Sorghum-Sudangrass hybrids (SSH) is a grass cereal hybrid crop with a high yield potential under different climatic conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth characteristics, dry matter yield and nutrient content of the SSH cultivars such as Dairy Mens Dream, Superdan and Supergreen from 2021 to 2023 in Jeju Island, Korea. Among the three cultivars, Superdan grew significantly taller with a larger stem diameter at both harvest times. In contrast, Dairy Mens Dream had least height and less stem diameter, but the dry matter yield was greater for Dairy Mens Dream than other cultivars. Furthermore, the crude protein content at the first cut was higher than 8.5% compared to the second cut (6.5 – 7.0%). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content was higher in the second harvest of all cultivars compared to the first harvest of SSH in 2021. The SSH cultivation in 2021 and 2023 had higher ADF and NDF content than in 2022, possibly due to the average precipitation and optimum temperature suitable for SSH production in 2021 and 2023. The selected three SSH cultivars showed significant growth characteristics, dry matter content, and nutritional value. The overall data suggested that all three SSH showed significant productivity and nutritional content in the Jeju region of sub-tropical climatic condition.

본 연구는 우리나라에서 수수-수단그라스 교잡종 (sorghum bicolor L.: SSH)에 대해 극단기상과 정상기상 간 생산량을 비교할 목적으로 수행하였다. SSH 데이터 (n=1,025)는 농촌진흥청의 신품종 적응성 실험보고서(1979 ―2019)로부터 수집하였다. 기상자료는 기상청으로부터 평균기온, 최저기온, 최고기온, 최대 강수량, 누적 강수량, 최대풍속, 평균풍속 및 일조시간을 10일 기준으로 계산하 여 수집하였다. 극단기상과 정상기상 간 구별을 위해 상 자 그림을 이용하여 탐색하였다. 극단기상과 정상기상 간 생산량 차이는 5% 유의수준 하에서 t-검정 및 ANOVA를 통해 확인하였다. 그 결과, 극단기상은 극단적으로 강한 바람을 동반한 봄 가뭄, 극단적으로 높은 강우량을 기록 하는 여름장마와 가을장마가 두드러졌다. 예측 생산량 피 해(kg/ha)는 각각 1,961―6,541, 2,161―4,526 및 508― 5,582로 나타났다. 본 연구는 우리나라의 SSH에 대한 취 약성 및 피해 산정에 도움이 되는 기초자료로서 극단기상 과 정상기상 사이의 생산량 차이를 확인하는 데 의의가 있다.

This experiment was conducted to confirm the possibility of preparing Sorghum×sudangrass hybrid artificial hay using far-infrared rays in Korea. The machine used in this experiment is a drying device based on far-infrared rays, and is designed to control temperature, air flow rate, far-infrared radiation amount, and air flow speed. The Sorghum×sudangrass hybrids harvested in late September were wilted in the field for one day, and a drying test was performed on them. Conditions for drying were performed by selecting a total of 7 conditions, and each condition induced a change in radiation amount in a single condition (42%) and two steps (4 treatments) and three steps (2 treatments). The speed of the air flow in the device was fixed at 60 m/s, and the run time was changed to 30, 60, and 90 minutes. The average dry matter (DM) content was 82.84%. The DM content was 59.94 and 76.91%, respectively, in drying conditions 1 and 3, which were not suitable for hay. In terms of drying rate, it was significantly higher than 80% in the 5, 6 and 7 treatment, and power consumption was slightly high with an average of 5.7 kw/h. As for the feed value according to each drying condition, the crude protein (CP) content increased as the drying time increased, and there was no significant difference between treatments in ADF, NDF, IVDMD and TDN content. In terms of RFV, treatment 1, which is a single condition, was significantly lower than the complex condition. Through the above results, it was determined that the drying conditions 4 and 5 were the most advantageous when considering the drying speed, power consumption, and quality.

