This paper seeks to enable the port of Shandong Peninsula to better handle the relationship between competition and cooperation and thus achieve common development. Based on an analysis of the current development of Shandong Peninsula ports, the paper proposes a port competition and cooperation strategy based on a Bertrand game. According to the game model, an income matrix of Qingdao Port and Rizhao Port, Yantai Port and Weihai Port is established and an analysis the income of each port under different strategic combinations is conducted to determine the strategy that is most conducive to the development of the ports. At the same time, we consider the instability of cooperation and establish a certain cooperation mechanism. Finally, an example is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed port development strategy for Shandong Peninsula.

Along the 3,200km-long coastline, Vietnam has a significant number of seaports, which are relatively large and named as the keys to economic development. However, most ports are relatively small with obsolete facilities and poor supporting services. Among three largest ports countrywide, Ho Chi Minh City seaport has had the highest throughput and productivity per annum of the country for years, assumed the role of the major port in the south, where cargos and containers come and go from all industrial parks in the southern region. Situated on what was the outskirts but is now the outskirts or suburbs of Ho Chi Minh City, it has however shown some drawbacks, i.e., expansion of the port is not an option regardless of the high throughput. Apart from the inadequate infrastructure, ports are facing another setback due to backward pricing. The rapid increase in number of ports also created a “race to the bottom” situation, where Vietnam ports have reduced their price to attract customers. The direct results are lower service quality and an inability to reinvest into port development. Therefore, the restructuring of Ho Chi Minh City seaport system has been launched since 2006 whereby the plan not only resolves the limited size, obsolete facilities and traffic issues, but also becomes more efficient as the new port complex is located conveniently among the region’s industrial parks and export processing zones of Ho Chi Minh City, Binh Duong, Dong Nai, and Ba Ria – Vung Tau. In line with this plan, the paper will mainly aim to provide the outstanding constraints which Ho Chi Minh City seaport system faced, including illogical distribution among ports/terminals regardless the scale, capacity and geographic locations; ineffective and insecured mooring and anchorage buoys; undeveloped logistic services centres and lack of connecting infrastructure. As so, the recommendations for single issue will be provided.

In this study, we offered a way that is to make warehouse industry clustered in Incheon port for getting competitive and high end value added activities like advanced port logistics center considering trend that is changing functions of port and importance of port-hinterland. For this, we studied the existing research about port cluster, the present condition of warehouse industry in Incheon port and importance of value-added logistics activities. Also, we offered needs to build a high value-added and integrated logistics center by examples of advanced port logistics center in Singapore, Netherlands(Rotterdam) and Hongkong. We get the questionnaires for gathering ideas of port logistics industry about to set integrated logistics centers by strategy we offered that is making warehouse logistics clustered.

중국은 1990년대부터 대외개방을 천명하고 외국자본을 유치하거나 선진기술을 도입하기 위하여 연해항만지역을 중심으로 보세구, 수출가공구, 보세물류원구 등 특별 경제구역을 설치하여 운영하고 있다. 그러나 중국은 WTO 가입한 이후 판세수준이 낮아져서 기존의 보세지역의 보세기능은 약화되고 있다. 이에 따라 청부는 보세항구를 특별구역으로 다시 지정하여 새로운 개념으로 성장시키고 있었다. 중국의 보세항구는 물류 가공 무역 등 기능을 통합 운영하여 보세물류의 구성 단위로서의 장점을 강화시키고 있다. 2005년에 중국정부는 보세항구로서의 상하이 양산항을 항만배후단지로 지정하여 운영하고 있다. 이어서 2010년까지 총 14 개 지역 의 보세항구를 지정하여 국제적인 환적 및 배송 그리고 중계무역 혹은 수출가공을 담당하는 고도의 대외개방 시범구역으로 육성시키고 있다. 중국 청도항만은 세계 허브항만이 되기 위해 2000년 7월 청도 전만 항만을 건설하고 개발했다. 전만항이 개발된 이후 아시아 허브항만의 경쟁이 더욱 치열해졌다. 싱가포르항, 한국부산항은 항만을 재개발하면서 항만경쟁력을 제고하여 최종 허브항만 경쟁에서 이기는 것을 도모하고 있다. 이런 배경에서 중국은 청도항의 개발을 시작했다. 2008년에 청도 보세항구를 설립하여 항만을 전면적으로 개발했다. 그러나 보세항구의 보세항구 제도 실시가 오래되지 않고 초기단계이어서 많은 문제점이 있다. 그리고 중국정부는 항만에 대한 연구가 부족하고 항만의 기능설치, 발전모델이 명확하지 않았다. 이로 인해서 중국 청도 보세항구를 개발하는 과정에 많은 어려움을 겪었다. 현재 청도보세항구는 발전이 잘 되지 않고 있는 실정이다. 이런 환경에서 청도보세항구는 해외선진구의 발전방안을 참조할 필요성이 제기된다. 선진항구의 발전방안을 참조하여서 자신의 발전시킬 수 있는 방안을 모색하여야 한다.

