This study aimed to suggest a suitable collar pattern by visually evaluating the appearance of the amount of collar drape by the starting position of the lapel line of a double-breasted tailored jacket using a 3d virtual fitting program. It created an avatar based on the mean size of women in their 20s (the 8th Size Korea) using clo network (double fastening: 10cm, collar width: 4.5cm, collar stand: 3cm, and lapel width: 8.5cm). The starting of the lapel twist line was waistline level, the 1/2 level of bustline and waistline, or bustline level, and collar laying amount was 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, or 7.5cm. It was evaluated by garment construction experts using 5, 6, and 4 items on the front, sides, and back, respectively. Descriptive statistics, F-test, Duncantest, and reliability analysis were conducted using SPSS 22. When collar laying amount was 6.5cm, it was best rated regardless of the starting point. Under waist line, when collar laying amount was 6.5cm, it was best rated regardless of the starting point. When collar laying amount was large, the collar’s outline length increased, resulting in unnecessary wrinkles from the neckline to the lapel, affecting the overall collar appearance. When collar laying amount was the smallest, the collar was lifted and the width was narrowed, exposing the seam connecting the collar and neckline. The length of the collar’s outline varied depending on collar laying amount, which was important to make the outline sit comfortably on the body.

Radioactive waste is classified into Intermediate level, low level, and very low potential based on the amount of radioactivity per unit gram, that is, the concentration limit. This method of classifying radioactivity per unit weight is not a problem if all packaged wastes are homogeneous. However, the reality is that not all waste is homogeneous. Relative hotspots may exist. Also, when several items are mixed, if one item has a relatively higher concentration than other items, it can become a relative hotspot. In Korea, even if all nuclides in a single radioactive waste package satisfy the low level concentration limit, if even one nuclide exceeds the concentration limit, the radioactive waste package becomes the intermediate level. In case of the United States, the US NRC provides regulations related to obtaining license as well as presents the technical position on the average waste concentration called Concentration Averaging and Encapsulation Branch Technical Position (CA BTP). CA BTP classifies waste into four types : Blendable Waste, Encapsulated items, Single Discrete Items, and Mixture of Discrete Items, and presents each approach to concentration averaging. In general, this is a method that suggests an acceptable ratio in case of the waste, which relatively high concentration waste is mixed. In order to apply this in Korea, we compare the classification standards for low and Intermediatelevel waste in Korea and the United States, related laws and backgrounds, and the application methods of CA BTP.

절화장미 삽목묘 대량생산 효율을 높이기 위해 국내 육성 절화장미 ‘엔틱컬’(Rosa hybrida ‘Antique Curl’)을 대상으로 생장 활력이 높은 단경삽목묘 주요 절위를 분석하였다. 화경으로부터 순서대로 5매엽 이상을 가진 마디 6개를 삽목(6 절위, Level 1~6)하여 온실과 생장환경조절실에서 각각 30일간 관리 하였다. 그 결과, 삽목 절위가 기부 쪽으로 내려갈수록 발근율과 액아 생장이 억제되었고, 삽수 잎의 황화 및 낙엽 현상이 조기에 나타났다. 잎의 탄수화물 함량은 발근과 신초발아율에 영향을 주지 않았다. 온실환경에서 1~3 절위, 생장환경조절실 에서 1~2 절위의 생장이 가장 우수하였고, 모두 4절위까지는 정상적인 생장을 보였다. 결과적으로 상업용 장미 시설 생산에서 대량삽목번식을 할 때 화경으로부터 5매엽을 가진 네번 째 마디(level 4)까지 가능할 것으로 확인되었다.

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), also known as Fused Deposition Modeling (FFF), is the most widely used type of 3D printing at the consumer level. The FDM 3D printer extracts thermoplastic filaments such as ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) and Polyactive Acid (PLA) through heated nozzles to dissolve the material. It works by applying layers of plastic to build platforms. Various demands for 3D printers increased, and among these demands, there was also a demand for various filament colors. ABS, one of the main filamentous materials for 3D printers, is easy to color in a variety of colors and has been studied to meet the needs of these users. Through quantitative measurements in this work, we confirm that color differences remain depending on the difference in placement on the 3D printer bad. In addition, the temperature of the specimen was measured at the start of 3D printing, during manufacturing, and at the completion of manufacturing, and the inner and central sides remained similar, but the outer sides were 5 degrees lower. These temperature differences accumulate as layers pile up, resulting in differences in weight or color, which in turn meet consumer and producer needs in the 3D printer industry.

In this study, the flow by impingement at water dust collector with movable nozzle was analyzed by computational fluid technique. The velocity and vorticity of the dust collector were compared by positioning the nozzle to up and down. Also, the mean velocity were compared through three specific locations that were the diffuser inlet, movable nozzle surface and dust collector outlet. It can be checked that the vorticity and velocity magnitude are verified by the fluid solver of Fluent. As the result of this study, the movable nozzle located at 4cm down from initial position of the nozzle shows the great characteristics of vorticity and velocity distribution for dust collection.