Intercropping cereals with legumes is known to improve forage production and crude protein yield. Sorghum × sudangrass hybrids (SSH) have excellent dry matter content and high cultivation temperatures. In this study, we investigated the growth characteristics, forage productivity, and feed value of intercropping SSH with different legumes in rice paddy fields. We used five treatments in this study SSH monocropping and four intercropping treatments of SSH with, lablab, cowpea, sesbania, and two cultivars of soybean (Chookdu 1 and 2). SSH plant height was not significantly different between the monocropping and intercropping treatments. However, the plant heights of lablab, cowpea, and sesbania were significantly higher than those of the two soybean cultivars. The total dry matter yield (kg/ha) was significantly higher in SSH monocropping than in intercropping; among the intercropping treatments, the one with SSH and Chookdu 2 yielded the highest total dry matter yield. The SSH feed value was significantly different between the monocropping and intercropping treatments, although there were no differences between the intercropping treatments. Among the intercropped legumes, lablab showed the highest neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents, and cowpea had the highest crude protein content. These results reveal that intercropping SSH with legumes in paddy fields could be a promising cultivation technique to maintain stable forage productivity.

This study aimed to determine the trend in dry matter yield (DMY) of a new sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (SSH) in the central inland regions of Korea. The metadata (n=388) were collected from various reports of the experiments examining the adaptability of this new variety conducted by the Rural Development Administration (1988–2013). To determine the trend, the parameters of autoregressive (AR) and moving average (MA) were estimated from correlogram of Autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial ACF (PACF) using time series modeling. The results showed that the trend increased slightly year by year. Furthermore, ARIMA (1, 1, 0) was found to be the optimal model to describe the historical trend. This means that the trend in the DMY of the SSH was associated with changes over the past two years but not with changes from three years ago. Although climatic variables, such as temperature, precipitation, and sunshine were also considered as environmental factors for the annual trends, no clear association was observed between DMY and climates. Therefore, more precise processing and detailed definition of climate considering specific growth stages are required to validate this association. In particular, research on the impact of heavy rainfall and typhoons, which are expected to cause damage in the short term, on DMY trends is ongoing, and the model confirmed in this study is expected to play an important role in studying this aspect. Furthermore, we plan to add the environmental factors such as soil and cultivation management as well as climate to our future studies.

Sorghum×sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, SSH) is one of the most important summer forage crop and it is widely used for silage in Korea. Agriculture is highly dependent on the climate condition and experiencing significant loss of productivity due to climate change. This study was conducted to investigate the correlation analysis between productivity of forage SSH and climatic factors in Central Northern region of South Korea for 3 years (2017 to 2019). Plant height and dry matter yield of SSH were significantly higher in Gyeonggi-do than Ganwon-do. The productivity of SSH is more closely related with temperature than other climatic factors. Maximum temperature and Growing degree days in May and June showed a positive correlation. However, correlation between production of SSH and precipitation was not clear in this study, but rainy days showed a negative correlation (0.42). In conclusion, temperature is most important climatic factor to the maintenance of plant yield.

The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of discrimination 12 different cultivar of sorghum × sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum genus) seed through near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The amount of samples for develop to the best discriminant equation was 360. Whole samples were applied different three spectra range (visible, NIR and full range) within 680-2500 nm wavelength and the spectrastar 2500 Near near infrared was used to measure spectra. The calibration equation for discriminant analysis was developed partial least square (PLS) regression and discrimination equation (DE) analysis. The PLS discriminant analysis model for three spectra range developed with mathematic pretreatment 1,8,8,1 successfully discriminated 12 different sorghum genus. External validation indicated that all samples were discriminated correctly. The whole discriminant accuracy shown 82 ~ 100 % in NIR full range spectra. The results demonstrated the usefulness of NIRS combined with chemometrics as a rapid method for discrimination of sorghum × sudangrass hybrid cultivar through seed.