국내 최초로 대규모 항만재개발이 추진되고 있는 부산북항재개발 사업에서도 항만도시의 경쟁력을 위해 국가차원에서의 경관계획을 반영하고 있으며, 해양도시 이미지 개선 및 가치향상의 과정에서 고유의 자연, 역사, 문화적 자원과 함께 각종시설, 건축물, 상징물, 생태녹지대의 상황과 특성에 맞는 경관조성에 노력을 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 먼저 부산의 경관의 특성을 분석하고, 부산시도시디자인계획(2010), 특히 색채계획과 해외의 경관색채계획의 사례조사를 수행하였다. 이를 통해 부산북항재개발 사업에서 색채계획을 반영한 경관조성방안을 다루었으며, 그 결과는 향후 다른 재개발사업에서 기초자료로 활용 할 수 있으리라 판단된다.

This study evaluates how activation plans presented by previous research are perceived by employees in the ship supply industry by sample surveys. Another objective of this study is to also assist in the selection of effective activation plans. It is becoming more and more difficult for the Port of Busan to strengthen its competitiveness in the ship supply industry by maintaining the status quo. Much research extending the scope of research subjects in the port logistics industry indicates that the development of the port logistics industry is very important for creating new value for the Port of Busan. The results shows that improvement in the retail structure and government support had a significantly positive correlation between the importance and necessity of the ship supply industry activation.

Busan North port is facing crisis due to the opening of the New port. The North Port and NewPort are competing for a limited volume of cargoes and this competition is leading after all to price competition, lowering cargo work fee that may result in the failure of both This paper proposed the balanced development plans, which are the strategies of business tie-up and activation between the North Port and NewPort by introducing the strategy of "co-opetition" and the analysis for the success factor of co-opetition: to solve this operational problems on Busan port. It is found out that activation strategy is more successful co-opetition strategy than business tie-up strategy. The execution for the two co-opetition strategies will lead Busan Port to the balanced development as well as the enhanced competitiveness and will leap Busan port into global hub port as well.

글로벌 생산네트워크의 변화로 인해 우리나라 주요 항만은 새로운 전략의 수립이 요구되고 있다. 무역 패턴의 변화로 인해 중국, 일본, 한국을 포함한 아시아의 경제적 성장이 급속히 이루어지고 있는 상황에서 동북아에 집중되는 항만 물동량을 흡수하기 위해 우리나라 중심 항만들의 환적기능 강화가 필요한 시점이다. 특히 동북아 포트얼라이언스를 활용한 환적기능 강화는 변화하는 무역환경에서 우리 중심항만들이 경쟁력 확보를 위한 기회가 될 수 있을 것이다. 따라서, 본 연구의 목적은 부산항과 광양항 같은 우리나라 주요 항만들의 환적기능을 촉진하기 위한 포트얼라이언스 전략을 제안하고자 하는 것이다. 두 주요 항만의 물류비즈니스 모델 수립을 위해 동북아 포트얼라이언스의 방향과 중국과 일본의 후보 항만들을 제시하였다.

세계적으로 항만의 대형화, 첨단화, 효율화 등 항만환경의 변화가 급격하게 이루어지고 있으며, 선진항만들은 대륙별로 중심항만의 입지를 구축하기 위해 항만기술의 연구개발과 투자를 지속하고 있다. 항만의 대형화, 첨단화, 효율화에 대응하기 위해서는 지속적인 항만기술 개발이 필요하며, 이를 통해 자국 항만산업 발전과 더불어 세계 항만기술 관련 산업의 선점과 수출 극대화를 이를 수 있을 것이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 국내외 항만기술 개발의 현황과 추진정책을 살펴보고 항만기술 분야의 정립을 통해 국내 항만기술개발의 발전전략과 정책방향을 제시하고자 한다.

The maritime logistics environment including seaborne trade, shipping and ports is changing rapidly and continuously. Large containerships, mega carriers and global terminal operators try to achieve economies of scale and economies of scope. As a result of the changing environment, the competition between ports to achieve competitiveness is intensive. Port competition among China, Japan and Korea is becoming fiercer, both directly and indirectly, resulting from the increased trade in northeast Asia. Port development projects within each country stimulate more intensive port competition. As a result, overcapacity, fierce price competition and overlapping hinterland problems will be caused in the future. Co-operation for survival is considered as a strategy in order to solve anticipated problems caused by port competition Busan port, for instance, could co-operate with China and Japan as well as with other ports in Korea Terminal operators' expansion through investments including joint-ventures will make connections between ports smoother. At the port authority level, continuous cooperative interchange between countries is indispensable.