During the last quarter-century, globalisation processes affected changes in the world economy in the form of intensifying competition in the international and internal markets. The result is the creation of a global marketplace that is mostly indifferent to national borders and governmental influences. This development has generated widespread interest in competitiveness. Competitiveness affects international relations, especially nowadays, given the changing position of the global leaders and the growth of new economic powers such as China. China has come a long way and has the opportunity to be a global leader in several required fields that will be the cornerstones of global growth in the next decades. Led by China, emerging economies are increasing their share in the worldwide economy and intensifying competition in nearly all sectors. It creates new threats and challenges for players in the global economy, and growing competitiveness must be efficient. The article evaluates the Chinese competitiveness in comparison with the World Trade Organization members by the Data Envelopment Analysis in the pre-in-post crisis period and considering the Fourth Industrial Revolution shifting humanity into a new phase.

In the present study, sled analysis was conducted under the condition of 20g (20 times of gravitational acceleration) and 48 km/h of initial velocity, suggested by WC-19 to investigate the injuries of traffic minorities of tie-down type fixing inside a vehicle during crash. Also, four new parameters, which were related to angles between belts and wheelchair and their levels were limited by WC-19, were proposed and orthogonal array was prepared with different levels of each parameter. In the meantime, four parameters were optimised by minimising head injury criteria and chest acceleration of passengers in each case of the orthogonal array.

매우 빠르게 확장되어 가고 있는 지식산업사회, 안전사회 및 복지사회 등의 양태는 정부에게 그에 상응하는 공적 기능의 정교화를 요구하게 되었다. 그에 따라 정부가 수행하는 국가사무는 단순반복적인 것에서부터 고도의 과학기술 적인 사안에 이르기까지 비약적으로 다양화되었고 복잡하게 되었다. 정부는 국가사무를 한정된 예산 내에서 효율적으로 이행하기 위해 점차 민간에게 사무를 맡겨 처리하게 함으로써 행정의 간소화와 시민의 참여확대를 도모하게 되었다. 정부가 민간에게 국가사무를 맡기는 방식은 대한민국은 정부조직법상 민간위 탁이 상정되어 있으나 개별법상으로는 대행 등이 많이 활용되고 있다. 해상의 분야에 있어서는 주로 국제항행선박에 대해서 국제협약, 국내법령, 선급규칙 등 에 따라 감항성에 관한 규칙적합성 검사를 수행하는 선급법인과 같은 민간 선 박검사단체가 정부로부터 일정한 위탁유사의 관계를 맺고 국가사무에 참여하 고 있다. 이 글에서는 민간위탁제도가 가장 오랫동안 정립되어 왔고 국가사무 를 기능적으로 유형화하여 운용하고 있는 미국의 위탁제도를 살펴보고 그 제도 내 공인선박검사기관에 대한 규제가 어떻게 형성되어 있는지 살펴보고자 한다.

Separately from a single body, crash box is maufactured into the two alumnae by bonding adhesive. Crashbox has the property to absorb the shock by impact transferred to the car body at the collision between cars. In this study, the structural effect and performance are investigated according to the positions of holes punched at this crash box. The optimal structure is investigated for optimal design data of aluminum crash box. The equivalent stresses of study models distributed by compressive loads are compared with each other by using the analysis program of ANSYS. Total energies and mechanical strengths of study models at the real situation are also analyzed. As analysis results, the maximum equivalent stresses of 40880MPa, 42368MPa, 43176MPa, 44960MPa and 43476MPa are shown at study models due to the hole positions of 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, 25mm and 30mm from the upper plane of crash box respectively. Also, the total energy on analysis are verified within the error range of 10 % by comparing that on experiment at the hole position of 10mm. It is thought that the crash box due to the hole position from the upper plane of crash box can be effectively designed through this study result.

The GPS positioning method is widely used in the performance of forest tasks due to its convenient observation. But the result of GPS positioning without precise GPS measurements or DGPS method generally includes relatively large positioning errors. In case of mountainous regions, these positioning errors more increase because tree canopies or topographies interfere GPS satellite signals. Thus, observers have to consider how large positioning errors are included under the various observation condition in mountainous regions. In this study, we conducted a real-time GPS positioning experiment in the mountainous region with widely used three hand-held GPS measurements and a precise GPS measurement in Korea Forest Service. We observed the positioning data at various regions of topography and physiognomy. Finally, we analyzed the RMSE of each GPS positioning results under various mountain environments.

