참나무 단목원목으로 재배한 P. linteus KACC93057P (PLHS)2년산 자실체 60%에탄올 추출물의 총 페놀함량은 19.05±0.32 mg GAE/g로 다른 비교구 버섯 종에 비하여 4배에서 10배이상의 높게 나타났다. 125 μg/mL농도에서 DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거능은 62%와 100%를 나타냈으며 FRAP 환원력은 0.7μMFeSO4/g 으로 비교 구 버섯종 보다 2에서 10배이상의 유효활성이 검출 되었다. PLHS 자실체 ethyl acetate분배 추출물의 HPLC분석에서 styrylpyrone 계열의 화합물 davallialactone, hispidin, hypholomine B와 phenylpropanoid 계열의 화합물인 caffeic acid가 동정 되었다.

This study investigated the chemical composition of Petasites japonicus (S. et Z.) Maxim essential oil. During the period 2011~2013, P. japonicus (S. et Z.) Maxim plant was investigated for composition of the essential oil. Chemical composition and characteristic compounds of the essential oils from the aerial parts of the plant according to the crop year studied. The essential oils consisted of sesquiterpene compounds, which were the most abundant components. Samples collected in 2011 were found to be richer in oxygenated sesquiterpenes, while samples collected in 2012 and 2013 were richer in diterpene alcohols and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, respectively. Ninety-two compounds were identified in the P. japonicus (S. et Z.) Maxim essential oil of 2011, and caryophyllene oxide (20.49%), β-caryophyllene (10.28%), β-bisabolene (6.80%), and alloaromadendrene (6.50%) were the major compounds. Seventy-four compounds were identified in the plant essential oil of 2012, and phytol (17.22%), α-farnesene (15.31%), α-caryophyllene (9.93%), and β-caryophyllene (6.12%) were the major compounds. Ninety-two compounds were identified in the plant essential oil of 2013, and α-farnesene (22.42%), α- caryophyllene (21.49%), pentadecane (15.35%), and germacrene (5.70%) were the major compounds. The content of most of the chemical constituents varied significantly with different harvesting time. The content of α-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide was increased significantly from 2011 to 2013. The content of α-caryophyllene and isocaryophyllene was decreased significantly from 2011 to 2013.

This study investigated the chemical composition of Cirsium japonicum var. ussurience Kitamura essential oil and the quantitative changes of major volatile flavor compounds according to the harvesting season. The essential oils obtained by the method of hydrodistillation extraction from aerial parts of C. japonicum var. ussurience Kitamura were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Sixty-four volatile flavor compounds were identified in the essential oil from C. japonicum var. ussurience Kitamura harvested in May 2012; hexadecanoic acid (49.31%) was the most abundant compound, followed by 6,10,14- trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (13.72%), phytol (13.40%) and 9-hexadecenoic acid (4.16%). Eighty-three compounds were identified in the essential oil from the plant harvested in October 2012; phytol (40.56%), hexadecanoic acid (17.69%), 6,10,14- trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (13.71%), and caryophyllene oxide (4.15%) were the most abundant compounds. Types and levels of volatile compounds from different harvesting seasons varied. The essential oil composition of C. japonicum var. ussurience Kitamura harvested in the spring and autumn was characterized by higher contents of aliphatic fatty acid, diterpene and sesquiterpene, respectively.

The aim of this study was to assess the interaction between Daphnia similis and various organisms related to the rice paddy ecosystem. We selected several organisms that are likely to prey on D. similis and evaluate predation rate as well as responses of D. similis to the chemical compounds exuded by these organisms. As a result of predation experiment, larval dragonfly (Anax parthenope) and Triops longicaudatus were clearly shown decreasing abundances of D. similis. Especially, Triops longicaudatus was observed higher feeding rates on D. similis than larval dragonfly. Chemical compounds from the vertebrates such as fish (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Pseudorasbora parva, Micropterus salmoides) and tadpole of frog (Rana nigromaculata) did not affect the life history of Daphnia. However, a potential predatory fish P. parva induced significantly longer tail spine in Daphnia. In addition, among the invertebrates (T. longicaudatus, A. Parthenope, Micronecta spp., Palaemon paucidens), chemical compounds exuded by T. longicaudatus induced shorter body and significantly longer tail spine in D. similis.