본 논문의 목적은 우리 항만이 동북아 거점항만으로 변신하는데 필요한 항만공급사슬전략을 도출하여 거점항만으로의 발전전략의 적합성을 분석하였다. 경쟁항만의 발전 잠재력을 충분히 고려하고 우리 항만의 시설·서비스수준의 미흡성을 하루속히 보완하는 유연한 항만 공급능력의 확보, 항만리드타임(접안시간, 양하역시간 등)의 최소화와 뭍류서비스를 극대화·다양화할 수 있는 모듈방식의 항만운영의 다양화가 필요함을 검증하였다. 특히, 거점항만 개발전략에서 다양한 부가서비스의 제공과 실질적인 부가가치를 창출할 수 있는 방향으로 항만배후부지 개발이 매우 중요한 것으로 나타나고 있다.

세계적으로 항만간 경쟁이 전방위로 전개되고 있는 가운데 우리나라를 비롯하여 아시아 각국은 자국 항만을 중심항만으로 육성하려고 대대적인 항만개발에 나서고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 아직까지 중심항 개발전략의 유효성에 대한 이론적 검토는 충분하지 못한 실정이다. 본 연구는 i) 대형항만에 물동량이 집중되는 항만집중화 현상이 일어나는가 ii) 과연 대형항만은 소형항만에 비해 물동량 증가속도가 빠른가를 검토함으로써 중심항만 개발전략에 대한 시사점을 도출해 보고자 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 허쉬만-허핀달지수를 적용하여 아시아 항만의 항만집중도를 분석하였고, 또한 글로벌 차원과 지역적 차원에서 컨테이너 항만규모와 성장간 실증분석을 시도하였다. 분석 결과, 항만집중도에 있어서 아시아 특히 동북아지역은 항만물동량의 분산화 경향이 강한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 항만규모와 성장간 관계의 경우 글로벌 차원에서는 대형항만일수록 물동랑 증가율이 소형항만에 비해 높게 나타난 반면, 아시아지역은 소형항만일수록 물동량 증가율이 높게 나타났다.

Recently, the role of container ports is radically changing, These changes are largely driven by the innovation process of Logistics such as Supply Chain Logistics and Global Logistics due to the international expansional of industry. Under this environment, It is required that the container port should act as a integral part of a Supply Logistics Chain especially to provide the customer-oriented logistics service. This paper deals with the development strategy of container ports coping with these changes in the view point of container ports as a Logistics infrastructure to provide customer-response services and necessary to the economic promotion of hinterlands. Strategy is suggested in the phases of the customers desire, the pattern of container cargo, the economic promotion of hinterlands, and interrelation of container ports in north-east Asia and also domestics through the analysis of competiveness of container ports.

Recently leading edge companies use the Supply Chain Management as a competitive weapon to secure and maintain customer loyalty. As a consequency they are concentrating resources on the company’s core business and employing strategic alliances with third-party providers to ensure the company provides its customers’desired logistics service levels at acceptable costs. Under this circumstances this paper surveys the third party logistics as a leading edge logistics industry coping with the progress of the supply chain management. The status and the type of the TPL including the Forwarder are analyzed in the view point of global logistics. Also the development strategy of third party logistics in the future is suggested.

The intensification of the competition among container terminals has led to important affect such as, decision making or aggressive intervention of customers for terminal operation. Therefore, in case of developed ports, the large transition of port operation is composed of the press of terminal customer than decision making of terminal manager. Overall port tariffs for using terminal is made out by the conference of terminal customers than the supreme headquarters of terminal operation, and the related investment of terminal has been made according to requisition or proposal of customers. Therefore, among decision making problems that shippers, shipping companies, and freight forwarder among decision making problems that shippers, shipping companies, and freight forwarder face, the choice of the container terminal is one of the most important problems. So, the decision making of the users seems to have a significant impact on the competitive power of container terminals. The main objective of this study is to design port marketing strategy for strengthening the competitive power of container terminals. The results of this study were found as follows: Firstly, port authority should establish user-oriented operation policy of terminal as the means of activating the opinion window, using terminal monitoring system(TMS). Secondly, terminal planning and development of government should be made to minimize the lead time, to induce the civil capital and to utilize the economies of scale. Thirdly, port authority needs to endeavor to analyze the information of competing foreign terminals as well to promote the concentrated marketing for the terminal on the users, to train the expert and to develop the new port charge system. Fourthly, to improve the competitive power of the container terminal, Port Authority should optimize the subsystems related to port marketing, far more these systems should be joined organically to work effectively. Finally, port authority system should be introduced, Namely, port should have the enterprise inclination as well s the public inclination.