This paper examines a simple one-step and catalyst-free method for synthesizing carbon nanoparticles from aliphatic alcohols and n-hexane with linear molecule formations by using a stable solution plasma process with a bipolar pulse and an external resistor. When the external resistor is adopted, it is observed that the current spikes are dramatically decreased, which induced production of a more stable discharge. Six aliphatic linear alcohols (methanol- hexanol) containing carbon with oxygen sources are studied as possible precursors for the massive production of carbon nanoparticles. Additional study is also carried out with the use of n-hexane containing many carbons without an oxygen source in order to enhance the formation of carbon nanoparticles and to eliminate unwanted oxygen effects. The obtained carbon nanoparticles are characterized with field emission-scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that with increasing carbon ratios in alcohol content, the synthesis rate of carbon nanoparticles is increased, whereas the size of the carbon nanoparticles is decreased. Moreover, the degree of graphitization of the carbon nanoparticles synthesized from 1-hexanol and n-hexane with a high carbon (C)/oxygen (O) ratio and low or no oxygen is observed to be greater than that of the carbon nanoparticles synthesized from the corresponding materials with a low C/O ratio.

The microstructures and cyclic voltammograms of Al-Si/C nano-composites were investigated as the anode of lithium ion batteries. Al-Si nanoparticles were prepared by the arc-discharge method. Al-Si/C nanoparticles were obtained by coated Al-Si nanoparticles with the precursor of glucose (C6H12O6) as carbon source. It was indicated that the post carbon coating treatment can reduce Al2O3 film on Al-Si particles, and new phase Al4C3 formed in the process can activate the inactivated materials of electrode in a certain extent.

Carbon nanotubes are unique tubular structures of nanometer diameter and large length/diameter ratio. The nanotubes may consist of one up to tens and hundreds of concentric shells of carbons with adjacent shells separation of ~0.34 nm. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes were synthesized by arc-discharge technique. MWCNTs were formed at the cathode deposit along with other carbonaceous materials like amorphous carbon, graphite etc. However, to get the best advantage of carbon nanotubes in various advanced applications, these undesired carbonaceous materials to be removed which is a challenging task. In the present study, various techniques were tried out for purifying MWCNTs such as physical filtration, chemical treatment and thermal annealing. SEM, FTIR, TGA and BET techniques were used to characterize the CNTs at various stages. Results shows that suitable chemical treatment followed by thermal annealing under controlled flow of oxygen gives the better route for purification of carbon nanotubes.

The present study focused on the synthesis of a bismuth-antimony-tellurium-based thermoelectric nanopowders using plasma arc discharge process. The chemical composition, phase structure, particle size of the synthesized powders under various synthesis conditions were analyzed using XRF, XRD and SEM. The powders as synthesized were sintered by the plasma activated sintering. The thermoelectric properties of sintered body were analyzed by measuring Seebeck coefficient, specific electric resistivity and thermal conductivity. The chemical composition of the synthesized Bi-Sb-Te-based powders approached that of the raw material with an increasing DC current of the are plasma. The synthesized Bi-Sb-Te-based powder consist of a mixed phase structure of the , and phases. This powder has homogeneous mixing state of two different particles in an average particle size; about 100nm and about 500nm. The figure of merit of the sintered body of the synthesized 18.75 wt.%Bi-24.68 wt.%Sb-56.57 wt.%Te nanopowder showed higher value than one of the sintered body of the mechanically milled 12.64 wt.%Bi-29.47 wt.%Sb-57.89 wt.%Te powder.

A simple method to deposit carbon nanotube films uniformly on large area substrates using an arc discharge method is reported in this paper. The arc discharge method was modified to deposit carbon nanotube films in situ on the substrates. The substrates were scanned several times over the arcing point for a uniform film thickness. Deposition was carried out under variable dc bias conditions at 600 torr of H2 gas. The thickness uniformity of the single-wall carbon nanotube films as characterized by a four-point probe was within 30% deviation. The morphology and crystal quality of the single-wall carbon nanotube film were also characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.

The present study was focused on the synthesis of a zirconium-based alloyed nanopowder by the plasma arc discharge process. The chemical composition, phase structure, particle size and hydrogen sorption property of the synthesized powders under various synthesis conditions were analyzed using XRF, XRD, SEM, XPS and the ASTM-F798 method. The chemical composition of the synthesized Zr-V-Fe-based powders approached that of the raw material with an increasing hydrogen fraction in the powder synthesis atmosphere. The synthesized powder consist of a mixed phase structure of the phases. This powder has an average particle size of about 20 nm. The synthesized nanopowder showed getter characteristics, even though it had a lower hydrogen sorption speed than the getter powder. However, the synthesized Zr nanopowder with an average particle size of 20 nm showed higher hydrogen sorption speed than the getter powder.