본 연구는 수수 × 수단그라스 바이오에탄올 생산을 위한 적정 수확 시기 및 수확 후 재생과정에서 요구되는 적정 질소 시비 수준을 파악하기 위해 수행되었다. 포장 실험은 2017부터 2018년까지 실시했으며, 시험구 배치는 난괴법(RCBD)으로 여름 수확 후 질소 추비 수준을 달리하여(0, 50, 100, 150 kg N/ha; 0N, 50N, 100N, 150N) 처리하였다. 재생과정에서 canopy height은 2017년 여름 수확 후(DAT, day after summer harvest treatment) DAT23에서 DAT48로 경과함에 따라 약 3.0배, 2018년 DAT26에서 DAT48로 경과함에 따라 약 2.9배 신장하였다. 엽록소 함량은 재생과정 초기 질소 무처리구와 질소처리구간 유의한 차이가 나타났으나, DAT48 이후 처리 간 차이는 없었다. 여름 수확은 2017년 파종 후 61일 뒤, 2018년 파종 후 83일 뒤 각각 이루어졌으며 건물수량은 8.6Mg/ha, 11.0Mg/ha로 차이를 보였다. 생육시기별 2차 수확의 건물수량은 2017년의 경우 생육이 진전됨에 따라 꾸준히 증가하였으며, 2018년에는 DAT76까지 증가하였다. 2017년 DAT107에서 무처리구(9.0Mg/ha)에 비해 질소 처리구(12.3Mg/ha)에서 1.4배 높았으며, 무처리의 수량이 낮았던 2018년 DAT113에서는 무처리구(2.3Mg/ha)에 비해 질소 처리구 (5.6Mg/ha)로 2.5배 높았다. 수확물의 바이오에탄올 품질을 나타내는 바이오에탄올 수율(TEP)는 생육 후기 cellulose와 hemicellulose 비율 감소로 일부 줄어들었으나, 전체적인 TEP변화는 생육시기나 추비수준과 관계없이 5% 이내로 큰 차이는 없었다. 총 바이오에탄올 수량(total TEY)은 2017년 DAT107에서 7,944L/ha, 2018년 DAT76에서 7,163L/ha로 추정되었다. 따라서 TEY를 높이려면 수확물의 단위면적당 건물중을 증가시키는 재배방법이 필요하다. 여름 수확 후 충분한 재생을 위해서 필요한 질소 추비 수준은 100kg N/ha 이상이었으며, 2차 수확은 여름 수확 실시 후 2개월 이상 경과 한 이후 실시해야 한다.

This study was carried out to investigate the growth characteristics, yield and feed value of Sorghum×Sudangrass hybrid for silage according to the drainage depths in the paddy field of lowland. The experimental design was arranged in a randomized block design with four treatments and three replication. The drainage depths of four treatments were 0cm, 20cm, 40cm and 60cm, respectively. Plant length, leaf length and leaf number were not significantly different, but leaf width increased as the higher the drainage depth(p<0.05). The number of dead leaf was higher in the order of 60cm > 0cm ≥ 40cm ≥ 20cm treatment(p<0.05). Green degree was higher in the order of 20cm > 40cm > 0cm > 60cm treatment(p<0.05). Stem diameter and stem hardness increased significantly as drainage depth increased from 0cm to 60cm(p<0.05). Also, fresh yield, dry matter yield and TDN yield increased as the higher the drainage depth(p<0.05). Crude protein and TDN content were the highest in 40cm treatment(p<0.05). Crude ash was higher in the order of 20cm > 40cm > 0cm > 60cm treatment(p<0.05). ADF and NDF content were the highest in 0cm treatment(p<0.05). Total mineral content was higher in the order of 20cm > 0cm > 40cm > 60cm(p<0.05). Free sugar content(fructose, glucose and sucrose) was the highest in 0cm treatment(p<0.05). Total amino acid(EAA+NEAA) was higher in 40cm than the other treatments(p<0.05). There is a difference in the content of ingredients(crude protein, TDN, mineral, free sugar and amino acid) according to the treatments. But considering dry matter yield and TDN yield, Sorghum×Sudangrass hybrid cultivation is advantageous to set the drainage depth of about 60cm in the paddy field of lowland.

