심리위원 추천위 원 위촉등을 시작으로 본격적인 전문위원제도 활 용을 시작했고, 특허심판원도 2021년 전문심리 위원제도 운영을 시작하는 등, 특허 소송에 전문 가 활용 제고를 위해 노력하고 있으나, 기존 감정 인과 전문심리위원의 문제는 여전히 안고 있는바, 특허법원 산하에 전문심리관과 전문가위원회를 두어 이에 대한 해결까지 같이 진행하는 방안을 제안하고자 한다. 미국 Dauert 판결의 전문가 증 언 허용 기준은 우리나라에서 증거력과 증명력의 기준으로 사용되고 있으나, 국민참여재판 제도가 확대된다면, 배심원 재판에서 제시허용 기준에대 한 명확한 기준이 제시되어야 할 것이다.

최근 국가연구개발의 집행예산은 증가 추세에 있고, 이에 따라 국가연구개발 사업의 양적 성과 또한 증가하고 있으나, 질적 성과의 증가세는 양적 성과 대비 취약한 것으로 나타나고 있다. 특허등급 및 기술이전효율성이 낮은 기술 등 질적 성과 부진의 원인으로 ‘건 수’ 위주의 성과평가에 대한 개선 필요성이 제기되고 있으며, 이에 대한 대응으로 다양한 ‘질적 성과지표’를 이용한 성과평가가 도입되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 여러 질적 성과지표 중 주요국 (미국, 유럽, 일본) 특허청에 모두 출원하여 특허의 해외경쟁력을 측정할 수 있는 ‘삼극특허’ 창출 과제를 대상으로 연구개발사업의 질적성과 평가를 위한 성과지표로서 삼극특허에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하였다. 분석결과, R&D규모 요인 및 과제특성 요인 중 일부는 삼극특허 창출에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 성과분석 측면에서 선행 연구가 상대적으로 미진한 삼극특허를 관심대상으로 확장하고, 삼극특허 창출의 영향요인을 선형회귀분석(OLS)을 통해 살펴본 초기연구라는 점에서 의의가 있다.

The purpose of this study is to use the hybrid steam-solvent process, because it is created in the form of water, bitumen, and water/bitumen emulsion by hot steam, so effective separation is required. Methods for separating the emulsion include a chemical separation method by adding a chemical, a separation method using an electrostatic property, a separation method using a membrane, a separation method using a microwave, and the like. Among them, the most used method is the separation method using a chemical, and it is reported that the separation efficiency of the emulsion is the best. In this study, a method for efficiently separating bitumen emulsions using a chemical separation method adding an emulsifier was investigated. In particular, technological trends in oil sand oil treatment technology were analyzed based on patent analysis.

The purpose of this paper was to analyze domestic patents for food using edible insects. From January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2021, patents filed with the Korean Intellectual Property Office were searched, and a total of 242 valid patents were selected. The trend of Korean patent applications for edible insect food has increased since 2015, with 57 cases (the highest number) in 2017. As for the edible insects used in food, Bombyx mori L. were the most common with 127 cases, followed by Tenebrio molitor L. with 118 cases. By type of applicant, individuals accounted for the most, with 132 cases. As a result of grouping patents by food classification, 67 cases of edible insects were used in snacks, breads, and rice cakes. As a result of patent analysis, an effort was made to supplement insufficient nutrients by adding nutritionally excellent edible insects to existing foods, and efforts were made to improve the sensory properties of insect foods. It is expected that this study will contribute to establishing future R&D directions and patent application strategies related to edible insect food.

Republic of Korea has both criminal penalty and punitive damages as a remedy for willful infringement of patent rights after the revision of the Patent Act in 2018. The statutory sentence for willful patent infringement, especially imprisonment, has been enacted since 1961, and the sentence has increased, but statistics over the past 13 years show that the application from the prosecution stage to the judgment is extremely insignificant. Even in the one case in which the prison sentence was ordered, it was necessary to apply doctrine of equivalent, and it is difficult to show the clarity required by the principle of legality, which shows circumstantial evidence that raises doubts about the necessity and justification of the imprisonment against willful patent infringement. Punitive damages is a system that has a punitive function and a deterrent and preventive function of the infringer’s actions, and can perform the same function as the imprisonment against infringement. The United States, Taiwan, China, Canada, Australia and the Philippines, which have punitive damages, do not have criminal penalties for willful infringement. Republic of Korea is the only country that has both criminal penalties and punitive damages for willful patent infringement. For the development of science and technology and economic development, published patents must be used in various ways throughout society. Due to its nature, it is desirable for the regulation and coordination of the country in the field of science and technology to intervene only to the extent of supplementing it while respecting individual autonomy and creativity as much as possible. The purpose of the Patent Act lies in technological innovation and industrial development, and although it is a willful infringement, punishing patent infringers as imprisonment or threatening them can be an act of cutting off the buds of technological innovation in advance. It would be desirable to perform remedies for patent infringement as compensatory damages, and punishment and prevention for willful infringement through punitive damages.