Insect growth regulators (IGRs) are insecticides that disrupt the normal development of target insects by inducing symptoms such as premature molting or supernumerary larval stages. IGRs are categorized into three types based on their mode of action. One of the them is classified as juvenile hormone agonists (JHAs). Recently, we developed a yeast-two hybrid system that can identify potential juvenile hormone antagonist (JHAN) candidates using Aedes aegypti juvenile hormone receptor complex proteins, known as MET and FISC. In order to identify novel JHAN compounds, approximately 8,700 basic chemical compounds were screened using the yeast-two hybrid system. Among them, 35 compounds were first selected based on consistency of JHAN　activity, and their insecticidal activities were investigated against A. aegypti larvae. These compounds showed insecticidal activities about 1.7~3 times higher than that of pyriproxifen, which is a well known JHA insecticide. These results suggested that these JHANs can be used as effective JHAN insecticides.

시간분해 레이저 유도 형광 분광학을 이용하여 UO22+, UO2(OH)+, (UO2)2(OH)22+, (UO2)3(OH)5+와 같은 우라늄(VI) 화학종 규명 연구를 수행하였다. 들뜸 파장의 변화에 따른 화학종 규명 감도를 조사하였다. 266 nm의 들뜸 파장을 이용할 경우, 나노 몰 농도의 U(VI) 화합물을 구분할 수 있는 화학종 규명 감도를 얻었다. 이온 세기가 0.1 M, pH가 1인 조건에서 UO22+ 이온의 형광 스펙트럼과 형광 수명을 측정하였다. 488, 509, 533, 559 nm 파장의 특징적인 형광 봉우리를 관측하였고, 측정한 형광 수명은 1.92±0.17 ㎲ 이었다. U(VI) 가수분해 화합물의 형광 스펙트럼과 형광 수명의 변화를 이 값을 기준으로 비교하였다. 장파장 방향으로 이동한 형광 봉우리와 길어진 형광 수명을 가진 가수분해 화합물의 특징적인 양상을 보고한다.

The lyophilization of the solution extracted from 60 percent of acetone applied to persimmon leaves, the compounding process in accordance with the solution's concentration, and the gel filteration through Sephadex G-50 of biologically activated substances obstructing enzyme activity, such as tyrosinase, xanthine oxidase, and angiotesin converting enzyme (ACE) led to the assumption that polyphenol was the compound serving as biologically activated substances obstructing enzyme activity. Xanthine oxidase involved in pruine metabolism oxidizes hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid. In the continuous study for natural compound, nine flavan-3-ols have been isolated from the persimmon leaves. The structures of (+)-catechin, (+)-gallocatechin, procyanidin B-1, pyrocyanidin C-1, prodelphinidin B-3, gallocatechin-(4α→8)-catechin, procyanidin B-7-3-O-gallate, procyanidin C-1-3'-3'-3'-O-trigallate and (-)-epigallocatechin-(4α→8)-epigallocatechin-(4α→8)-catechin were established by NMR and their inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase activity was investigated. Procyanidin B-7-3-O-gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin-(4α→8)-epigallocatechin-(4α→8)-catechin and procyanidin C-1-3'-3'-3'-O-trigallate showed 94%, 90.69%, 80.90% inhibition at 100 (μ)M and inhibited on the angiotensin converting enzyme respectively. Procyanidin B-7-3-O-gallate and procyanidin C-1-3'-3'-3'-O-trigallate showed 66%, 63% inhibition at 100 (μ)M and inhibited on the xanthine oxidase competitively. Procyanidin C-1-3'-3'-3'-O-trigallate showed 70% inhibition at 100 (μ)M and inhibited on the tyrosinase competitively.