This study was carried out to introduce of agronomic characteristics, forage yields and quality of Sorghum × Sudangrass hybrids ‘Cadan 99B’ and ‘Sweet Sioux WMR’ from 2015 to 2016 in middle and southern regions of Korea. The field experiment design was complete in seven varieties with three repetitions. Sorghum × Sudangrass hybrids were sown on mid-May in middle region, and end-May in southern region of Korea, in 2015 and 2016. The observed average heading date of Cadan 99B and Sweet Sioux WMR were July 22. The heading dates of Cadan 99B and Sweet Sioux WMR were 8 days earlier than SX-17 and 5 days earlier than brown mid-rid (BMR) Revolution. The sugar contents of Cadan 99B and Sweet Sioux WMR were 6.5 and 6.9 Brix°, respectively. Comparison with BMR variety, the sugar contents of Candan 99B and Sweet Sioux WMR were 0.2 and 0.6 Brix° higher than Revolution, respectively. The average of dry matter (DM) yield for 2 years and 2 regions of Cadan 99B (24,587kg/ha) were the highest among the seven varieties, but there was no significant difference among other varieties except headless control variety Jumbo (19,119kg/ha) and LATTE (20,778kg/ha) (p>0.05). The crude protein (CP) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of Cadan 99B were 7.5% and 60.2%, and Sweet Sioux WMR were 6.9% and 60.7%, respectively. The results of this study indicated that Sorghum × Sudangrass hybrids Cadan 99B and Sweet Sioux WMR are earlier heading dates and higher than SX-17, and high yields of DM in middle and southern regions of Korea.

This experiment was carried out to compare the growth characteristics and productivity between sudangrass and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid under the same cultivation condition in Cheonan and Kimje of Korea from 2010 to 2011. Sudangrass hybrids(Choice, Sunstar and Piper) and sorghum-sudangrass hybrids(SX-17, Jumbo and Revolution) were planted 5th May in Cheonan and 7th May in Kimje. Heading date of sudangrass hybrids was 12th July which was about 2 week fast more than that of sorghum-sudangrass hybrids. Stem diameter of sudangrass hybrids was about 6mm which was about 5 mm smaller than that of sorghum-sudangrass hybrids. Disease resistance of sudangrass hybrid, “Choice” was similar to that of sorghum-sudangrass hybrids. Dry matter yield of “Choice” was 15ton/ha which was 10% less than that for sorghum-sudangrass hybrids(SX-17). Feed value of “Choice” was similar or slightly lower than that of sorghum-sudangrass. For increasing the productivity in forage cropping systems all around year, sudangrass hybrid is recommended for prolong by the middle ten day of May in the harvesting time of italian ryegrass

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer management is one of the important aspects of economic production of sorghums in sustainable agriculture. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of different N application rates and its split N application methods on productivity, growth characteristics, N accumulation, N use efficiency (NUE), and feed value of Sorghum × Sudangrass hybrids. Treatments consisted of five N application rates (0, 150, 200, 250, and 300 kg ha-1) and two split N application methods (40% in basal N, 30% at the growing stage, and 30% after the first harvest vs. 50% in basal N and 50% after the first harvest). Plant height, leaf width, and stem diameter were increased (p≤0.05) with increasing N fertility rates at each harvest. Chlorophyll content (expressed as SPAD values) was the highest at a rate of 300 kg N ha 1 (first harvest, 46.32; second harvest, 33.09). It was the lowest at zero N (first harvest, 21.56; second harvest, 18.5). Total N, N uptake, and NUE were increased with higher N rates. Split N application had little effect on total N, amount of N uptake, or NUE. Total dry matter yields were the highest (21,715 kg ha-1) at a rate of 300 kg N ha-1. It was the lowest (10,054 kg ha-1) at zero N. Our results suggest that more than 300 kg N ha-1 can improve dry matter yield to be above 116% compared to zero N, thus enhancing the agronomic characters of sorghums. However, no significant effect had been found for split N application. Further work is needed to determine the optimal N levels and the effect of split N application rates.