The distinction between software expression protected by copyright law and software functionality not protected by copyright law is often elusive. Accordingly, we analyze what the U.S. Supreme Court’s Decision in a program copyright lawsuit between Google and Oracle suggests about the direction of copyright protection for the latest software. Next, we will try to find an appropriate balance between the scope of protection of patent and copyright for software. To this end, we look at ways to increase the expertise of judges to clearly determine the boundaries of the protection scope of patents and copyrights for software. Nevertheless, as for software, overlapping protection of patent and copyrights may inevitably occur. For this, we look at ways to resolve the inconsistency between the protection period of patent and copyrights. Lastly, we will look at the special law for areas not protected by patent and copyright laws.

In order to reduce the burden of proof on the patent holder and punish the infringer in a lawsuit for intentional patent infringement, a treble damages system was introduced through the revision of the Patent Act article 128 in 2019. Although the effect of compensating for the actual damage to the patent holder and preventing patent infringement was expected, approximately two years and six months have elapsed since the enforcement date of the revised law, and only two cases of increased damages were claimed and sentenced to the first trial. In one case, the provisions of the amended law could not be applied according to the provisions of the Addenda to the Patent Act, and in the other case, ‘intentional’ was not recognized. On the other hand, in the United States, claims for enhanced damages due to willful patent infringement are actively being made, and the court’s judgment criteria for malicious or willfullness have been established through several cases. The increase in cases of infringement of malice and enhanced damages before and after the Halo judgment of Supreme court has been confirmed through empirical analysis of related judgments. In Korean patent practice, the reason why Article 128 Paragraph 8 of the patent is not actively utilized is the supplementary provisions that limit the application of the enhanced damages system to infringement acts after July 2019, but it will be resolved naturally with the passage of time. A more fundamental cause is that the criteria for judging ‘intentional’ in ‘infringement recognized as intentional’ in Article 128 (8) of the Patent Act have not been established due to the small number of related cases. In Seoul Central District Court 2020Gahap505891 decision ordered on May 27, 2021, the court recognized that the plaintiff had delivered goods to the defendant and advertised that the plaintiff had the patent right, but it was difficult to admit the defendant’s intention to infringe on the patent. It was judged that the evidence was insufficient. However, it is difficult to conclude that the court’s criteria for judgment of intentionality are strict only with one case in which intention is denied. Considering the purpose of the Patent Act revision and inclusion of willful negligence in interpreting Civil Act §750, a more relaxed standard should be applied to intentional patent infringement. Furthermore, in order to make the proof of intentional infringement more clear as a patent holder, the ‘warning letter’ should be actively used even before litigation. A suspect infringer shall get advice from experts to avoid intentional patent infringement even before he or she receives a warning letter from the patent holder.

의약품 허가-특허연계제도는 의약품의 허가 심사 절차에서 오리지널 의약품에 대한 특허권 침해 여부를 고려하는 단계를 둠으로써 특허권을 보다 적극적으로 보호하려는 제도이다. 신약 특허 권자에 대한 강력한 보호를 통해 신약의 연구 개발을 장려하고, 제네릭 의약품 제조사는 특허 존속기간 중 신약의 안전성⋅유효성 자료를 자유롭게 이용하도록 함으로써 특허 만료 후 제네릭의 약품의 신속한 도입을 유인하는 친경쟁적 효과를 기대하며 도입되었다. 본 논문은 의약품 허가-특허연계제도가 본래의 목적에 맞게 운용되는지 여부를 평가하고, 현 제도의 한계를 살펴본 후 개선방안을 강구하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위하여 우선 한국 의약품 허가 -특허연계제도의 기조가 된 미국의 Hatch-Waxman법(해치-왁스만법)의 도입 배경과 제정 및 개정 연혁을 살펴본 후, 바이오의약품에 대해 적용되는 BPCIA(바이오의약품 가격 경쟁 및 혁신법)의 주요 규정과 특징을 검토하였다. 이후 한국의 의약품 허가-특허연계제도가 도입된 배경과 도입 시 논란 등을 살펴보고, 약사법에 규정된 본 제도의 주요 조항과 특징을 파악하였다. 이어 의약품 허가-특허연계제도와 관련 있는 미국의 Hatch-Waxman법에 따른 소송, BPCIA 해석에 대한 대법원 판례와 이하 주요 규정과 관련한 소송 등을 살펴본 후, 한국의 특허침 해소송 및 심판을 검토하였다. 마지막으로, 현재 운영되고 있는 우리 의약품 허가-특허연계제도가 도입된 약사법 규정의 한계를 살펴보고 부족한 점을 보완할 개선방안을 강구하고자 하였다. 구체적으로, 바이오의약품에 대한 예외 적용과 판 매금지 및 우선판매품목허가 규정에 대한 개선안을 제안하였다. 제네릭 제약사와 바이오시밀러 제약사가 주를 이루는 국내 제약업계 상황을 고려할 때, 의약품 허가-특허연계제도의 장점을 충분히 살려 신약 의 연구 개발 및 기술 혁신을 장려하면서도, 후발 의약품 신청자가 적극적으로 신약의 특허에 도전 하게 하고, 후발의약품의 시장 진입을 앞당겨, 환자에 대한 의약품 접근성을 높이고 의료비 절감을 추진할 수 있도록 약사법의 관련 조항들을 수정 및 보완하여야 할 것이다.