목 적: 본 연구는 허쉬버그검사와 교대프리즘가림검사에 의한 편위각을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 21세 이상~25세 이하(평균 23.14±1.25세) 대학생 22명을 대상으로 허쉬버그검사와 교대프리즘가림검사로 카파각과 전체 편위각을 측정하였다. 결 과: 근거리에서 교대프리즘가림검사에 의한 편위각은 좌,우안의 카파각과 매우 유의한 상관관계(r=0.755, r=0.730)를 나타냈으며 양성(+) 카파각 값들과의 관계에서는 관계식 y=3.954+0.063χ으로 양의 기울기 값이 측정되었다. 그리고 폭주근점과 조절력은 선형관계인 y=10.603-0.667χ의 관계식으로 음의 기울기 값과 높은 음의 연관성(r=-0.646, p=0.001)을 보였고, 통계적으로도 유의한 차이(t=14.973, p=0.000)가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 결 론: 카파각과 교대프리즘가림검사에 의한 편위각은 상관관계가 높았으며 편위를 진단하는 참고적인 자료로 활용이 가능하다.

전엽 후 10일이 경과하면 잎의 위치별 엽내 엽록소 함량에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았고, 전엽 후 10일이 경과 되지 않은 잎의 엽록소 함량은 전엽 경과일수가 적을수록 낮았다. 동일한 잎의 위치에서 전엽 후 경과일수에 따른 엽록소 함량의 경시적 변화는 전엽 직후에 2.56μg/ cm2에서 12일째에는 6.35μg/cm2까지 급격히 증가하고 이후 약 2개월간 완만한 증가 추세를 보였는데 엽록소 함량이 가장 높은 시기는 전엽 후 11주째로 9.03μg/cm2 이었다. 엽면적은 전엽 직후부터 전엽 후 10일까지 급속하게 증가하였으나 그 이후는 거의 변화가 없었다. 잎의 광합성률은 전엽 후 30일까지는 급격히 증가하여 전엽 30일 후에 13.8μmol/m−2/sec−1로 최대치를 보였으며, 이후에는 잎의 광합성능이 급격하게 떨어졌다. 전엽 후 1 주와 4주의 광도에 따른 광합성률은 두 시기 모두 PPFD 600μmol/m−2/sec−1까지는 PPFD가 증가할수록 광합성률이 급격히 증가하였으나 이후 PPFD 1,200μmol/m−2/sec−1 까지는 완만한 증가율을 보이다 그 이상에서는 변화를 보이지 않았다. 전엽 후 1주와 전엽 후 4주간에는 전엽 후 4주가 전엽 후 1주에 비해 PPFD 증가에 따른 광합성률이 높은 경향을 보였다. CO2 농도별 광합성률은 600ppm까지는 농도가 높을수록 광합성성률이 증가하였으나 그 이상의 농도에서는 변화가 없었다. 차광시간별 엽내 sucrose 함량은 1시간 까지는 차광처리구와 무처리 구간 차이를 보이지 않았으나 2시간부터는 차광처리에서 sucrose 함량이 감소하였다.

A three dimensional numerical analysis was performed to study the cooling performance of xEV battery module depending on cooling fluid inlet position. Depending on the inlet position from the top, case 1 (top inlet), case 2 (middle inlet), and case 3 (bottom inlet) are selected. For the case 1, the temperature of the battery near inlet was higher than that of the battery near outlet. For the case 2 and 3 the temperature of the battery near inlet was lower than that of the battery near outlet. From the analysis result, the cooling performance is higher in the order of case 2, case 3, and case 1.

PURPOSES: The purpose of study is to understand the characteristic of driving noise from the front and rear tire for effective active noise cancellation application. METHODS : As literature review, noise measurement methods were reviewed. Noise measurement conducted at three kind of section by road slope using CPX(Close Proximity Method). Noise data was compared by total sound pressure level and 1/3 octave band frequency sound pressure level. Also, each section was compared by T-test using SPSS. RESULTS : In the case of the uphill section, it was shown that the sound pressure level of the front tire at Sugwang-Ri and Sinchon-RI sections was higher than that of the rear tire in low and high frequency band. In the case of high slope section of Sangsaek-Ri, the sound pressure level of the front tire was higher than that of the rear tire in high frequency. Also, in the case of the downhill section, it was shown that the sound pressure level of the front tire at Sugwang-Ri and Sinchon-RI sections was higher than that of the rear tire in low frequency band. However, the sound pressure levels of both the front and rear tires were approximately the same in the high slope section of Sangsaek-Ri. The result of T-test showed that total sound pressures of the front and rear tires were not different from each other in the case of high slope and high speed. CONCLUSIONS: Road slope was not an important variable for effective active noise cancellation.

LED는 전기에너지를 빛에너지로 전환하는 효율이 높기 때문에 차세대 광원으로 주목되고 있다. 그러나 조명성능을 향상시키기 위해서는 접합부에서 발생된 열을 적절히 방출하여야 하며, 밀폐형의 경우 방열판으로 전달되는 열을 외부로 배출하는 최적의 설계가 필요하다. 이 연구에서는 LED 조명의 캐비넷 냉각시스템에 설치되는 냉각팬의 위치를 수치해석의 방법으로 고찰한 결과 y/H=0.8 근방이 최적의 위치였다.

This paper presents a statistical analysis method for the selection of electroencephalogram (EEG) electrode positions and spectral features to recognize emotion, where emotional valence and arousal are classified into three and two levels, respectively. T