점박이응애에 대한 몇가지 살비제들의 각 발육단계에 다른 살란.성충효과를 조사하였다. fenpyroximate는 발육 전단계에 걸쳐 높은 효과를 보였다. Fenpyroximate 의 산란억제효과는 cyhexatin보다 훨씬 좋았다. 100ppm 농도 수준에서 약제잔효로 인한 산란억제효과는 fenpyroximate경우 85% 수준으로 25일동안 지속한 반면 cyhexatin의 효과는 점차 감소하여 처리 25일 후 40% 정도 감소했다. 또한 100ppm 농도 수준에서 fenpyroximate의 속효성은 3시간만에 100%의 살성충력을 보였지만 cyhexatin은 24시간이 지난 후에도 91%정도의 살성충력을 보여주었다. 공시된 대부분의 살비제가 침투이행성을 보여주지 않았지만 metasystox는 800ppm 농도 수준에서 처리 후 24시간에 100% 살성충효과를 나타냈다. 각기 다른 온도에 대하여 fenpyroximate는 다른 살비제와 비교했을 때 안정된 약효를 보였다.

The aim of this study was to investigate the amount (i.e., retention volume) and chemical composition of Natural volatile organic compounds (NVOCs) across different sites in a temperate forest. The three forest sites that were considered include riparian zones (site 1), streams (site 2), and densely-canopied areas (site 3). From May to October 2021, a mini pump was used to measure the collected NVOCs. These measurements were conducted once a month, from 10:30 am to 11:30 am; these times encompass peak visitation times. In the tree layers of the site 1 and 2, Quercus acuta was dominant, whereas Camellia japonica dominated their subtree layers. On the other hand, the tree layer of site 3 was dominated by Castanopsis sieboldii, whereas Camellia japonica dominated its subtree layer. The retention volume and chemical composition of NVOCs was as follows: benzaldehyde (107.528ppm), α-pinene (37.868ppm), linalool (16.258ppm), eucalyptol (14.818ppm), and sabinene hydrate (14.679ppm). In particular, the retention volume of benzaldehyde decreased as temperature increased. In contrast, the retention volume of α-pinene increased as the temperature increased. The differences in forest topography across the studies sites were in the following order: riparian area> forest area> stream area.

마늘종의 가공, 조리 특성과 관련한 기초자료를 확보하 고자 데치기 시간(30초, 1분, 2분, 3분, 4분)을 달리한 남해산 마늘종의 색도, 물성, 총당, 비타민 C, 클로로필, 총 폴리페 놀, 플라보노이드, 총 피루베이트 및 티오설피네이트 함량 을 분석하였다. 데치기 시간이 길어질수록 마늘종의 색은 L 값은 감소하였으며, a값은 점차 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 그리고 황색도를 나타내는 b값은 12.48±2.67~15.08±1.55의 범위로 데치지 않은 마늘종에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다. 생 마늘종의 경도는 2431.19±95.44 g이었는데, 데치기 시간의 증가와 더불어 감소하였다. 데침 시간을 달리한 마늘종의 총당과 비타민 C의 함량은 데치지 않은 마늘종에 비해 유의 적으로 낮았고 데치기 시간에 따라 점차 감소하였는데 이는 조리용수로 용출되거나 열에 의해 파괴되었다고 생각된다. 총 클로로필의 함량은 79.49±2.46~106.97±9.69 μg/g이었으 며, 청록색을 나타내는 클로로필 a가 황녹색을 나타내는 클로로필 b에 비해 약 2.6~4.1배 더 많이 함유되어 있고 데침 시간이 길어질수록 점차 총량이 감소하였다. 총 피루 베이트 및 티오설피네이트 함량은 데치는 과정을 거치는 동안 약 50% 수준으로 감소하였다. 마늘종은 데치기 처리 시간에 따라 색도, 물성 및 주요 성분이 감소되므로 2분 정도로 데침 처리 하는 것이 마늘종 고유의 성분과 품질을 유지하는데 적합한 것으로 판단된다.

In this study, the thermo-catalytic hydrogenation using corn stark and wasted palm kernel shell was carried out for the production of hydrocarbon compounds in direct biomass liquefaction. The conversion of biomass in direct biomass liquefaction over Mo-based catalyst increased with increasing the reaction temperature and the content of the volatile matter contained in biomass and the corn starch was more available than the wasted palm kernel shell. And then, the conversion was about 97.9% using corn starch and was about 92.4% using wasted palm kernel shell at 400oC. It was confirmed that the liquefied products obtained after the thermo-catalytic reaction were C6, C7, C8-typed hydrocarbon compounds.

