Carbon black is a material in the form of fine black powder obtained by incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of hydrocarbons, and is composed of 90-99% carbon, and the rest is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. In the event of an emergency during the manufacture of carbon black, the generated tail gas should be safely discharged through an emergency line to prevent fire, explosion, and environmental pollution accidents caused by the tail gas. If the pressure continues to rise, the pressure control valve shall operate and the rupture plate shall be ruptured sequentially and the tail gas shall be discharged to the vent stack through the emergency line. As an emergency emission system, even if some untreated substances in the tail gas are released into the atmosphere, they are lighter than air, so it is safe to discharge them to a safe place through the Vent Stack. If the gas pressure is rising or worse, it is discharged from the Vent Stackine, and discharging fuel.

When aluminum is in an alkaline state, the aluminum oxide film surrounding aluminum is dissolved and moisture penetrates the exposed aluminum surface, causing corrosion of aluminum. At this time, hydrogen gas is generated and there is a risk of explosion due to the generated hydrogen gas. Aluminum radioactive waste is difficult to permanently dispose of because it does not meet the standards for the acquisition of low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste cave disposal facilities currently managed and operated by the Korea Nuclear Environment Corporation. However, because of this risk, it is necessary to study how to safely treat and dispose aluminum waste. In this study, overseas cases were investigated and analyzed to ensure the safety of aluminum waste disposal, and the current status of aluminum radioactive waste generated during decommissioning of the Korea Research Reactor 1&2 and a treatment plan to secure disposal suitability were presented. The process of removing a little remaining oxygen in molten steel during the reduction of iron oxide in the iron refining process is called deoxidation, and a representative material used for deoxidation is aluminum. In the case of metal melting decontamination, which is one of the decontamination processes of radioactive metal waste, a method of treating aluminum waste by using aluminum as a deoxidizer is proposed.

In order to solve the rapidly increasing domestic delivery volume and various problems in the recent metropolitan area, domestic researchers are conducting research on the development of “Urban Logistics System Using Underground Space” using existing urban railway facilities in the city. Safety analysis and scenario analysis should be performed for the safe system design of the new concept logistics system, but the scenario analysis techniques performed in previous studies so far do not have standards and are defined differently depending on the domain, subject, or purpose. In addition, it is necessary to improve the difficulty of clearly defining the control structure and the omission of UCA in the existing STPA safety analysis. In this study, an improved scenario table is proposed for the AGV horizontal transport device, which is a key equipment of an urban logistics system using underground space, and a process model is proposed by linking systematic STPA safety analysis and scenario analysis, and UCA and Control Structure Guidelines are provided to create a safety analysis.

Around the world, Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) have been operated since the 1950s and are used as a major power source. In Korea, Kori unit 1 stared commercial operation for the first time in 1978, and as of 2023, 25 units of NPPs are in operation. NPPs produce electricity for about 40 to 60 years after receiving an operating license, and after securing safety through a safety evaluation, the operating period is extended. NPPs that operate for a long time are systematically evaluated for safety at regular intervals through Periodic Safety Review (PSR) recommended by the IAEA. In Korea, PSR has been introduced and performed since 2000. This study reviewed the process of the PSR by comparing with the international PSR procedure. The PSR process is established through the IAEA SSG-25 document and proceeds in the order of establishment of basis document - individual factor evaluation - global assessment - integrated improvement plan. In Korea, PSR is carried out in a similar process, but there are some differences from the IAEA’s procedure. The safety factor review is conducted under the agreement of basis document between the licensee and the regulatory body, but the prior agreement procedure with the regulatory body is not reflected in Korea. As a result, if the licensee and the regulatory body have different opinions on the current licensing basis and the modern safety standards after the evaluation is performed, a difference may occur in the review results and safety enhancement items, which may lead to inefficient PSR progress. PSR is conducted for the continuous safe operation and management of NPPs, and it is important to refer to overseas standards and cases. Although procedures, guidelines, and regulatory requirements are in place in Korea, continuous review and improvement are required. It is necessary to improve procedures such as basis document and global assessment in order to more efficiently carry out PSR evaluation by regulatory agency and licensee’s safety enhancement actions of domestic NPPs

