This study analyzes the structure and content of current affairs-based Korean language textbooks for academic learners and proposes practical strategies for improving their pedagogical impact. With the number of international students in Korean higher education surpassing 260,000 in 2024, many entering undergraduate or graduate programs do so with Korean proficiency levels below what is typically required for academic success. In response, universities have developed general education and major courses specifically for international students, often using textbooks that integrate current affairs topics to promote both language development and academic engagement. These textbooks commonly draw on news articles and other media texts to strengthen learners’ communicative and analytical skills. In this context, this study examined five types of current affairs-based Korean language textbooks that were commercially available in bookstores as of February 2025 and were likely to be adopted as university course materials. The analysis focused on textbook structure, text selection, and instructional activities. The findings suggest that while the textbooks are well-structured and emphasize logical comprehension, they often lack components that encourage sociocultural interpretation or critical literacy. This study recommends supplementing existing materials with texts and activities that help learners recognize the social dimensions of public discourse and foster critical literacy.

The rapid increase in global meat consumption, driven by population growth and economic development, has intensified concerns about the sustainability of protein supply. Moreover, conventional livestock production significantly affects the environment and human health, further underscoring the need for alternative protein sources. Alternative proteins, including those derived from plants, mycelium, and insects, as well as cultured meat, offer sustainable and nutritionally viable substitutes for traditional animal-based proteins. Among these, mushroom-based alternative proteins demonstrate exceptional environmental, nutritional, and functional advantages. In particular, mushroom-derived proteins can closely replicate meatlike tastes and textures, positioning them as promising candidates in the rapidly growing alternative protein market. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in the production of mushroom-based alternative protein, focusing specifically on mycelium cultivation techniques, edible mushroom applications, and production process innovations. Furthermore, we evaluate the nutritional composition, bioactive compounds, and associated health benefits, along with economic feasibility and consumer acceptance, all supported by empirical evidence. We extensively discuss technological innovations aimed at optimizing texture and reducing production costs. Finally, we propose concrete policy recommendations for fostering sustainable growth in the alternative protein industry, emphasizing regulatory frameworks, research investments, and consumer education strategies.

This study examined the offshore eel trap fishing process using one year of fishing logs and fishermen’s insights to identify key operational challenges and propose equipment improvement for greater efficiency and safety. Conger eel catches varied significantly by season, depth, and temperature, peaking in winter at 85–90 m and 23°C. The western waters of Jeju Island were identified as a major fishing ground, with the highest catch recorded in November and the lowest in July, reflecting seasonal trends. Each fishing operation deployed about 10,000 traps, with an average loss of 38 traps, posing economic concerns. The process involved intensive manual labor in bait preparation, trap retrieval, catch separation, line loading, and unloading, leading to high physical demands and safety risks. To address these issues, the study proposed automation through the development of a line loading device, trap cleaning device, bait processing machine, and automatic catch separator. These innovations could reduce the labor force required by one to two workers per process, alleviate workloads, and enhance resource management. By integrating quantitative logbook analysis with field-based knowledge, this study offers practical value. Further research is recommended on automation development, cost-effectiveness, and field validation to support safer and more sustainable eel trap fisheries.

본 연구에서는 장기간 수온 및 유속자료를 이용하여 한국 동해 연안의 냉수대 출현 빈도를 파악하고, 연안을 따라 북상하는 동 한난류(East Korea Warm Current, EKWC)의 경로 변동과 냉수대 출현과의 상관관계를 파악하였다. 8월 울기 앞바다에서 냉수대 출현빈도는 45%로 가장 높았고, 감포(33%)와 부산(22%)이 순으로 동해남부 지역에서 냉수대 출현했다. 동해 남부 연안을 따라 북쪽으로 흐르는 EKWC는 북위 36.5°를 지나면서 경로 변동이 나타난다. EKWC 주요 경로 변동은 세 가지 형태로 나누어 진다. 첫 번째는 해안에 인접하여 북향하는 EKWC의 경우(On-coastal), 두 번째는 후포해안에서 약 40km 떨어진 129.7°E선을 따라 북향하는 경우(Normal), 그리고 세 번째는 해 안에서 멀리 떨어진 경로를 통해 북쪽으로 진행하는 경우(Off-coastal)이다. EKWC의 세 가지 경로 변화에 따른 울기연안에서 냉수대가 출현 확률은 해안에 인접하여 북상 할 때 22%, 경로 변동없이 북상 할 때 0%, 그리고 외해역으로 북상할 때 91%였다. 또한 후포라인의 각 정점 (H-01~H-10)의 유동특성과 울기해안 수온과의 상호 기여도를 분석한 결과 후포 연안의 EKWC 경로의 변화는 울기연안의 냉수대 출현과 높 은 기여도가 나타났다. 후포 연안해역(H-01~H-03)에서 유속과 울기 수온의 Coherence는 0.7보다 높고 외해역(H-06 ~ H-10)에서는 0.5보다 낮 은 Coherence를 보인다. 따라서 울기연안 냉수대 출현은 후포연안에서 EKWC 유동 변동과 연관성이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

Fishways, particularly installed at the estuary, have a purpose to encourage fluent migration for migratory fishes, as well as amphidromous and even freshwater species. Not choosing the laborious traditional method of using traps, we assessed the efficiency of the two fishways installed at the west and east barrage of the Nakdong River estuarine barrage respectively, by analyzing the videos recorded through automatic monitoring system. We randomly selected 30 videos monthly at each fishways and identified what kind of fishes were using the fishways and categorised their behaviour such as size, time and whether they passed the monitoring system or not. As a result, a total 8 families 14 species were recorded by monitoring system, with the most dominance of Erythroculter erythropterus (Relative Abundance: 59.5%), followed by Micropterus salmoides (R.A: 19.9%) and Mugil cephalus (R.A: 9.9%). The monitoring system can capture passing fishes during night but the number of appearances of fish species at each hour of a day indicated significant diurnal activities (p<0.05). When fishes pass the monitoring system, approximately 70% of them passed through the monitoring device, while 17% of them showed fallback movement. Our finding indicates that species-specific characteristics of each fish are well represented through video monitoring method. In order to maximise advantages of using video monitoring, it is necessary to consider the installation point properly so that the monitoring system does not interfere with the movement of fish. Also, the utilisation of AI technology in the future is also necessary.