The concentrations of offensive odorous compounds emitted from the two chemical plants in Chongju and Yeosu industrial complex in Korea were determined by uv/vis spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography. The odorous compounds examined in this study are ammonia, trimethyl amine, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propion aldehyde, butyl aldehyde, n-valeric aldehyde, iso-valeric aldehyde, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide. The concentrations of those were determined from the 10 sampling points of the two plants, respectively. The emission concentrations of all odorous compounds examined in the two plants were lower than those of the regulation standard levels of industrial complex in Korea, respectively. The propion aldehyde, n-valeric aldehyde, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl disulfide in Chongju and Yeosu plants, and butyl aldehyde and iso-valeric aldehyde in Yeosu plant were not detected at any sampling points examined.

In this study, the concentrations of offensive odorous compounds seasonally emitted from the chemical plant at Chongju industrial complex in Korea were determined by the analytical methods of gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and uv/vis spectroscopy. The kinds of offensive odorous compounds examined are formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, butyl aldehyde, propion aldehyde, n-valeric aldehyde, iso-valeric aldehyde, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, trimethyl amine and ammonia. The seasonally emission levels of all odorous compounds except dimethyl sulfide at 13 sampling points of plant were lower than those of the regulation standard levels of the industrial complex in Korea. The levels were the highest in June, and lowest in December. The propion aldehyde and iso-valeric aldehyde in June and December, butyl aldehyde in December, and n-valeric aldehyde were not detected in all the three seasons at any sampling points of the plant examined. But in June, dimethyl sulfide was emitted up to 16 times than that of the regulation level.

눈개승마의 총 엽록소, 총 카로테노이드 함량은 무차광에 비하여 차광율이 높을 수록 높았다. 지방산함량은 무차광 재배에 비하여 차광 재배 및 식용 가능시기간의 생육 후기에 감소되었다. 식용가능시기에서의 지방산 종류간의 함량은 oleic acid, palmitc acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid 순으로 높았으며, 무차광에 비하여 차광율이 높을 수록 낮았다. 특히 linoleic산의 함량은 타 지방산에 비하여 차광정도에 따른 함량의 감소율이 매우 높았다. 차광율 및 수확시기간의 휘발성 정유성분의 함량은 차광율이 높을 수록 증가하였고, 초기수확이 높았다. DPPH 소거활성은 6.64-14.49(IC50 : μg/ml)로 항산화 활성이 매우 높게 나타났고 차광정도가 높을 수록 낮았고, 조기 수확 할 수록 높았다. POD 및 SOD 활성은 식물체에 비하여 종자가 매우 낮았고, 무차광에 비하여 차광 재배 시에 증가하였다. POD활성은 식용가능시기의 생육 초기에 비하여 후기에 높았으나, SOD활성은 감소되었다. POD Isozyme band 수는 이식묘의 종자, 잎 및 줄기에서 각 각 6개의 밴드를 나타내었으나, 뿌리에는 없었다. SOD Isozyme band는 송자와 잎에 비하여 뿌리에서 뚜렷하였다.

The opening process of cut calla flower was faster at 30 t than at lower temperatures as it could be expected from its tropical origin. Gibberellin enhanced the flower opening, however, it also speeded up senescent. Silver thiosulfate was effective in prolonging the vase life of the cut calla flower. Silver thiosulfate reduced ethylene generation by the flower and inhibited microbial growth in the flower stalk. Reduction in ethylene generation and inhibition of microbial growth is thought to be responsible for the extension of the vase life of cut calla flowers by silver thiosulfate.

한국품종 및 중국품종 참깨를 한국 조치원 및 중국 길림성에서 각각 재배, 수확한 참깨 및 이를 볶아 제조한 참기름을 시료로 하여 화학성분을 분석 비교하였다. 참기름의 수율은 한국품종 한국산이 47.8%, 중국품종 중국산이 48.1%, 재배지 교환시는 한국품종 중국산이 48.6%, 중국품종 한국산이 49.3%로 나타났다. 참기름의 색도는 한국품종 한국산이 L값이 다소 낮아 참기름 고유의 암갈색을 띠었다. 참기름의 지방질 조성은 한국품종 한국산은 중