An objective of a safety assessment for geological disposal is to evaluate the radiological impact by radionuclides release from radioactive wastes. Computational estimation of all radionuclides transport in the disposal system, however, is not neccessary because some radionuclides has negligible effect on radiological doses. For this reason, prioritization of radionuclides list is preceded before the safety assessment. The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institue (KAERI) has assessed the long-term safety of a disposal system for spent nculear fuels. Currently, thirty eight radionuclides and twenty three elements are considered in the safety assessment activity of the KAERI. Nevertheless, a screening process for radionulides selection has not been articulated yet. In this study, we reviewed radionuclides selection process in forign countries to re-establish screening criteria for the KAERI’s radionuclides list. Screeing models of the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB), the Deparment of Eenrgy (US DOE), and the Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Istitute (JNC) were compared. We found that each country developed different screening model depending on scenarios of radionuclides release. Nonetheless, there were common properties that determines the importance of radionuclides. These properties for radionuclides include halflife, radiotoxicity (or specific activity), and mobility in underground medium. Based on the review results, we proposed radionuclides selection process to prioritize the importance of radionucldies in the KAERI safety assessment.

The latest issue is the smart factory. In order to implement this smart factory, the most fundamental element is to establish product specifications for factors affecting the product, obtain useful data to analyzed and predicted, and maintain safety. But most manufacturers have many errors. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to verify factors of product through statistical techniques and to study the process control and safety.

Industrial disasters cause lots of damages from individuals to companies and country. Especially, damages caused by constructional disasters take very large portion in the whole industry and are accompanied by huge personal·physical damages. For the prevention of disasters, roles of safety manager are very important and especially, effects of disaster prevention can be changed by occupational ability of construction safety manager. To improve job abilities of safety manager, job education is very important. This research suggested a model for job education management of construction safety manager and proposed improvements as a study on improvement of curriculum for vitalization of job education of construction safety manager so as to improve occupational ability of safety manager. To achieve them, this research examined standard and operation status of current job education of safety manager and the problems and suggested a model materializing job educational contents as a measure to vitalize job education system of safety manager.

As a result of frequent occurrence of serious industrial accidents due to chemical substances, Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency has been implementing the PSM system (process safety management) since 1996, and the target sites are required to submit process safety reports. In the semiconductor business, which is becoming smaller and more integrated as the technology advances, many of these hazardous chemicals are used. Most of the semiconductor sites are PSM target sites, and many devices are included in the PSM target equipment. This study optimizes the introduction and setup process of new equipments in the semiconductor workplace using harmful hazardous materials, and conducted an empirical study on the improvement of the safety risk, focusing on the S group semiconductor business, and applied the common standard of work under the PSM system This is an example of improving the risk of leakage of toxic gas components and waste of rework by arranging functions and risks in the space centering method

The train-centric control systems development has some distinct points in that a big size of government budget is in general expended in there and the development duration seems to be long. In addition, the changes are ever made continuously in the capability and operational requirements for Trains. Thus, the impact of the potential changes in the required operational capability on the development activities can induce some type of project risks [7]. As such, proper management of project risk has been one of crucial subjects in the train systems development. All these notes combined together make it the significance of the safety management process be raised further up in the train-centric control systems development. As such, the underlying safety management process should be capable of appropriately handling the potential risks that can be created due to the unexpected changes and the long-term development period. The process should also be complemented for the safety consideration of train-centric control systems, for instance, stop. To study these aspect is the objective of the paper. To do so, a step-by-step approach to analyzing the safety management process is first presented. Then, to enhance the process some necessary and useful activities are added in terms of risk and safety management. Then, to pursue some enhancement on the process, a set of necessary and useful activities are added in terms of risk and safety management. The resultant process is further analyzed and tailored using a design structure matrix method. The resultant process is applied in a train-centric control development as a case study.

The main point of this study is to find out duplicates and differences among various regulations from different organizations. Also, it focuses on creating a reasonably unified regulation system to standardize safety & environment management. In this study, I analyzed the commonalities and the differences of two systems which are typical korean Process Safety Management System and off-site Consequence Analysis. It is confirmed that there are 25 species of overlapped material of those two systems and assessment like handling material information, facilities lists, hazardous substances and list of machine power. Process safety report focuses on onsite workers and facility protect. On the other hand, off-site Consequence Analysis focuses on design, arrangement and management of handling facility from off-site influence. I found difference two system of Enforcement purposes and way. Contradiction of Harmful information of Chemicals Control Act and occupation safety and health acts from same material. To be specific, There are no unit rule of occupation safety and health acts. so it permit inch, psi etc. But Chemicals Control Act provides that m, Mpa units. Therefore, Each regulatory duplication of items for chemicals management, standardization is writing so that you can coordinate overlapping items in the measures the need to be presented.