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most consumed vegetables in Paraguay, playing a crucial role in the daily diet of the population. Onion production is mainly concentrated in the Eastern Region, especially in the departments of Caaguazú, Paraguarí, and Itapúa. However, despite its importance, Paraguay continues to rely on onion imports from Argentina and Brazil to meet the growing domestic demand. This dependence is concerning, as national yields are approximately 40% lower than those obtained in these neighboring countries. There are several problems affecting onion production in Paraguay. Among them, the most important problem is the lack of local varieties adapted to the country’s climate conditions. Another problem is the absence of adequate and well-defined agricultural practices. This study aims to review the agroclimatic conditions of the main production areas, as well as the production technologies currently employed and local research efforts. A significant aspect of the research is the KOPIA-IPTA (Paraguayan Institute of Agricultural Technology) cooperation project, which sought to promote innovation in onion cultivation by transferring technologies and technical knowledge. Trials of different onion varieties were conducted at three IPTA regional institute of Caacupé, Choré, and San Juan Bautista across three planting seasons. Additionally, demonstration fields in Cordillera, Paraguarí, Misiones, and San Pedro showed an increase in gross income between 145% and 438% compared to the national average. This project has demonstrated that developing appropriate technologies and farmer training are essential to improving onion production and quality in Paraguay. Furthermore, the prospect emphasizes the need for the implementation of an internal program where the main focus is the development o f appropriate technologies and their transfer to farmers to ensure sustainable and high- quality local production.

본 연구는 대한민국에 거주중인 새터민 391명을 대상으로 2022년 3월부터 2023년 7월까지로 1년 4개월간 북한에서 거 주할 당시 이용한 식물 이름과 형태, 이용방법에 대해 질의응답 하였다. 면담자들의 평균 연령은 58.76세로 50대가 주로 참여 했다. 면담조사를 통해 동정한 분류군은 48목 102과 310속 472종으로 확인되었다. 그 중 자생식물이 71.40%를 차지했으 며, 재배식물은 25.21%, 외래식물은 3.39%로 확인되었다. 이 용현황에 대한 양적분석을 수행한 결과, 미나리가 상대적인용빈 도(RFC=0.928)에서 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 이용 범주 별 인용 빈도를 분석한 결과, 21개의 범주가 확인되었으며, 가장 많이 활용된 범주는 식용이었다(23,656회 인용, 전체 60.48%). 면담 조사를 통해 확인된 분류군 수는 472종으로 확인하였는데, 또 한 민속식물 동정 시 면담자들의 기억에 의존하여 사진자료를 통해 동정했다는 점에서 한계점이 있으나 본 연구에서 구축한 민속식물 전통지식 DB를 활용한 추가적인 분석을 통해 북한지 역의 사회적･문화적･경제적 통찰이 가능한 다학제간 연구로 확 대할 수 있을 것이라 기대한다.

Coffee is a major traded item worldwide. Uganda, where the coffee sector provides a livelihood to 1.8 million households, is Africa’s second-biggest coffee exporter. Pests and diseases are significant constraints affecting coffee production. Although the Ugandan government has implemented strategies to assist farmers in addressing these constraints, coffee pests and diseases continue to affect the yield and quality of coffee crops. This ongoing issue highlights the need for more effective and sustainable solutions to protect coffee production in Uganda. This review examined two prevalent diseases and two major pests known to significantly impact Uganda’s coffee systems. It explored strategies that pathogens and pests would utilize to invade and colonize coffee plants. Furthermore, this review evaluated current challenges and prospects for improving coffee pest and disease management. By offering valuable insights and recommendations, it aims to equip agricultural stakeholders with the knowledge needed to develop and implement more effective strategies for combating these persistent threats to coffee production in Uganda.

In response to the escalating demands of global trade and the pressing imperative for environmental preservation, the shipping industry is confronted with the dual challenges of augmenting energy efficiency and significantly curtailing carbon emissions. Ship drag reduction technology emerges as a promising solution to address these critical issues. Over the recent years, a spectrum of diverse drag reduction technologies has been developed, each precisely targeting distinct components of ship resistance and influenced by a multitude of factors. We provide a comprehensive synthesis and critical evaluation of the existing literature on ship drag reduction technologies. It categorizes these technologies into four primary domains: body-attached drag reduction, surface drag reduction, air lubrication drag reduction, and other specialized drag reduction techniques. By presenting detailed and extensive experimental data, coupled with real-world application cases, we underscore the practical implementation and proven efficacy of these technologies in reducing ship drag. We delve into the current limitations and challenges encountered by these technologies. We also offer strategic recommendations for future research endeavors and practical applications, aiming to overcome these limitations and enhance the overall performance of drag reduction technologies. The insights provided in this paper aim to serve as a guide for ongoing efforts in developing innovative and effective utilization of ship drag reduction technologies, ultimately contributing to the sustainability and efficiency of the shipping industry.