본 연구는 당근 재배지에서 녹비작물의 토양환원 효과를 구명하기 위해 수단그라스 및 크로타라리아 의 토양환원이 당근의 생육, 수량 및 품질향상에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 당근 재배를 위한 처리조 건은 무처리구, NPK처리구(N-P2O5-K2O= 20-9.6-12.2kg 10a-1), 크로타라리아(파종량 6kg 10a-1), 수단그라스(파종량 6kg 10a-1) 및 수단글라스 + 크로타라리아(파종량 3+3kg 10a-1)의 5개 처리구로 시 험하였다. 당근재배지에서 전작물로 재배된 녹비작물의 질소(N), 인(P2O5), 칼륨(K2O), 칼슘(CaO) 및 마그네슘(MgO) 공급량은 크로타라리아의 경우 각각 9.2, 9.8, 7.4, 12.9 및 2.5kg 10a-1이었고, 수단그 라스의 경우 각각 8.7, 8.9, 45.7, 5.2 및 2.8kg 10a-1이었으며, 혼합처리구(수단그라스 + 크로타라리 아)의 경우 각각 8.8, 9.9, 29.5, 2.6 및 1.7kg 10a-1이었다. 당근 재배지에서 녹비작물의 토양환원 후 토양의 이화학적 특성을 조사한 결과 녹비작물 처리구가 대조구에 비해 용적밀도는 약간 감소하였으며, 공극율은 용적밀도와는 달리 약간 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 토양내 유기물, T-N 및 유효 P2O5 함량은 녹비작물 처리구가 전반적으로 대조구에 비해 증가하였다. 당근의 품질을 나타내는 클로로필, 당도 및 β-카로티노이드 함량은 모두 크로타라리아 처리구에서 가장 높았으며, 대조구에서 가장 낮은 함량을 보였다. 당근의 장해율은 녹비작물 처리구가 대조구에 비해 감소하는 경향이었고, 당근의 상품수량은 크로타라리아 + 수단그라스 혼합처리구(3,530kg 10a-1)가 대조구(2,101kg 10a-1)에 비해 68%의 증수효 과를 보였다. 따라서 당근 재배지에서 수단그라스 + 크로타라리아 혼합처리는 화학비료의 절감효과가 있으며, 특히 토양환원 후 토양의 물리성 및 화학성을 개선함으로써 당근의 상품수량 및 품질향상을 증 대시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

This study was conducted to assess the potential of using NIRS to accurately determine the chemical composition and fermentation parameters in fresh coarse sorghum and sudangrass silage. Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) has been increasingly used as a rapid and accurate method to analyze the quality of cereals and dried animal forage. However, silage analysis by NIRS has a limitation in analyzing dried and ground samples in farm-scale applications because the fermentative products are lost during the drying process. Fresh coarse silage samples were scanned at 1 nm intervals over the wavelength range of 680~2500 nm, and the optical data were obtained as log 1/Reflectance (log 1/R). The spectral data were regressed, using partial least squares (PLS) multivariate analysis in conjunction with first and second order derivatization, with a scatter correction procedure (standard normal variate and detrend (SNV&D)) to reduce the effect of extraneous noise. The optimum calibrations were selected on the basis of minimizing the standard error of cross validation (SECV). The results of this study showed that NIRS predicted the chemical constituents with a high degree of accuracy (i.e. the correlation coefficient of cross validation (R²cv) ranged from 0.86~0.96), except for crude ash which had an R² cv of 0.68. Comparison of the mathematical treatments for raw spectra showed that the second-order derivatization procedure produced the best result for all the treatments, except for neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The best mathematical treatment for moisture, acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP) and pH was 2,16,16 respectively while the best mathematical treatment for crude ash, lactic acid and total acid was 2,8,8 respectively. The calibrations of fermentation products produced poorer calibrations (RPD < 2.5) with acetic and butyric acid. The pH, lactic acid and total acids were predicted with considerable accuracy at R²cv 0.72~0.77. This study indicated that NIRS calibrations based on fresh coarse sorghum and sudangrass silage spectra have the capability of assessing the forage quality control