Purpose: This study was tried to identify the effects of simulation program by applying hazard perception training on self-efficacy of patient safety, error recovery and problemsolving process in nursing students. Methods: A nonequivalent control group designed was used. The study was composed of hazard perception training and simulation program. Sixteen teams of a total of 61 nursing students participated in the simulation program using a high fidelity simulator. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, χ2-test and t-test using PASW 18.0 program. Result: There were statistically signigicant in self-efficacy of patient safety(t=2.55, p=.013), error recovery(t=2.82, p=.007), and problem-solving process(t=3.29, p=.002) in the experimental group. Conclusion: These results indicate that the simulation program by applying hazard perception training is effective in improving self-efficacy of patient safety, error recovery and problem-solving process for nursing students. Further study is recommended to confirm the long-term effects of the simulation program by applying hazard perception training.

본 연구는 국내 식품안전보건지표의 개발과정을 정립하기위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 국내 식품안전보건지표의 개발과정을 제안하고, 제안된 과정에 대해 시뮬레이션을 함으로서 타당성 검사를 실시하고, 개발된 지표의 활용방안을 제시하였다. 국내 식품안전보건지표 개발과정은 국내환경보건지표 개발과정을 주로 참고하여 설계되었으며, DPSEEA 모형을 적용하였다. 제안된 식품안전보건지표를 개발과정은 크게 개발단계와 운용단계로 나뉜다. 개발단계는 초기지표 제안, 후보지표 선정, 자료 현황 조사, 실행가능성 평가, 파일럿 스터디, 최종 지표 선정의 6단계로 구성되며, 운용단계는 주기적인 지표의 산출과 공표로 구성된다. 개발의 6개 단계는 전반적인 식품안전보건지표 개발을 총괄하는 Task Force팀과 각 개발 단계에서 제안된 지표를 검토 및 평가하는 자문위원회(최소 학계 4명, 연구계 2명, 식약처 관련부서 전문가 4명)의 단계적 역할분배를 통해 운영되도록 하였다. 제안된 과정의 타당성검토를 위해 시뮬레이션을 시행한 결과 제안된 45개의 초기지표중 최종적으로 4개의 지표(세부지표 17개)가 선정되었다: ‘국산 과일·채소류 내 잔류농약/제초제 잔류랑 적합판정비율’, ‘식품매개질환사고(outbreak) 발생 수’, ‘식품매개(food-borne) 법정전염병의 발생률’, ‘살모넬라 식중독(Salmonellosis) 발생률’. 선정된 지표는 지수화를 통해 효과적으로 활용될 수 있다. 2010~2012년의 지표를 토대로 비율차를 적용한 통합식품안전보건지수를 산출한 결과 2010년 대비 2011년, 2011년 대비 2012년의 통합식품안전 보건지수로 10.37과 9.87이 산출되었다. 이는 식품안전보건상태가 2010년에 비하여 2011년에 10.37%, 2011년에 비해 2012년에 9.87% 호전되었음을 의미한다. 또한, 개별지표의 변화를 살펴봄으로서 변화율에 기여도가 큰 지표를 파악할 수 있으며, 통합식품안전보건지수를 도식화함으로서 대중과 정책입안자의 이해를 높일 수 있다. 이와 같이 식품안전보건지표는 다방면으로 효율적으로 활용될 수 있기 때문에 앞으로 더욱 큰 관심과 함께 법안의 제정과 활발한 연구가 필요하다.

System is the organization of hardware, software, personnel and facilities needed to perform a designated function within a stated environment with specified results. The trend of modern systems is getting more complex and larger. The system is necessary for modern society but the minor malfunction of the system can result the enormous human and material losses. Recently it is being heightened the concern for system safety and required to be built and applied Safety Engineering standard Guideline for safety of complex and large-sized system. This paper describes the System Engineering Process model integrated with Safety Engineering and the establishment of standard safety guidelines for safety of product development using DMADOV Methodology of the Lean 6 Sigma.

The weapon systems development has some distinct characteristics in that a big size of government budget (derived from national tax) has been expended frequently and the completion of the development projects seems to take long. Thus, the impact of the potential changes in the required operational capability on the development activities can induce some type of project risks. As such, proper management of project risk has been one of crucial subjects in the weapon systems development. Although a variety of methods can be considered, an approach based on the test and evaluation (T&E) process has been selected in this paper in order to appropriately handle those potential risks. In the study of the underlying T&E process, the safety consideration (for instance, explosiveness) of weapon systems is also included. To achieve the objective of the paper, a step-by-step procedure is first presented in the analysis of the T&E process. Then, to pursue some enhancement on the process, a set of necessary and useful activities are added in terms of risk and safety management. The resultant process is further analyzed and tailored based on a design structure matrix method. The case study of a tank development is also discusse