In the present study, ultrafined Zr-V-Fe based alloy powder prepared by a plasma arc discharge process with changing process parameters. The chemical composition of synthesized powder was strongly influenced by the process parameters, especially the hydrogen volume fraction in the powder synthesis atmosphere. The synthesized powder had an average particle size of 50 nm. The synthesized Zr-V-Fe based particles had a shell-core structure composed of metal in the core and oxidse in the shell.

The nano-sized Fe powders were prepared by plasma arc discharge process using pure Fe rod. The microstructure and the sintering behavior of the prepared nanopowders were evaluated. The prepared Fe nanopowders had nearly spherical shapes and consisted of metallic core and oxide shell structures. The higher volume shrinkage at low sintering temperature was observed due to the reduction of surface oxide. The nanopowders showed 6 times higher densification rate and more significant isotropic shrinkage behavior than those of micron sized Fe powders.

Nano sized FeAl intermetallic particles were successfully synthesized by plasma arc discharge pro-cess. The synthesized powders shouted core-shell structures with the particle size of 10-20 nm. The core was metallic FeAl and shell was composed of amorphous Because of the difference of Fe and Al vapor pressure during synthesis, the Al contents in the nanoparticles depended on the Al contents of master alloy.

Iron-carbon nanocapsules were synthesized by plasma arc discharge (PAD) process under various atmosphere of methane, argon and hydrogen gas. Characterization and surface properties were investigated by means of HRTEM, XRD, XPS and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Fe nanocapsules synthesized were composed of three phases with core/shell structures. The surface of nanocapsules was covered by the shell of graphite phase in the thickness of nm.

Fe nanopowders were successfully synthesized by plasma arc discharge (PAD) process using Fe rod. The influence of chamber pressure on the microstructure was investigated by means of X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The prepared particles had nearly spherical shapes and consisted of metallic cores (a-Fe) and oxide shells (FeO), The powder size increased with increasing chamber pressure due to the higher dissolution and ejection rate of H and gas density in the molten metal.

To investigate the effect of the parameters of the plasma arc discharge process on the particle formation and particle characteristics of the iron nano powder, the chamber pressure, input current and the hydrogen volume fraction in the powder synthesis atmosphere were changed. The particle size and phase structure of the synthesized iron powder were studied using the FE-SEM, FE-TEM and XRD. The synthesized iron powder particle had a core-shell structure composed of the crystalline -Fe in the core and the crystalline in the shell. The powder generation rate and particle size mainly depended on the hydrogen volume fraction in the powder synthesis atmosphere. The particle size increased simultaneously with increasing the hydrogen volume fraction from 10% to 50%, and it ranged from about 45nm to 130 nm.

The synthetic methods for high yield of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) and singlewalled carbon nanotube (SWNT) with high purity by arc discharge have been investigated. MWNTs were synthesized under different pressures of helium and the gas mixture of argon and hydrogen. Relatively high pressure of 300-400 torr was required for high yield MWNTs synthesis at low bias voltage of about 20 V and 55 A, whereas low pressure of about 100 torr was required for SWNTs. The introduction of hydrogen gases during the synthesis of MWNTs improved the yield and purity of the samples. The SWNTs were synthesized by the assistance of a small amount of mixture of transition metals, which played as a catalyst during the formation process. The purity and yield of SWNTs were higher at a lower pressure and enhanced by mixing more components of the transition metals.

고압변압기의 1차측을 제어하고 2차측에 유도된 전압을 이용한 수중방전음원의 전기음향학적 제특성을 분석.검사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 방전시 2차측 전류는 초기에는 Ohm 법칙을 따르다가 전류가 최고 6.3A 흘러 절연 파괴되었으며, 그 순간 방전음이 생성되었다. 2. 전류인가점과 방전음 생성문의 시간차는 약 3ms였으며, 전압이 최고일 때 절연파괴가 일어나 방전음이 생성되었다. 3. 전극의 끝이 뾰족할수록 2차측 전압이 높을수록 음압수준은 높았다. 4. 뾰족한 형태의 전극은 전극간격이 100cm일 때도 방전이 일어났으며 전극간격이 1cm이상부터 비교적 안정된 방전음이 생성되었다. 5. 방전음의 펄스폭은 약 0.15ms인 Shock Wave였으며, 10HKz 이하의 합성저주파 성분이었다.