본 시험은 새로운 여름 사료작물인 케나프(kenaf; Hibiscus dannabinus L.)의 생육특성, 수량성 및 품질을 다른 사료작물과 비교할 목적으로 2013년부터 2014년까지 2년간에 걸쳐 축산과학원 축산자원개발부 초지사료과 내의 시험포장에서 수행하였다. 중부지역에서 케나프(홍마 300), 옥수수(광평옥) 및 수수×수단그라스(점보)의 생육특성 및 품질을 비교한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 당도는 홍마 300이 5.4 Brix°로 광평옥보다 1Brix°, 점보보다 2.9 Brix° 높았다. 출현율과 도복은 세 작물 모두 각각 80% 이상, 1.5 이상으로 양호하게 나타났다. 생초수량은 점보가 홍마 300보다 12% 높았으며, 건물중은 홍마 300이 제 작물 중 유의성 있게 가장 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 하지만, TDN 수량은 홍마 300이 광평옥보다 13% 유의성 있게 낮았다(p<0.05). ADF 및 NDF 함량은 홍마 300이 57.8%, 69.5%로 가장 높았으며 TDN 함량 및 건물소화율은 43.3% 및 44.4%로 가장 낮았다. 따라서 본 연구결과를 토대로 볼 때 케나프인 홍마 300은 건물수량은 높지만 사료 품질에서 광평옥 및 점보보다 많이 낮았다. 그 결과 TDN 수량성은 광평옥보다 13% 낮은 결과를 얻었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 새로운 사료작물인 케나프는 단위면적당 생초 및 건물수확량은 옥수수보다 높지만, 건물소화율 및 TDN 함량이 낮아 TDN 수량은 옥수수보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 홍마 300은 높은 수량성을 가지고 있지만 낮은 사료가치를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

본 시험은 사료용 수수×수단그라스 교잡종의 파종방법 및 제초제 종류에 따른 약해 및 생산성을 비교하여 안전 재배기술을 개발하고자 국립축산과학원 초지사료과 시험포 장에서 수행하였다. 제초제 종류별 수수×수단그라스 교잡종의 in vitro 조건 에서 발아율 분석결과 control > simazine > methaventhiazuron > alachlor 순으로 나타났으며 alachlor 처리시 shoot의 길이 는 1~1.3 cm 범위로 무처리 4.37 cm와 비교했을 때 약 1/4 배 정도로 짧은 것으로 나타났으며 root는 발생되지 않은 것으로 보아 alachlor는 shoot 보다 root에 약해를 더 심하 게 주는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 포장시험에서 제초제 종류에 따른 약해는 in vitro 시험과 마찬가지로 alachlor에서 가장 심하게 나타났으며 파종 방법에서는 조파가 약해를 더 적게 받는 것으로 나타났다. 잔주수의 경우 alachlor와 simazine + alachlor에서 적었으며 제초제 처리시 파종방법에 따라 조파의 경우보다 산파에서 alachlor와 simazine + alachlor 처리에 따른 잔주수 감소가 더 크게 나타났다. 건물수량의 경우 제초제 종류별로 보면 조파의 경우 simazine과 methabenzthiazuron에서 각각 무처 리 대비 101%와 99%의 수량을 보였고 alachlor와 simazine + alachlor에서는 각각 무처리 대비 32%와 56%였다. 산파 의 경우 simazine과 methabenzthiazuron에서 각각 무처리 대 비 89%와 84%의 수량을 보였고 alachlor와 simazine + alachlor에서는 각각 무처리 대비 13%와 29%로 나타났으 며, alachlor 보다 simazine과 methabenzthiazuron이 건물수 량 감소가 적었으며 제초제 처리시 산파보다 조파가 alachlor에 대한 약해를 덜 받는 것으로 나타났다. TDN 수 량 역시 건물수량과 비슷한 경향을 보였으며 alachlor와 simazine + alachlor 모두에서 TDN 수량이 가장 낮게 나왔 으며 제초제 처리시 산파보다는 조파의 경우가 제초제 시 용에 따른 수량감소가 적은 것으로 나타났다.

본 시험은 사료용 수수×수단그라스 교잡종의 파종방법 및 제초제 종류에 따른 약해 및 생산성을 비교하여 안전 재배기술을 개발하고자 국립축산과학원 초지사료과 시험포장에서 수행하였다. 제초제 종류별 수수×수단그라스 교잡종의 in vitro 조건에서 발아율 분석결과 control > simazine > methaventhiazuron > alachlor 순으로 나타났으며 alachlor 처리시 shoot의 길이는 1~1.3 cm 범위로 무처리 4.37 cm와 비교했을 때 약 1/4배 정도로 짧은 것으로 나타났으며 root는 발생되지 않은 것으로 보아 alachlor는 shoot 보다 root에 약해를 더 심하게 주는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 포장시험에서 제초제 종류에 따른 약해는 in vitro 시험과 마찬가지로 alachlor에서 가장 심하게 나타났으며 파종방법에서는 조파가 약해를 더 적게 받는 것으로 나타났다. 잔주수의 경우 alachlor와 simazine + alachlor에서 적었으며 제초제 처리시 파종방법에 따라 조파의 경우보다 산파에서 alachlor와 simazine + alachlor 처리에 따른 잔주수 감소가 더 크게 나타났다. 건물수량의 경우 제초제 종류별로 보면 조파의 경우 simazine과 methabenzthiazuron에서 각각 무처리 대비 101%와 99%의 수량을 보였고 alachlor와 simazine + alachlor에서는 각각 무처리 대비 32%와 56%였다. 산파의 경우 simazine과 methabenzthiazuron에서 각각 무처리 대비 89%와 84%의 수량을 보였고 alachlor와 simazine + alachlor에서는 각각 무처리 대비 13%와 29%로 나타났으며, alachlor 보다 simazine과 methabenzthiazuron이 건물수량 감소가 적었으며 제초제 처리시 산파보다 조파가 alachlor에 대한 약해를 덜 받는 것으로 나타났다. TDN 수량 역시 건물수량과 비슷한 경향을 보였으며 alachlor와 simazine + alachlor 모두에서 TDN 수량이 가장 낮게 나왔으며 제초제 처리시 산파보다는 조파의 경우가 제초제 시용에 따른 수량감소가 적은 것으로 나타났다.

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of the mixed application of chemical fertilizer (CF) and liquid swine manure (LSM) on the agronomic characteristics, dry matter yield, amino acids, minerals, and free sugars in cultivating Sorghum × Sudangrass hybrid (SSH) on paddy soil. The field experiment was designed in a randomized block design with three replications and consisted of CF 100% (C), CF 70% + LSM 30% (T1), CF 50% + LSM 50% (T2), CF 30% + LSM 70% (T3), and LSM 100% treatment (T4). The application of LSM was based solely on the nitrogen. Plant length, leaf length, leaf width and number of leaf were significantly higher in T4 (p<0.05), but stem diameter did not show significant differences among treatments. Stem hardness increased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate decreased, but sugar degree decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate decreased. Fresh yield, dry matter yield and TDN yield were the highest in T4, whereas the lowest in T2 (p<0.05). Crude protein, crude fat and crude ash were the highest in C, T4 and T2, respectively (p<0.05). However, NDF and ADF did not show significant difference among treatments. Crude fiber decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate increased. The total mineral content was decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate increased. Total amino acid content was higher in the order of T1> C> T3> T4> T2 (p<0.05). Free sugar content increased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate increased. The analysis of all the above results suggests that the application of liquid swine manure is very effective, considering the yield performance and the content of sugar degree and free sugar. In addition, liquid swine manure may be possible to grow Sorghum × Sudangrass hybrid without chemical fertilizer.